The Portuguese in Asia and the Far East:
the Braga Collection in the National Library of Australia

Pauline Haldane
National Library of Australia
A paper prepared for the Second International Conference on Indian Ocean Studies held in Perth, Western Australia, 5-12 December,1984

CONTENTS


JOSE MARIA BRAGA

Jose Maria Braga, former Hong Kong business man based in Macau was also in his time a teacher, journalist and writer devoted to the task of telling the world the history of Macau and the role of the Portuguese in its development. He wrote numerous articles in journals in Macau, Hong Kong and Shanghai, founding and directing several magazines himself. He published numerous books, some of which are listed in Appendix I. Braga taught English in St.Joseph's Seminary in Macau in early 1924 and went on to teach the Commercial course of English educating hundreds of youths who joined commercial firms in Macau, Hong Kong, Canton, Shanghai, Bangkok, Yokohama and Tokyo.

He was a close associate of C.R. Boxer and collaborated with him in the writing of several books. Boxer encouraged Braga to widen his interest from the Portuguese in the Far East to include the whole sphere of Portuguese influence in the world which he did, but nevertheless, his collection reflects his prime interest in Macau, Hong Kong, China and Japan with only about a third of the collection devoted to the other Portuguese spheres of influence.

A recent Macau newspaper article by Fr. Manuel Teixeira tells us that Braga was born just before the turn of the century to Jose Pedro Braga, also a writer among other things, and Olive Pauline Pollard. In 1924 he married Augusta Isabel da Conceicao Osorio da Luz in Macau and they had seven children. These included three doctors, a nurse, a public servant and an electronics engineer. Some of them migrated to Australia and others to America where Braga himself now lives at the ripe old age of 87.

THE HISTORY OF THE BRAGA COLLECTION

Jack Braga, as he was known, had built up a rich library of books, manuscripts, maps, pictures, newspapers and journals. Some of the books were acquired by the Biblioteca Publica de Macau but the bulk of his library some six thousand monographs and the other materials were purchased by the National Library of Australia in 1966.

In his own words Mr Braga had the following to say about the formation of his library:

" The Braga Collection of books and papers commences with the story of Portugal's expansion in the 15th and 16th centuries. There are books on the early history of Portugal in its relations with the rest of Europe, including the life and conditions of mediaeval Europe, not forgetting the Crusades, the search for Prester John as an ally against the Saracens, and the struggle to get rid of the Moorish caliphs in Portugal, against the background of the trade which flourished in the eastern Mediterranean, and the trickle of trade that flourished in Morocco.

At this juncture, Prince Henry began to give thought to the problem of circumventing the power wielded by the forces of Islam, then extending itself slowly eastwards from the Middle East, through the Balkans. The fruit of his observations was the evolution and development of new ships, the drawing of new maps, connected with astronomical observations, and the gradually increasing audacity of the navigators. The collection contains many books on this aspect of the genesis of nautical science, with special emphasis on maps and the science of cartography.

The fruit of the Portuguese voyages was the spread of the knowledge of ship-building and the kindred sciences, leading to the voyages of Columbus, followed by those of Vasco da Gama and his successors, leading to the discovery of the principal sea-routes and the mapping of half the world. Accounts of the principal voyages and leading events are to be found in the collection.

Then followed the religious missions carried out by the Portuguese "padroado" (patronage) and the collection is particularly rich in this aspect of Portugal's activities. This is covered in books on Ethiopia, South, West and Central Africa, India, Ceylon, Japan, China, Tibet, Siam, Cochinchina and neighbouring states, and the rest of coastal Asia. Macao was the centre of this religious aspect of Portugal's activities and commercial relations with many places. Many books and papers dealing with this are in the collection. Trade and other relations with China is a particularly rich part of the Braga Collection.

British trade in China followed by the taking of Hong Kong was followed by an important change in the pattern of life and activities in the Far East. Macao took on a smaller share of the volume while Hong Kong's increased, with ramifications all over the Far East. The pattern of the Braga Collection changed with this period, with special emphasis on Hong Kong's role and British, and even America and other European powers, impacts increased in volume and importance. All these places are covered by books, papers, etc., including newspapers and clippings.

Late in the 19th century, Portugal began to show some activity, and by the middle of the 20th century this country was once again in the public eye.

The War in 1937-1945, beginning with the Japanese attack on China is covered very fully, with Hong Kong and Macao well represented by books, newspapers, clippings, manuscripts and journal articles.

Braga was offered an hororarium by the Library to come to Australia and work on the organisation of this collection which he did late in 1968. Sadly he became ill during 1972 when he was already 75 before he could finish this momentous task. The bibliographical control of his collection remains much as he left it at that time but the six thousand monographs in the collection finally are being added the ABN database and will eventually be published as a separate listing by the Area Studies Section of the Library in the Area Studies Guides Series. Inclusion in the Australian Bibliographical Network (ABN) means that access to the monographs in the collection will now be possible by computer in all states of Australia which will speed up inter-library loans.

A very brief one page outline of the contents of the collection published in Guide to the Collections 2. is attached as Appendix II.

Printed Books in the Collection

As a list of the books in the collection on the Portuguese in Asia will be issued probably in 1986 and the individual titles are gradually being added to ABN I will not be describing that part of the collection in very much detail. Some very rare early items were included however and these are listed in Appendix III. Apart from these the printed books are mainly nineteenth and twentieth century imprints with a smattering of eighteenth century works. As with most scholars' libraries the collection contains quite a few books which do not follow the main thrust of the collection. While all of these are being added to ABN they will not be included in the published list. Braga collected material exhaustively, for instance on the second world war situated as he was on neutral ground in the thick of the action. He prepared a detailed listing of this material including books, newspaper clippings, journal articles and correspondence which is attached as Appendix IV.

While the war in Asia concerns the Portuguese in Asia, works on Rommel and the European aspects of the war do not specially relate to Asia, so those titles will be excluded from the list as they are readily available and will be on the ABN database.

Manuscript Material in the Collection

The manuscript component of Braga's Collection has been organised into 200 Manuscript boxes. An accession register for these has been created and this together with card entries in the Manuscripts Catalogue can be consulted in the Manuscripts Reading Room in the National Library. A descriptive list of the contents of the boxes is attached as Appendix V. There are documents covering such diverse subjects as Jesuit activities, exploration and discovery, missionary work in China and Japan, health hygiene and medical practice, engineering projects, letters to and from the King of Portugal, excommunication, poetry, drafts of talks, articles and books and many other subjects. The geographical areas covered include Europe, Africa, India, Southeast Asia, Japan and China. Most of the documents however refer to China, Japan, Macau and Hong Kong. One interesting set of documents concerns proposals by the Vice Roy of India, Manuel Godhino de Heredia, to the King of Portugal for a voyage of discovery to the great land to the south (Australia). The originals of this are held in the National Archives of Portugal. Most of the items are typescript or photographic copies of documents held in various archives and libraries in Europe. Some of the originals have since been lost. The collection contains also several descriptions of the contents of European libraries especially as they relate to Macau, Hong Kong, China and Japan.

Highlights in the Braga Manuscript collection are his Biobibliographical Index, his translation and notes on Jesuitas na Asia, his translation of Asia Extrema by Antonio de Gouvea and the Luso-Oriental handbook of Portuguese officials and their contemporaries in China 1530 to 1940. The latter is in note form on several hundred pages. The biobibliographical index is alphabetic by author giving where possible a succinct biography and a list of the author's works, and names of places and short bibliographies of those. The subjects covered are those mentioned by Braga in his description of his collection above as follows:

Portuguese life from the 15th century; the vision of Prince Henry; discoveries in Africa, Brazil and the voyages to India; consequences of the voyages and descriptions of India. Abyssinia, China, Japan and Insulandia (Indonesia); the impact of the Portuguese presence in Asia; missionary work under the protection of Portugal; appearance of other Europeans in China and Japan; the impact of this expansion on Portugal and other parts of Europe; the establishment of Hong Kong; modern relations with China and Japan; World War II in East Asia, and the modern development of Hong Kong and Macau.

The biobibliography is written on about 11,000 sheets of paper and aims to give a quick reference for scholars working on European penetration of East Asia in the 16th to 18th centuries and subsequently Hong Kong's place in the international relations of the area with Macau occupying a smaller role.

The catalogue of the Jesuits in Asia covers the thousands of documents in the Ajuda Library in Lisbon from the old Macau Archives which were destroyed by fire in 1825. Braga has prepared annotations for nearly half of this catalogue which run to nearly five hundred pages. Asia Extrema is undoubtedly the most important of the documents in the collection. It is a fine history of China, rich with detail of what was happening in China during the last few years of the Ming Dynasty based on reports by Jesuit priests. The collection contains transcripts of the first of the two books and translation of some of this.

Pictures in the Collection

Braga collected around one thousand pictures on the subjects that interested him, mainly Macau, Hong Kong, China and Japan and Portuguese involvement in these places. Unfortunately he only listed one hundred and sixty of these but as they are representative of the whole of the collection his list is reproduced here as Appendix VI. The collection contains watercolours, prints, engravings, line drawings and a few oil paintings. The subjects covered include cathedrals and monasteries in Macau, pictures of early life in China and Japan, Hong Kong and Brazil, old port cities, views of Macau and Hong Kong, pictures of missionaries, of churches of fortifications and many pictures of boats. Braga's notes give details of the artists where known and historical information on the subjects often linking the pictures to books in his collection.

This part of the collection is housed in the Pictorial Section of the Library and except for the oil paintings is not yet catalogued, so access is somewhat limited. Mr Braga's list gives a good idea of the range of subjects covered so if it seems likely that a certain view or item of interest may be included it is wise to give the Pictorial Section a day's notice so that the material can be made available. The collection also has several calendars with views of Macau and Hong Kong and pages from old issues of the London Illustrated News with pictures of interest to Mr Braga. Some of the works need conservation.

Maps in the Collection

There are more than a hundred maps in the collection and many of these have had to be treated for conservation. Some of them are of particular interest such as maps of China in 1669 and 1747 and a plan of the city of Macau 1795, but many of the maps are readily available maps published by National Geographic Magazine. There are several maps of Hong Kong, Shanghai, Macau, China and Taiwan and a few maps of Portugal. A list of the maps is attached as Appendix VII. All maps in the collection and in fact all other maps in the Library's Map Collection which includes some very interesting maps on the Indian Ocean listed in the Indian Ocean a bibliography · can be consulted in the Maps Reading Room or borrowed on inter-library loan.

Newspapers in the Collection

Braga collected over one hundred newspaper titles. As with most newspaper collections the holdings were rather patchy and sometimes just one or two issues per title were held. There are long runs of The China Mail, 0 Clarim, Diario de Noticias, Hong Kong Sunday Herald, Hong Kong Telegraph, Hong Kong Tiger Standard, Noticias de Macau, South China Morning Post and A Voz de Macau. The complete list of Braga newspapers with abbreviated holding statements is attached as Appendix VIII. These are all available for consultation in the Newspaper Reading Room. Because the Braga Collection has not had full cataloguing treatment these newspapers have not been included in the recently published Newspapers in Australian Libraries. As well as this fine collection of newspapers Mr Braga was a compiler of albums of newspaper clippings. These are held in the Manuscripts Section. A list is attached as Appendix IX.

Journals in the Collection

Mr Braga's journals were a mixed bag with some extremely rare materials and some widely held popular American magazines which hardly deserve a mention. Among the treasures are 8 of only 9 issues published of the Hong Kong Fellowship Newsletter published by the British government during World War II and privately circulated to relatives of prisoners in Japanese camps. There is also a thirty year run of Boletim da Provincia de Macau e Timor 1870-1900, and long run of Boletim EccJesiastico da Diocese de Macau, 1904-1972.

Most of the journals in the collection however reflect the span of his active collecting period which runs from the mid thirties to the mid sixties. Only 20 journals are from the 19th century.

A list of the major journals with very abbreviated holding statements is attached as Appendix X.

CONCLUSION

Jack Braga spent a lifetime collecting books and other materials to support his research on the Portuguese in Asia. He spent four years working on the collection here in the National Library. Access to the printed materials will soon be excellent with all the monographs in the ABN database and a published microfiche list of them by the end of 1986. In the meantime this short paper together with the appendixes gives some idea of the wealth of material now available in the National Library of Australia for the study of the Portuguese in Asia.

Notes:

  1. Tribuna de Macau, Macau, 7 Ap 1984.
  2. National Library of Australia. Guide to the collections, Canberra, 1974. V.I p.100.
  3. National Library of Australia. The Indian Ocean; a select bibliography of resources for study in the National Library of Australia, Canberra, 1979.
  4. National Library of Australia. Newspapers in Australian Libraries; a union list. Part 1 Overseas newspapers 4th ed. Canberra, 1984.

Appendix I

A Select List of Books by J.M. Braga


Appendix II

BRAGA COLLECTION (PORTUGUESE IN ASIA)

In 1966 the National Library acquired a collection formed by J.M. Braga dealing in the main with the activities of the Portuguese in Asia. It includes printed material, manuscripts, copies of manuscripts, pictures and maps. J.M. Braga set out the contents of the collection as follows:

As may be gathered from the contents of the collection much of it is specially related to those projects upon which J.M. Braga has worked for many years:

(a) Jesuitas na Asia
(b) Asia extrema by Antonio de Gouvea
(c) Luso-Oriental handbook of Portuguese officials and their contemporaries in China, 1530 to 1940
(d) The books of the Braga collection have been shelved separately with an accompanying catalogue compiled by Mr Braga. The manuscripts from the collection are housed at [MS 4300].
(e) Mr Braga has given the Library permits to make photocopies of his notes for the three works mentioned above for use by readers and staff.

Appendix III

Rare Books in the Braga Collection


Appendix IV

Material from the Braga Collection on World War II

During the Pacific War, Macao was the only place between Alaska and India where there was a European flag flying. The province became a centre of espionage conducted by several countries, including Japan, China, Great Britain, the United States and Portugal. The peculiar situation of Macao placed some residents in a privileged position to gather information during the war in the region.

Mr Braga made a point of collecting information that would later perhaps be considered useful for historical research.

The material collected is in the form of newspaper clippings, loose and in albums, correspondence and other manuscript material, newspaper runs, serial runs, and monographs. The subjects covered include: events foreshadowing World War II; various events and the changing situation during the war in the region; the operations of allied secret-service agencies; the treatment of military prisoners and civilian internees in camps; allied and axis propaganda; relief for and rehabilitation of Macao and Hong Kong; trials of war criminals; and the winding up of allied operations in the region.

The material from the Braga Collection on World War II is an important addition to the National Library's holdings, and together with material already held in this subject area, provides resources which should prove to be valuable for research.

Monographs from the Braga Collection on World War II

(Prepared from notes by J.M. Braga)

Manuscript Material from the Braga Collection on World War II

Reprints of articles from newspapers relating to the beginning of World War II, 1939.
War news, copied from newspapers, and summaries of radio broadcasts.

List of Albums of Newspaper Clippings from the Braga Collection
Containing War News

MACAO NEWSPAPERS:

HONG KONG NEWSPAPERS:

List of serials from the Braga Collection containing articles on World War II in Macao and Hong Kong.
(In each case all issues available for the war period should be consulted).

Titles:


Appendix V

MANUSCRIPT MATERIAL IN THE J.M. BRAGA COLLECTION

Braga was an intensive collector of printed material, manuscripts, pictures and maps dealing mainly with the activities of the Portuguese in Asia. Box 1 contains biobibliography and newspaper clippings of Hong Kong. 1972-1973. Ms.4300

  1. Boxer, C.R. Published and unpublished transcripts and typescripts of Boxer's work from 1941. Ms.4301
  2. Macao Senate Papers. Ms.4302
  3. Camera Manoel. Jeromyno da. Missionios na India e no Japao 1541-1603. A list of missionaries from Portugal to India and Japan. Ms.4303
  4. Hunter, William C. Bits of old China. Typescript of book published 1911. Shanghai. Ms.4304
  5. Costa Nunes, D.Jose da Bp. Conference sobre o Padroado Portuguez do Oriente. Lecture at the Geographical Society of Lisbon. 20/2/1922 Typescript. Ms.4305
  6. Sampayo, S. Conto de. Typescript of Relacao dos successes no Barra de Goa 1637-38. Account of the victorious happenings at the river bar of Goa against the Dutch by Telles de Menezes Capt.General of the sea forces in India 1637-38. Ms.4306
  7. Ferguson, Donald. Typescript of letters from Portuguese captives in Canton, 1534-1536 with an introduction on Portuguese intercourse with China in the first half of the 16th century from Book by Donald Ferguson probably using the original in the Chamber of Deputies. Paris. (Braga says 1524-26). Ms.4307
  8. Marques Pereira, Antonio. Typescript of Ephemerides commemoratives da historia de Macao e das relacoes da China com os poros christaos. Macao. 1868. (The events that have taken place on each day of the year). Ms.4308
  9. Morse, Hosea Ballon. Typescript of extracts from the 4 vols. of East India Co. trading to China 1635-1834. Ms.4309
  10. Hirshberg H. Papers dealing with water catchment, Macao 1933. Ms.4310
  11. Miranda Guedes, Antonio P. de. Typescript of book Obras do Porto de Macao Conferencia realisada no Gremio Militar de Macao, 1910. Ms 4311
  12. Netto, Antonio F. Typescript of his Breve noticia historica da missao de Shiu-Hing na Provincia de Cantao. Macao 1924. Brief history of the Portuguese mission at Shiu Hing South China. Ms. 4312
  13. Calvo, Vasco. Typescript of Cartas dos prisoneiros en Cantao. Copy of letters of Christopher Viera and Vasco Calvo 1534-36. (Braga says 1524-26). Ms.4313
  14. Cunningham, Alfred. Typescript of The French in Tonkin and 'South China', Hong Kong 1902. Ms.4314
  15. Cordeiro, Luciano Jose. Typescript of 0 exercito Chinez; estudo de historia e d’organisacao militar. Hong Kong 1909. Pamphlet on the Chinese army, lecture at the Military Club, Macao 30/6/1909 Ms.4315
  16. Lien, Chou Ching. Papers dealing with Sino-Portuguese relations 1513- 19th century. Ms.4316
  17. Rodrigues, Damiao. Typescript of 0 Petardo and The China Truth separata do processo que acompanhou o recurso do notario D. Rodrigues peranti o conselho de Ministros. Macao 1930.
    A restricted report of the Govt. of Macao proceedings from the appeal by Damiao Rodrigues to Council of Ministers. Ms.4317
  18. Uma pagina negra nos annaes da procurata de Macao 1869. Anonymous restricted pamphlet entitled 'A Black page in the story of the Procurators Office in Macao 1869. Deals with China's emigration from Macao. Ms.4318
  19. Erncarnacao, Antonio de. Typescript of Breve relacam das Cousas. 1665. Short account of the happenings in these recent years and accomplishments by the Dominicans and the prodigious successes in Christian places in the southern seas in which the author took part in parts of East India written by various Dominicans. Ms.4319
  20. Wright, Arnold ed. Typescript of his Twentieth Century impression of Hong Kong, Shanghai and other treaty ports 1930. Ms.4320
  21. Narcisco, Armando. Typescript of his Documentary Studies of the Portuguese League for social prophylaxis published after a conference on leprosy in Clinica Hygiene e bedrologia April 1937. Ms.4321
  22. Vespucci, Amerizo. Typescript of letters and other documents illustrative of his career. London, Hakluyt Soc., 1904. Ms.4322
  23. Carmona, Lima. Typescript of As fortalesas de Macao - the Macao fortresses published in Tar Ssi Yang Ko, Lisbon. Vol 1 pp.213-223 continued in Vol 2 pp.411-435. Ms.4323
  24. Froes, Luiz Fr. O.F.M. Typescript of Copia das cartas do Japao and Portuguese colonization with 66 Kingdoms of the Great Mogul Empire. Letters from Japan published in Lisbon 1593. Ms.4324
  25. Arquivo dos Coionias. Extracts concerning Macao from the magazine. Ms.4325
  26. Portugal Booksellers Association Bibliography 1940. Bibliography of Portuguese books published in 17th to 20th centuries. Ms.4326
  27. Macao Peninsula. Typescript of documents relating to the setting up of boundaries for the Peninsula of Macao 1908. Ms.4327
  28. Alvares, Gorge. An account of Gorge Alvares of Japan. He took Francis Xavier there in 1549, published by Camara Manuel, Lisbon, 1894. Ms.4328
  29. Marques, Lorenco. The album of the Camoens Grotto Macao, published mid 19th century. Ms.4329
  30. Vargas, Phillipe. Notes from lecture at Sino-British Club, Hong Kong. .4330
  31. Coates, Austin. Poems Macao, April 1950. Poem written for J.M. Braga and not published. Ms.4331
  32. Li-Shu-Fan. Medical Foundation, Hong Kong - Annual reports, 1963-1964. Ms.4332
  33. Cairns, Robert, Father. Declaration in honour of St. Francis Xavier. Has picture of the Saint's death 1552, is a reproduction of the original since disintergrated. Ms.4333
  34. McCall, John E. Press cuttings of Jesuit Iconography in the Far East Ms.4334
  35. Macao Court papers, typescripts of decisions regarding estates of Portuguese families in Macao and Lisbon late 19th and early 20th centuries. Ms.4335
  36. Silva, J Marques de. Papers regarding his ancestors compiled in 1940. Ms.4336
  37. Chan, Albert S.J. Typescript of the Glory and fate of the Ming Dynasty talks given in the late 1950's. Ms.4337
  38. Brunt, M. Hugo. Typescript of essays on architectural development in Macao over the centuries, 1950. Ms.4338
  39. Salazar, Antonio Oliveira. Speech 1942. Translation done at the request of the Governor of Macao in 1942 for distribution to Portuguese refugees from Hong Kong. Ms.4339
  40. Martin, Joseph. Typescript of article on tea. Ms.4340
  41. Conceicao, Adrelino. Typescript of translation of address on sanitary and nutritional education under auspices of WHO & FAO, 1955. Ms.4341
  42. Machado, Barboza Diogo. Transcript of letter dated 20/11/1564 made by Prey Diogo Barboza Machado in mid 18th century from the original. Ms.4342
  43. Sandomil, Count. Papers of controversy between Count Sandomil Vice Roy of India and the Inquisitor Manuel Marques de Azevido 1725, 1736 and 1737. Ms.4343
  44. St. Benedict Convent, Portugal. Transcript of the inquisition against the abbess of the Convent of St. Benedict 1544. Original since lost. Ms.4344
  45. Papers connected with a court case between Portuguese Consul in Shanghai and a group of Portuguese lawyers and businessmen. Ms. 4345
  46. Alcobaca. Cistersian Abbey. Unpublished book with regulations for the Cistersian friars in the Abbey of Alcobacca Portugal consisting of the Latin Calendar in medieval Portuguese with illuminated capitals written ca 1400 AD. Ms.4346
  47. Pedrosa Guimaraens, dom Allessandre de Silva. Original manuscript of his sermons and addresses with extensive annotations. This bishop was extremely narrow minded, desired the expulsion from Macao of all non-Catholics. Several of the leading citizens of Macao were excommunicated by him. Written 1727-1789. Ms.4347
  48. Freitas, Jordes de. Typescript of study in Archive Historic Portugal Vol. 8, nos.5-7 Lisbon 1910. by the curator of the Ajuda Library. Ms.4348
  49. Caderna Pharmacutica. Manuscript book of medical prescriptions and natural secrets with index. Bound in velum from 18th century. Ms.4349
  50. Oporto - Cortes. Transcript in late 18th century of the National Assemblies convened by the King on various dates from 1385-1497 from the Senate city of Oporto. These assemblies were in the days before Parliaments functioned anywhere. Ms.4350
  51. Lazarist Missions. Regulations and general constitutions of the priests of the Lazarist Missions written in the 18th century. Ms.4351
  52. Silva Mendes, Manoel da. Typescript of book unpublished because of opposition by the Salesian fathers. Covers the history of Macao early 20th century. Ms.4352
  53. Mesquita, Vincente Nicolau. Typescript of Notes biograficas por Coronel Garcia 1880, Sentenea de rehabilitacao, 1910, newspaper cuttings. Ecclesiastical decision on rehabilitation of Colonel Mesquita. Mesquita died after killing his daughter whom he suspected of having an affair with a married Portuguese officer. Ms.4353
  54. Iao Seng Company. Reference to irregulations by Iao Seng Co. the monopolists of Opium in Macao and comments on their activities. Ms.4354
  55. Inso, Jayme de. Typescript of letter by Commander Jayme de Inso for presentation at the Exhibition at Seville. Ms.4355
  56. Loo, Hing-Yun. Typescript of memorandum prepared by Loo for submission to United Nations 1950. Loo was one time Chief Justice of China but fell out with Chiang Kai-shek in 1949. Ms.4356
  57. Barres, Luis Frederico de. Notes on the state of the Portuguese colonies about 1878 by Luis Frederico de Barres in French and Portuguese. Ms.4357
  58. Teixeira, Manoel, Father. A rough English translation of a substantial portion of a book entitled 'A facade de St Paolo' with pictures by Baron von Reichman. Portuguese text published 1940. Ms . 4358
  59. Jollye G. Typescript of his poems unpublished before his death in 1950 in Macao. Ms.4359
  60. Wong, Po-Shang. A talk given at the Contemporary China Seminar University of Hong Kong entitled 'The influx of Chinese capital into Hong Kong since 1937'. Ms.4360
  61. Gouvea, Alexandre de Bp. Documents regarding relations with China and instructions given to the Bishop of Peking Dom Alexandre de Gouvea in 1783, by Martinho de Mello e Castro, Prime Minister, Lisbon. Ms.4361
  62. Macao. 0 Macaista Imparcial. Typescript from newspaper 0 Macaista Imparcial Macao 9/6/1836 - 4/7/1838, together with a photograph of its first edition Vol.1 no.1. Ms.4362
  63. Gouvea, Alexandre de Bp. Photographs of correspondence 1783-84 from the Bishop of Pelang at Macao. Ms.4363
  64. Macao. Procurator. Correspondence between the Procurator of Macao and the Mandarins of China 1801-1831. Ms.4364
  65. Hainan Catholic Mission. Photographs of a description in English of Hainan Cemetery. Author unknown, 1892. Ms.4365
  66. Tai Seng Cong-si Company. Transcript of the establishment of the company 5/12/1917. Capital is not declared. Purpose to produce and sell opium authorised by Govt. of Macao. Ms.4366
  67. Saldanha, Manoel de. Typescript of document describing the Embassy of Manoel de Saldanha to China by Father Francisco Pimentel 1667-70 from the Ajuda Library Codice 49. 1 vol.62 pp. 715-732 published by Boxer and Braga, Macao 1942. Ms.4367
  68. Magalliaes, J. Dr. Report prepared by Dr Magalliaes, Colonial Secretary in Macao for the League of Nations Commission 1930-31. Ms.4368
  69. Montalto de. Jesus, C.A. Heavily annotated copy of Historic Macao, international traits in China old and new. 2nd ed. Macao 1926. Ms.4369
  70. Maloney, 1785-1871. Photocopies of Maloneys memoirs relating to period in China. Original in India Office Library. Ms.4370
  71. Braga, J.P. Unpublished book Native Banks, their formation and their functions considered in relation to the economic crisis in Hong Kong 1925. Ms.4371
  72. Bernades Brance Manoel, 1832-1900. Typescript of Portugal e os estrangeiros, Lisbon 1879. Ms.4372
  73. Bianchi, Joao A. de. Typescript of the original of the treaty between Portugal and China signed Nanking 19/12/28 by Bianchi who was Ambassador. Ms.4373
  74. Gama, Luiz da. Transcript of diaries written between 1661 and 1671 describing conditions at Macao and now lost. Ms.4374
  75. Sampaio Carlos Dr. Translation of Report on traffic in women and children presented at the Conference of Bandoeng, 1937. Ms.4375
  76. Figueiredo, Antonio Jose de. Typescript of Primaira embaixadra do Japas a Europa e Lisboa em 1584. Since published in book form by Fr. B. Videira Pires and J.M. Braga, Macao 1961. Ms.4376
  77. Santos, Alfredo R dos. Typescript of secret document published 1922 by the Macao government entitled Governo da provincia de Macao Breme memoria documentada acerca da soberania e jurisdicao Portugesa nas oguas do porto interior de Macao. Ms.4377
  78. Menseart, George Father comp. Photographs of papers of the Fondo Mission Vatican secret Archives Catalogue compiled by Father George Menseart O.F.M. 1952. Ms.4378
  79. Menseart, George, Father comp. Photographs of documents relating to the Far East compiled by Father Menseart from the Casanatense Library, Santa Maria Sov Minerva, Rome. Documents date from 1636-1741. Ms.4379
  80. Braga, J.P. memorandum on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange with observations and suggestions by the father of J.M. Braga, 1926. Ms.4380
  81. Braga, J.M. List of Portuguese voyages to Japan 1624-43 and Governors of Macao 1615-1940. Note on voyages to Japan 1550. Ms.4381
  82. Pinto, Fernao Mendes. Typescript of letter by Pinto written to the Jesuit Priests at Goa 20/11/1555 copied from the Royal Academy of Science, Lisbon. Ms.4382
  83. Britto, Mateuse de. Typescript of information given by Britto. prisoner in China for 6 years. In Codex of letters from Jesuits in Royal Academy of Science, Lisbon. Vol.1 page 249. Ms.4383
  84. Lemos, Romao de. Typescript of letter containing instructions to Lemos sent to control the voyages to Japan together with supplementary documents issued by King of Portugal, 22-24 April 1637. Ms.4384
  85. Freire, Diogo Vas. Typescript of letter to Freire sent to administer the Royal Exchequer services in business with Japan, 20 April 1640. Ms.4385
  86. Sequeira, Andre de. Typescript from letter in Goa Archives of instructions given to Sequeira commander of 2 Galliots sent to Macao 6 May 1643. Ms.4386
  87. Bocarro, Travares Manoel. Typescript of letter in Goa Archives from Bocarro regarding trade and conditions at Macao and Moluccas 10 February 1664. Ms.4387
  88. Coutinho, Diogo. Typescript of letter in Goa Archives with instructions to Coutinho from the King of Portugal and various supplementary documents. Ms.4388
  89. Gago, Balthazar. Typescript of letter in the Ajuda Library written by Gago in 1562 giving information about China supplied by Amaro Pereira, prisoner in Canton for 14 years. Ms.4389
  90. Portugal, King of. Typescript of letter in Ajuda Library, Lisbon from the King to the Vice Roy of India, 13 January 1699. Ms.4390
  91. Typescript of a letter in the Ajuda Library, Lisbon reporting on the progress of missionary work in the Vice Province of the Portuguese Jesuit Mission in China, 1699. Ms.4391
  92. Quadros, Jeromino. Typescript of an article written at Goa in October 1925 on the East India Company. Ms.4392
  93. Julius II Pope. Typescript of a letter held in the National Archives of Portugal from the Pope to the King of Castille, 17 December 1507. Ms.4393
  94. Pires, Tome. Typescript of letter to the King of Portugal from Pires at Malaca, 1513. Ms.4394
  95. Pires, Tome. Typescript of letter from Pires to Alfonso de Albuquergue, 9 January 1513. Ms.4395
  96. Portugal, King of. Typescript of letter to the King from Malaca 20 August 1518. Ms.4396
  97. Mello, Martin Alfonso de. Typescript of letter to the King of Portugal from Meilo dated Malaca. 28 September 1525. Ms.4397
  98. Mello, Martin Alfonso de. Typescript of letter to the King of Portugal from Mello, 14 November 1525. Ms.4398
  99. Calvo, Diogo. Typescript of letter to the King from Calvo, 17 January 1527. Ms.4399
  100. Galvao, Antonio. Typescript of letter to the Queen of Portugal from Galvao describing the products of the Moluccas, 1537. Ms.4400
  101. Melo, Simias de. Typescripts of letter from Melo to the King of Portugal from Malaca, 15 November 1545. Ms.4401
  102. Portugal, King of. Typescript of letter to the King from an unknown author about Franciscans going to China. Ms.4402
  103. Palha, Franciso.- Typescript of letter from Palha to the King of Portugal, 20 November 1548 on the subject of the Moluccas. Ms 4403
  104. Portugal, King of. Typescript of letter to the King regarding the Moluccas undated. Ms.4404
  105. Remiro, Alfonso. Typescript of a letter from Remiro, a prisoner in China doing business there in 1555 to an unknown. Ms.4405
  106. Heredia, Manuel Godhino de. Typescript of letters exchanged between the King of Portugal and the Vice Roy of India regarding proposals by Heredia for the discovery of a great land to the South (Australia) Letter held in National Archives of Portugal. Ms.4406
  107. Benemerito, A.N. Typescript of unpublished report held in Ateneo de Manila on the propagation of Mullberry, by means of grafting, 1924. Ms.4407
  108. Benemerito, A.N. Typescript of report held in Ateneo de Manila on the possibility of a dairy industry in the Philippines, 1923. Ms.4408
  109. Tanaka, General. Typescript of secret letter by Tanaka, Premier of Japan to the Emperor in 1927 concerning the conquest of Manchuria, Mongolia, China, USA and the world. Privately published in Shanghai 1937. Ms.4409
  110. China. Edict of Toleration. Typescript of article on the Edict granted by the Emperor of China 1692, permitting the preaching of Christianity in China. An account of the happy and invaluable benefits from the liberty to preach Christianity obtained from and issued by the Board of Rites in China in 1692. Ms.4410
  111. Macao. Dept. of Postal Telegraphic and Telephonic Services Manuscripts of documents from the department1869-1932 with 2 pages of newspaper cuttings regarding the postal service. Ms.4411
  112. Leal de Castro, Don Felix. Photograph of 26 page book by man who probably never existed. Possibly a name used by the Jesuits to set forth their point of view in the disputes promoted by Cardinal Tournon in China. The Jesuit General did not wish further controversy hoping that other orders would follow suit. When they did not, this book was printed from a wood block, probably at Macao. Ms. 4412
  113. Guimaraes, Alexandre da Silva. Photographs of letters by Guimaraes to the King of Portugal from Macao, 30 December 1777. Ms.4413
  114. Chinese in Macao. Photographs of letters written 1664-68 giving accounts of the almost daily trouble caused by the Chinese against the city of Macao followed by letters from the Bishop of Macao to Father Luis Lefebuire and letters by ex-Jesuits Simonelli and Lefebuire. Ms.4414
  115. Montanha, Jose Father. Apparatus de historico de Bispado de Macao. Photographs of 295 pages compiled from source material, the originals of which no longer exist. Father Montanha assisted by Brother John Alvares and six assistants transcribed from documents the papers now known as The Jesuitas na Asia. Friar Joseph de Jesus Marie wrote Asia Sinica e Japonica. The Apparatus is a history of the church in Macao. Ms.4415
  116. Gouvea, Alexandre da. Photographs of a list of astronomical instruments taken to Peking by Don Alexandre da Gouvea, 1783. Ms.4416
  117. Sampaio, Francisco X. P. de. Photographs from an account in the Ajuda Library, Lisbon of the Embassy of 1752 to China by Francis Xavier Pachaco de Sampaio. Ms.4417
  118. Pedro, Adriano. Photographs of the notes in the Ajuda Library, Lisbon on the missions to China, 1693. Ms.4418
  119. Leinia, Isadore. Photographs of the annual letter written at the College of Macao regarding the missions in China. Ms.4419
  120. Missions in China and Macao. Photographs of report in the Ajuda Library giving the tragic account of the most notable happenings in the missions in China and the City of Macao during the period 1706-1707. Ms.4420
  121. Victory of Portuguese against Dutch in Macao, 1622. Photograph of the.account in the Ajuda Library of the victory on 24 December 1622, translated from a report sent by the visitor of the Jesuits in those parts to the priests in the College in Madrid. Published by Antonio Noguerra Barrocas, dealer in books, Madrid 1623. Ms.4421
  122. Eastern India fortresses. Photographs of an account in the Ajuda Library, Lisbon of the countries and fortresses in Eastern India and their domain and values, together with an account of the cities and fortresses in the Indies and the kings in neighbouring places in time of war and peace, Goa 12 December 1571. Ms.4422
  123. John III, King of Portugal. Photographs of an agreement and contract between King John III of Portugal and King Carlos V of Spain regarding the Moluccas, 22 April 1529 at Zarajassa, and letter confirming approving and ratifying the contract regarding the Moluccas, 1530 at Lisbon. Ms.4423
  124. Phillip IV, King of Spain. Photographs of correspondence addressed to King Phillip asking him to stop sending missionaries to Japan, 1628 and letters 1628-1698 regarding conditions at Macao. Ms.4424
  125. Gouvea Alexandre de, Bp. Photographs of true account of the persecutions against Christianity in the Empire of China which took place in 1784 by Bishop of Peking. Ms.4425
  126. Magellan, Ferdinand. Voyage. Photographs of a 5 page account of the voyage, date not identified but early 15th century. Ms.4426
  127. Phillip IV, King of Spain. Photographs of information in the Ajuda Library regarding the might of King Phillip in Eastern India 28 June 1627 with reviews of the fortress Bassein and a letter of Dom Francisco de Almeida, Vice Roy of India, 1508. Ms.4427
  128. Gabiani, John Domingoes, Father. Photographs of a 6 page letter from Gabiani, 5 January 1689. Letter incomplete. Ms.4428
  129. Camara Couttinho, Antonio Luis G. Photographs of a 14 page letter from the King to Camara Couttinho, Vice Roy of India, March 1698 regarding Portugal's possession including a report on Trade at Macao and other places with particulars of customs revenues from 1692-1698 (incomplete). Ms.4429
  130. Portugal, King of. Photographs of letter to King regarding the Bishopric of China, 1699. Ms.4430
  131. Photographs of report held in the Ajuda Library, Lisbon on conditions of the missions in China for the year 1776 including the cost of the Portuguese College at Peking and other miscellaneous documents. Ms.4431
  132. Photographs of papers in the Ajuda Library, Lisbon regarding the abundant success in the Portuguese Vice Province of China effected through the help given by the Crown of Portugal, 1699. Ms.4432
  133. Photographs of papers in the Ajuda Library, Lisbon concerning trade between the Philippines and Macao and prohibiting the friars from coming into China disturbing trade between Philippines and Macao, not dated. Ms 4433
  134. Photographs of papers in the Ajuda Library, Lisbon of trade instructions, lists of merchanise and instructions to prevent smuggling of snuff. Ms.4434
  135. Hodenph, C.F.G. Photographs of an article by Hodenph at Delph, May 1905 and account in English of the attack by the Spanish Armada in 1555 on the English. Ms.4435
  136. Rocadas, Jose Augustus. Photographs of letter dated 2 September 1908 to an unnamed friend in Lisbon regarding Macao problems which he as governor would have to tackle. Ms.4436
  137. Photographs of cartoons, Chinese drawings printed in colour showing the war between the French and the Chinese, presumably 1860. The Chinese were defeated in this war but they alleged that the French suffered heavy losses and were even defeated. Expert Chinese propaganda. Ms.4437
  138. Castner, C. Photographs of a 2 page proposal made to the King of Portugal for voyages in the direction of Macao, dated 17 February 1703, signed by Father Francisco Noel and C. Castner. Ms.4438
  139. Relacion de La Vito. Photographs of a 2 page document in the Boxer Collection giving an account of the repulse of the Dutch invasion of Macao on 24 June 1622. Ms.4439
  140. Jesuitas na Asia - Siam. Transcripts of documents in the Ajuda Library and the National Library of Portugal relating to Siam. Ms . 4440
  141. Feetham, Judge. Typescript of report giving extracts from the North China Daily News, the Hong Kong Telegraph and the Japan Advertiser, together with a brief summary of Vol.11 of the report by Mr Justice Feetham of South Africa to the Shanghai Municipal Council on the status of the settlement of Shanghai. Ms.4441
  142. Vespucci, Americo. Typescript of letters and documents illustrative of his career translated with notes by Clements R. Markham, London Hakluyt Society, 1894. Ms. 4442
  143. Vasconcellos, Ernesto de. Typescript of catalogue of the Lisbon Geographical Society for the National Cartographic Exposition, 1903. Ms.4443
  144. Marques, Jose Luiz. Typescript of papers from the Macao Colonial Secretariat containing a short memorandum with documents regarding Portugal’s sovereignty over the waters in the inner port of Macao 1922. Restricted. Ms.4444
  145. Transcript of list of letters held in Academy of Science, Lisbon written by the Jesuits in various places entitled Letters from Japan, 168 letters, 1544-1569. letters originally kept in the Jesuit College, Evora containing the very earliest information from the places of origin. Copies of the letters also held in Ajuda Library, National Archives of Portugal and National Library of Portugal. Ms.4445
  146. Ajuda Library, Lisbon. Copy of list of 384 titles of letters sent from many places in Asia to many destinations including Portugal and Rome containing descriptions of places and activities 1541-1562. Originals sent from Jesuit House, Lisbon to the Ajuda Library. Another set from Jesuit House, Evora sent to the Academy of Sciences in Lisbon. A third collection was sent from Jesuit House, Coimbra to the National Library of Lisbon, Dept. of Foreign Affairs. Lisbon and the National Archives of Torre du Tombo. Ms.4446
  147. Archivo Nacional da Torre du Tombo, Lisbon. Notes made by Mr. Braga of documents in several collections of codices including a list of the collections, some covering Africa and India. Ms.4447
  148. Municipal Library, Evora. Transcript of miscellaneous documents noted in the Evora Municipal Library, some regarding Bishop Alexandre de Gouvea. Ms.4448
  149. Esperanca Bibliotica. Transcript of a few items of interest from the library of Visconde da Esperanca, Jose Bernando de Baronha Fragose Cardovil da Gama Lobo, containing 30,000 volumes purchased by the Portuguese government and housed in the Palace of Vila Vicosa. Ms.4449
  150. Coimbra University Library. Transcription of 4 pages of some items from the Library of Coimbra University, not yet catalogued. Ms.4450
  151. Braga Municipal Library. Transcriptions of a few items noticed in the library. Ms.4451
  152. Madrid. Archivo Historica Nacional. Transcription of items noted by J.M. Braga in Spain's most important collection of material. Ms.4452
  153. Madrid. Academy de Historia. Transcriptions of 18 pages of documents noted by J.M. Braga in the Academy of History, Madrid. Ms.4453
  154. Madrid Royal Palace. Documents noted by J.M. Braga in the Royal Palace Library. ' Ms.4454
  155. Franciscans. Pastrana. Items of interest noted by J.M. Braga in the Library of the Franciscan Headquarters at Pastrana near Madrid, together with various documents of the Franciscan order Minors, 1605-1836. Ms.4455
  156. Seville. Archivo de India. Transcripts of 8 pages of documents from the magnificent archives which contain an enormous collection of interesting documents. Ms.4456
  157. Simancas. National Archives of Spain. Notes on the Archives of Simancas, an old fortress used to house the National Archives which contain some extremely valuable material. Ms.4457
  158. Salamanca. Dominican Convent. An item noted by J.M. Braga in the Convent. Ms.4458
  159. Lisbon. Arquivo Historico Ultramino. One folder of notes on the Archives, some of great importance to the history of Macao, many referring to Bishop Alexandre de Gouvea. Consists of summaries of contents of documents, 1706-1741. Ms.4459
  160. Lisbon. Bibloteca Nacional. One folder of notes made on various occasions by J.M. Braga on the content of the library including Father Luis de Gama's original diary and documents thought to have survived the fire of 1885 in Macao. Ms.4460
  161. Lisbon Geographical Society. Notes on documents of interest made by J.M. Braga. Ms.4461
  162. Lisbon. Biblioteca Academy of Science. Notes on documents of interest by J.M. Braga. Ms.4462
  163. Vatican Library, Rome. Notes made by J.M. Braga concerning the collection. Ms.4463
  164. Propaganda Fide Archives, Rome. Notes made by J.M. Braga on the collection. Ms.4464
  165. Casanatense Biblioteca, Rome. Notes on documents of interest to J.M. Braga from the library which is attached to Santa Maria Sob Minerva. Ms.4465
  166. Victor Emmanuel Biblioteca. Two items noted by J.M. Braga. Ms.4466
  167. Civezza Collection, Rome. One item noted by J.M. Braga from the Dominicans Civezza Collection. Ms.4467
  168. Vatican. Embassy of Spain. Notes on a few items in the collection of the Embassy, 1580-1782. Ms.4468
  169. St Francis a Ripa, Rome. Notes on some interesting documents held by J.M. Braga. Ms.4469
  170. Naples. Public Library Notes by J.M. Braga on a few items from this good collection. Ms.4470
  171. Paris. Society of Foreign Missions. Notes on a few documents in this enormous collection made by J.M. Braga. Ms.4471
  172. Paris. Bibliotheque National. Notes on one item by J.M. Braga from this magnificent collection. Ms.4472
  173. British Museum, London. Notes by J.M. Braga of a few items of interest, mostly unpublished. . Ms.4473
  174. Ajuda Library, Lisbon. Notes on documents in the Library made by J.M. Braga. Many items listed also appear in the catalogue of Jesuitas na Asia. Ms.4474
  175. Tournon, Abp. Transcript of list of Tournon's mission to China 1702-1708, compiled from various libraries. Ms.4475
  176. Messabarba, Abp. List of documents concerning Abp Messabarba's mission to China 1718. He was sent to save something from the chaos of Abp Tournon's mission. Ms.4476
  177. Macao. Convent of Santa Clara. List of documents to be found in several libraries regarding the Convent, 1630-1825. Ms.4477
  178. Peking Schism 1773-1782. List of items referring to the quarrel in Peking among the priests, 1773-1782, collected by J.M. Braga. Ms.4478
  179. Santa Rosa, Hilario de Bp. List of documents concerning Santa Rosa, Bishop of Macao 1739-1752, compiled by J.M. Braga. Ms.4479
  180. British Museum, London. Typescript .of documents from the British Museum collected and bound by J.M. Braga, Goa 1801-1804, India 1586-1692, laws statutes, instructions, proclamations and other orders sent to India from the date of the establishment. Ms.4480
  181. St Josephs Seminary. Notes in Portuguese and English by J.M. Braga with observations by Fr. M. Teixeira regarding the history of the institution with many scattered notes. Ms.4481
  182. Braga, J.M. Timor list of maps. List of maps of various places around Timor with an indication of their present whereabouts compiled in Portugal by J.M. Braga from various sources. Ms.4482
  183. Os Enviados Japoneses a Roma em 1582-1585. Typescript of a short article on a legation from the Japanese Christians to Rome in 1582-1585. Ms.4483
  184. Macao-Canton Railway Convention. Typescript of the wording of the agreement between the Portuguese and the Chinese for the building of a railway from Macao to Canton 1902. This was not implemented. Ms.4484
  185. Lisbon Ajuda Library. Transcript of Pontos do q me Alembrar 1579, an important diary by an anonymous Jesuit writer in Macao and Japan 1579-1618. Some of this material used by Boxer in works on Japan but basically unpublished. Old Portuguese in style but contains facts of absorbing interest. Ms.4485
  186. Evora. Public Library. Typescript of documents entitled Colleccao-de varios factos acontiados nesta mui nobre lidade de Macao pelo decurso dos annos, together with an instruction sent by Martinho de Melo e Castro, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Lisbon 1784 to the Governor of India regarding the carrying out of reforms in Macao with information for Bishop Alexandre de Gouvea, Bishop of Peking, regarding Macao "s news. Ms. 4486
  187. Si Tu, Stephen Ensehro. Copy of birth certificate, 5 January 1867 dated 1891, Macao. Ms.4487
  188. Macao History. Power of attorney for a greyhound meeting, Macao 1933. Ms.4488
  189. Muller and Clausens, Macao. Price list of commodities from the store, 21 March 1867. Ms.4489
  190. Medical prescriptions dated Canton, 30 May 1879. Ms.4490
  191. Soares, J. Dr. Typescript copy of article entitled Vesical calculus among Chinese, translated by J.M. Braga from the Portuguese original Ms.4491
  192. Costa, Peregrino da Dr. Draft of an article entitled An epidemio-logical and clinical study of a cerebrospinal meningitis epidemic at Macao, 1932. Translated from the Portuguese by J.M. Braga. Ms.4492
  193. Moriz, Vargas Dr. The control of leprosy in Macao, a paper submitted by Moriz at the conference in Shanghai 1937, translated from the Portuguese by J.M. Braga. Ms.4493
  194. Kruif, Paul de Dr. Translation by J.M. Braga from the Portuguese of Kruif's article Why should they go on dying? - discussing the little used cure for tuberculosis. Ms.4494
  195. Kruif, Paul de Dr. Turns from old Dr. Sun to science's latest development, young Dr. Heat. J.M. Braga translation. Ms.4495
  196. Blyth, Samuel G. Complicated China; typescript of article in Sat Evening Post, 14 February 1925. Ms.4496
  197. Braga, Jose M. Folder of miscellaneous articles on China and the Far East. Ms.4497
  198. Jesuits in Asia. These documents were copied from the Ajuda Library, Lisbon relating to the Jesuits in the Far East, mostly unpublished. Some used by Boxer, Murdoch, Schurhammer, Freitas, Braga and others in published works. Documents mostly in Portuguese but some in Latin. Spanish and French. A full list of the documents is available and a translation in typescript. Ms.4498

Appendix VI

Pictures in the Braga Collection; a descriptive list prepared by J.M. Braga of 160 of the 1000 pictures in his collection.

No. 1
George Smirnoff, a Russian painter, who painted a number of excellent water colours mainly, of Macao and a few of Hong Kong. He painted previously in Manchuria.
"To the Indies" depicts Portuguese naos setting out from Portugal. The nao was a development from the 15th century caravel and was the type of ship used by Vasco da Gama to sail on the voyage of discovery of India. The naos flourished mainly in the 16th century being displaced by more elaborate vessels after that.
The Portuguese ships carried the Cross of Christ on their sails.
Nos. 2, 4-15. 26-34
Vincente Pacia (1880-1940) - born in the Philippines, Pacia was probably an architect's assistant at one time, but he is known for two hundred or so water-colours of Macao, the earliest dated about 1900 and the last about 1939.
No. 16
George Chinnery - The Redoubt of St. Peter, Praia Grande, Macao. c.1830
George Chinnery (1774-1852) was an English painter who studied in Dublin. After exhibiting in Dublin he married an Irish girl, whose portrait may be seen in Dublin. Chinnery then went to London, where he seems to have been influenced by Millais, Gainsborough, etc. He had heard of opportunities in India and he went there "to get away from his wife", so he claimed. But he always provided for her. In India he painted many celebrities, including rajahs, and he left for Macao in 1825. Macao had become an important trade centre and Chinnery painted nearly everybody of consequence, including prominent Chinese merchants, principally British merchants - He also painted scenes and the sketches for his pictures may now be found all over the world, principally England and New England (U.S.A.), also in a number of libraries and museums.
This sketch shows, besides the Redoubt, in the left foreground, the Church of St. Francis, right background, the old St.Rose de Lima Convent, middle background, and the Fort of Our Lady of Hope, left background.
No.17
George Chinnery (1774-1852) - Self portrait, coloured pencil sketch, based on which the artist painted the picture which now hangs in the National Portrait Gallery, London.
Several self-portraits exist, mentioned in
BRA 1873 - Berry-Hill (H.&S.) - "Chinnery: Artist of the China Coast", Leigh-on-Sea, 1963.
for other references to Chinnery, see
BRA 1572 - Montalto de Jesus, "George Chinnery". Shanghai, 1926.
BRA 4037 - J.R. Jones, "Chinnery and his Times", Hong Kong (n.d.)
No. 19
Fausto Sampaio ( - 1959) Sampaio made a name for himself as a painter of Macao, Timor and other Portuguese overseas provinces. His pictures are now very much in demand for his are the only ones by a good Portuguese artist of many aspects of the places and peoples he painted. His style reminds one of the great Portuguese artist Malhoa and some of his pictures have perpetuated scenes of life now almost completely gone.
Note his treatment of light.
For biography see
BRA 2685 - "Fausto Sampaio: Pintor do ultramar portugues: Colectanea des Conferencias" - Lisboa, 194?
(Restoration needed)
No. 22
E.Hildebrandt( ? )
Scene of Praia Grande, Macao, 1863 - Looking north (water colour reproduction of chromolithograph).
At least 11 pictures by this artist are known to exist of Macao, Hong Kong and places in China (all about 1862-1865).
The picture shows the recently completed Cathedral with its two cupolas, subsequently destroyed by a typhoon in 1874.
No. 23
Navigator's Flag Chart - In the days when pirates were rampant in many places, the seas of China among them, it was necessary to recognize flags quickly, wars being also a factor.
Note the number of small states with flags: Hanover, Ragusa, Leghorn, Lubec, Salec, St. Domingo, Caracca, etc., etc.
This chart was acquired about 1820 from the elderly daughter (then about 80 years herself) of an old Portuguese sea-captain who died about 1900 aged nearly 90. His father before him had also been a sea-captain.
(Restoration needed)
No. 24
Entrance to the Pearl River - This sketch purports to give a perspective picture of the area where the Portuguese pioneers to China first arrived in 1513 and where they traded till 1521.
Baron von Reichman had some ability as a draughtsman. He was a political refugee in Macao in 1939-1941.
(Restoration needed)
No. 25
World's Leaders Gambling (Ma-jong) for high stakes.
A political sheet issued by the Kuo-Min-Tang Party, showing that China wins in a game against Britain, Russia and Japan, supported by world leaders.
(Restoration needed)
No. 37
Superstitions of the Middle Ages. These superstitions tended to hamper voyages and exploration. They are touched upon by:
BRA 2331 - M. Chagas, "Os Descobrimentos Portuguezes e os de Colombo", Lisbon, 1902. and consist, among other superstitions, of:
the Norsemen, Centaurs, Dragons, Unicorns, Triceratops, Wolves, Huns, Griffins, Tigers, Salamanders, Bats out of Hell, Mammoths, Cannibals, Sirens, Sea-monsters, The edge of the world. Wild men of the sea, Sea Serpents. Neptune, Heat of hell which melted the caulking of ships.
No. 38
Christopher the Gama, at Gondar, Abyssinia. Early in the 16th century the Portuguese received a call for help from the Abyssinians, which had been attacked by the Arabs. With an expeditionary force of about 550 men, and cannon with ammunition, the Portuguese landed at Massawa, marching overland several hundreds of miles through mountainous territory until they met and finally routed the Arabs.
Christopher was the son of Vasco da Gama, and he died at Gondar, his followers carrying on after he had fallen.
See:
BRA 2097 - C. Rey, "The Romance of the Portuguese in Abyssinia".
No. 39
Prince Henry the Navigator studied navigation scientifically, developing nautical instruments, mapping unknown seas, producing sailing directions, evolving new technigues in ship building, sails, storage of supplies, etc. and writing down a host of information.
Before his time ships had a single sail (Egyptian, Scandanavian, Hansa and early Portuguese). The Caravel was perfected by Prince Henry and the Nao evolved later, with the Cross of Christ on the sails.
The explorers were instructed to spread Christianity.
The coats of arms of the principal Portuguese families that helped are indicated in the border of the composite picture, with the insignias of the 4 Portuguese orders of knighthood.
No. 42
Marciano Baptista (1826-1896) - was a young Portuguese who took lessons in painting from George Chinnery. He was not keen on oils and he copied Chinnery's technique in water colours, but adding considerable detail. Very few of Baptista's water colours have survived but some are in the Macao Museum and some in the City Hall, Hong Kong. Many unfinished.
Baptista made a living as a photographer and by painting the scenery for the Dramatic Society shows in Hong Kong.
No. 46
Commodore Anson, in the "Centurian" captured the "Nuestra Senhora de la Covadonga" off the Philippines, conveying the prize to Macao and selling her.
The artist has taken many liberties with the picture - Not having, in England, a suitable picture of Macao, the artist used as model a Dutch 17th century picture, leading to many inaccuracies.
See:
BRA 371 - Anson (G.) "A Voyage round the world compiled by R. Walter", London, 1748.
No. 47
J. Webber was the artist in Cook's Third Voyage - On the way home the ships called at Macao, where Webber painted a number of pictures, two of which were printed and published.
See King's account of the Third Voyage, Vol.III Chapter XI.
No. 49
This steel engraving by Duche de Vaucy, who accompanied La Perouse, was drawn when the expedition visited Macao where experiments in terrestrial magnetism were carried out.
At Macao, La Perouse took on several seamen to replace men who had died. Two of these and the chaplain died, subsequently, at Botany Bay, N.S.W. and were buried there.
The picture shows, in the foreground, the platform leading to the Franciscan Church (not shown in the picture). In the background (from right to left), Monte Fort (with flag), the front is part, of the Church of the Mother of God, the Cathedral (a big building) and further left the Church of St. Augustine, with a big bell tower, and then the Church of St. Lawrence with two belfries flanking the pediment of the church. On the hill at the extreme left is the Church of Penha and below it the Fort of Nossa Senhora de Born Parto.
No. 53
Macao in 1640 (reconstitution), in water colour.
Painted in 1940 to show what Macao looked like in 1640 (as explained by J.M. Braga) showing the most important buildings in Macao at the time.
The city walls, which had been built from 1630 to 1640 (approximately) also the forts of (left to right): Penha Redoubt with its chapel, on the hill; with Fort of Nossa Senhora do Born Parto, at the foot of the wall. The Fort of San Francisco is shown (in the centre) at the northern end of Praia Grande, and towering over it and the city the Citadel of San Paulo do Monte. To the right, on Guia Hill, is the little Fort of Nossa Senhora de Guia.
Bis Lappa Island is seen in the background, with the stretch of the Inner Harbour between it and the City of Macao.
The Portuguese ships are out of proportion as regards size.
No. 54
Macao in 1640 (reconstitution), in watercolour.
Painted in 1940, the picture shows Macao viewed from Lappa Island (not shown in the picture)' with the Inner Harbour in the foreground.
From right to left, may be seen:
The Fortress of San Tiago (as the southern extremity). The Redoubt of Penha with its little chapel, on the top of the hill, with a section of the city wail. The Churches of St.Lawrence; the Agostinhan Convent; and then, the Cathedral. The city wail rises from the Garden of Camoens to the Citadel of San Paulo do Monte. The wall then runs on to the Redoubt of San Jeronymo. The little Fort of Guia is on the top of the hill.
No. 55
Macao in 1640 (pen and ink drawing by Vicente Pacia).
Reconstitution of what Macao might have looked like in 1640. Note the Portuguese ships (out of proportion as regards size).
Published in C.R. Boxer's "Macao na Epoca da Restauracao" published in 1941.
No. 57
Fort of San Paulo do Monte.
This fort was built originally by the Jesuit priests in the early part of the 17th century. It was taken over by the Portuguese in about 1624 (by Governor Dom Francisco Mascarenhas) and then added to until it became a citadel.
It has been changed over the years and is now not used as a fortress, but as a military curiosity. The guns in the embrasures are quite old.
No. 58
Praia Grande (literally "Large Bay") is a fine esplanade in Macao. Note (right foreground) evidences of the fine buildings erected in Macao by the gentry.
No. 59
Macao, the city, seen from the south, looking north west. The original from which this was painted was positively by an unknown Chinese artist, using the Western medium. It was in the possession of Dr. Liu Yuk-iin and was in a terrible condition.
Most of the buildings shown are no longer in existence, but it is interesting to notice the "upper storey" in some of the big buildings, very comfortable in hot weather.
No. 60
Church of Our Lady of Hope, Macao.
First founded in 1569 it was built to serve a leprosarium with which it was connected. After the leprosarium was removed the church served what was almost completely a part of the Chinese section of the Community. Because of its one-time association with the lepers, the church has the 'popular' name of St. Lazarus.
No. 61
Macao Cathedral by Vicente Pacia.
The old cathedral was build some time in the 16th century, and was the Head of the Diocese which included, in those days, China, Japan and Indo-China etc. The diocese was progressively cut down, and now covers little more than Macao itself.
The original building was of mortar although the frontispiece is still of Macao granite. The mortar was been replaced with a cement rough surface.
No. 63
Church of St. Dominic, Macao by V. Pacia - was first built late in the 16th century as a wooden chapel (it is still known among the Chinese as the pan-chong-min) being subsequently rebuilt, taking the Iberian characteristics probably early in the 17th century.
No. 64
Monument commemorating the repulse of the Dutch attack on Macao in 1622. The monument was erected only in 1872.
The site has been changed somewhat since the picture was painted and the setting has been altered a little.
No. 65
Ship-breaking by Paul Potter (Hong Kong).
Ship-breaking, the breaking up of old steel ships has become an important industry in Hong Kong, and the artist - using the modern medium - has given his impression of this.
No. 67
Temple of the goddess A-Ma, in Macao.
The name A-Ma gave its name, first of all, to the little port and to this was added the word kas (in Fukienese pronunciation), meaning port. Thus A-Ma-Kao. This led to the Portuguese name A-MA-CAO, and this appears in their early documents and the semi-official title of the new city was:
City of the Name of God of Amacao, in China. In some documents the Chinese word for port sounds like ugau. or even kok. The word kok is the Cantonese version of the character.
Note the influence of Chinnery (Baptista's teacher) in the figures and other features of the picture. (See picture No. 67)
No. 68
Macao's Inner Harbour by Marciano Baptista.
This picture is based, to some extent, on a similar one by Chinnery himself,
(See article by James Orange in ............)
No. 69
San Tiago (St. James) Fort, Macao by Marciano Baptista.
This fort built at the sourthern extremity of Macao guards the entrance to the Inner Harbour. Built shortly after the Repulse of the Netherlands in 1622 it still stands.
In 1911 a road was built round the outer rim of Macao and the bulwark of this fort no longer stands over the sea.
No. 70
Chinese indulging in game of chance by Marciano Baptista.
Note the Chinnery stance of the figures. This picture was probably drawn under the guidance of Chinnery.
Chinnery's sketch books are full of figures of Chinese indulging in a variety of occupations.
No. 71
Portuguese setting up a Padrao in China.
Drawn by Baron von Reichman to depict the operations needed to set up a big padrao. This stone column with the coat of arms of Portugal at the top was often little higher than a man but the large ones might have been twice that height, and the painter has pointed out that the setting up of such a big padrao (pronounced padrang) would have entailed considerable skill. The dress worn by the various members of the crew is shown, and the presence of a friar should be noted.
No. 72
St. Francis Xavier preaching to Portuguese sailors attempts to depict the enthusiasm with which the preacher entralled his hearers. The presence of Chinese onlookers shows that the scene is located in an island on the coast of China.
No. 73
The vision of St. Francis Xavier.
The artist. Baron von Reichman, a refugee in Macao (1939-1940) tries to depict St. Francis Xavier on Sanchuan Island, off the coast of China, longing to go to China to preach, and envisioning the Church of Christ rising above the temples and pagodas of China.
No. 74
Portuguese knight, emulating his predecessors of the Middle Ages, praying before setting out on his voyage to the far places of the world.
No. 75
The Pathfinder - Baron von Reichman attempts to depict a young Portuguese sailor (scion of a distinguished family, shown by the cross at his neck) standing before the mast of his ship, with the Cross of Christ on his sail, looking into the future.
No. 76
The Temple of Ama at Macao.
The diety Neang Ma (A_ma by popular acclaim) was a secondary spouse of the King of Heaven and the patroness of the sea-farer. She was revered particularly in Fukien Province, in China, and this leads scholars to believe that the temple was built by Fukienese sailors. A tradition holds that this goddess saved a junk from sinking and that the sailors erected the temple. A junk carved on a rock shows the kind of junk that was involved.
At certain times every year, Chinese sea farers pay homage to the goddess in the old temple at Macao.
No. 77
Temple of the goddess A-Ma, in Macao.
The artist shows the temple grounds, with the shrine of the goddess (on the left) and the more elaborate altar and temple (on the right). The temple on the right shows the Moon Gate, a particularly important characteristic of Chinese temple architecture.
No. 78
An officer from H.M. "Centurian" (Commodore Anson) went ashore on an island off the coast of China, where he was attacked and killed by Chinese.
(See Picture No. 46)
No. 79
Very few of the old residences at Macao remain. The artist shows a particularly attractive courtyard.
These residences built by the old gentry from the profits made from their trading ventures were large and airy.
No. 80
D'Aguilar Street, Hong Kong, in 1845.
E. Ashworth painted a number of pictures of Hong Kong and Macao (see Chafer Collection) and his descendants own a number which have never appeared in the market.
Major-General George D'Aguilar was Lieut-Governor of Hong Kong and the street named after him is in the centre of the city.
No. 81
This view of Praia Grande, Macao, is based on the one in "China in a Series of Views" by T. Allom and Dr. White.
Dr. White was in China with the British Expeditionary Force of 1840-1842 and he prepared the sketches which Allom and others developed into steel-engravings from the book mentioned.
The engravers improved on the original sketches and produced highly stylized engravings.
Our picture is a German version of the English original.
No. 82
View of Macao, based on sepia lithograph (from drawing by A. Boyet ). Boyet's picture appeared in his "Sketches of China and the Chinese", a collection of pictures first prepared from Boyet's originals drawn in China, Hong Kong and Macao (c.1838-1840).
Our reproduction by a French craftsman has exaggerated the original by Boyet and shows a funeral on the hills to the north of Macao, showing Guia Fort, on the left, the city extending southwards, and Monte Fort on the right.
No. 83
Island (possibly Whampoa Island) in the West River near Canton, by Marciano Baptista.
No. 84
Old Protestant Cemetery in Macao (founded 1821, closed to burials in about 1856. The chapel, restored in 1922, is still used for Christian worship).
This picture, bought in London in 1959, is of interest because it shows what the chapel used to look like before its restoration in 1922. (See J.M. Braga's "Tombstones in the Protestant Cemeteries in Macao")
The circumstances connected with the opening of this Cemetery are of historical interest. Up to 1821 Protestants could not be buried in the churchyards within Macao and they were buried outside the city walls. In 1821 Mary Morrison, wife of Robert Morrison, the pioneer Protestant missionary, died and the Portuguese decided to break the old rule, so that the English East India Co. bought a piece of land and this was dedicated as the new cemetery.
No. 85
The Catholic Cemetery of St. Michael the Archangel, in Macao (now the Municipal Cemetery).
The artist, George Smirnoff, has painted the Chapel with, in the foreground, the tomb of Mr. J.P. Braga.
Mr. Smirnoff wished to express his thanks to Mr. J.M. Braga for helping him and his family as refugees from Hong Kong and gave him the oil painting of Portuguese naos bound for the Indies and the present watercolour picture. (Smirnoff's tribute is in an envelope affixed to the present picture).
No. 86
The Seminary of St. Joseph was founded in Macao in the middle of the 18th century, to provide instruction for priests of the Missions in China. Founded by the Jesuits it was taken over by the Ecclesiastical Authorities early in the 19th century and has been the Seminary for priests not only in China but also Singapore and Timor, until very recently.
No. 87
By G. Smirnoff.
Part of the Cloisters of St. Joseph's Seminary, showing a little of the cupola of the Seminary Church of the same name.
No. 88
Macao, by G. Smirnoff, showing Praia Grande Bay looking southwards. The church of the Franciscan Convent of St. Rose de Lima may be seen in the foreground, the tree lined road of the Bay, and standing on the eminence known as Penha Hill, the Church of Our Lady of Penha (after a similar hill in Lisbon).
No. 89
Macao Passage in the Canton River by George Robert West in 1847. George Robert West visited Hong Kong, Canton and Macao and painted a few pictures of these three places. At least three were reproduced lithographically.
The picture shows foreign boats (six-oared gigs) racing in the placid river, with foreign men and women (right foreground) watching the race from Chinese houseboats, very popular in summer. A paddle-wheel steamer on the left. Two schooners in the middle background.
No. 90
Macao, 1847.
George Robert West is known to have painted a number of pictures of Hong Kong, Macao (1847) and Canton, and that reproduced lithographically of Macao shows that he was more careful of the detail than, say, George Chinnery, and the present picture preserves a wealth of detail of old Macao of houses nearly of which have been replaced during the last century, All the important houses are shown and although he seems to have made a few mistakes these were not serious and the resulting picture of Macao in 1847 is probably the best that has been preserved for us.
No. 91
Penha Church, Macao, is not in a good position to have a good picture made of it but the artist, an incompetent amateur, has furnished a lot of detail of this picturesque church.
James Wong claimed to be a painter but has not done any responsible work.
No. 92
The Church of St. Dominic is the one in Macao which bears the stamp of an Iberian architect. This is to be expected of a church built by the Dominican Order. These friars were expelled in 1834 (in common with friars of all the order) from Portugal and the overseas provinces, and the Church handed over to the Ecclesiastical Authorities, and a confraternity of the laity, who have preserved the original characterists of the building.
The artist, though a poor one, has given us a lot of interesting detail in this picture.
No. 93
St. Joseph's Seminary Church by James Wong shows, by the insignia above the main entrance that this structure was built by the Jesuits. And although they were dispossessed of this and other property their insignia IHS was permitted to remain.
One of the recent bishops had the building completely replastered so this present picture is of value because it preserves the old form and rendering which is no longer to be seen.
No. 94
Church of the Convent of St. Rose de Lima, Macao, is a relatively new building, completed about 1935 on the site of an older structure. The Convent, built by the Poor Claires (Franciscan Order) early in the 17th century was maintained by the community until the Religious Orders were expelled from Portugal and all its Provinces in 1834. The old Convent was used as a barracks but returned, late in the 19th century, to the nuns. They were expelled again, in 1911 when Portugal became a republic, but were invited to take up the teaching of girls again in about 1830. Since then they have done very good work among the girls in Macao.
No. 95
Monument to Vasco da Gama, Macao by James Wong.
This monument was erected in Macao, in 1898, to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the discovery by Vasco da Gama of the sea-route between Europe and India.
No. 96
The Guia Port in Macao was built as a small redoubt but was expanded after the repulse of the Dutch in 1622. The Chapel was erected in Macao's early days. The Lighthouse was built in the second half of the 19th century, one of the earliest on the China coast.
Owing to its location it is difficult to obtain a good idea of the details of this old Fort. which has recently been changed quite a lot. The only merit of this picture is the preservation of some of the old details.
No. 97
The Church of the Seminary College of St. Joseph in Macao was built at the same time as the Seminary. The artist has preserved for us some of the details of this Jesuit structure, since lost in the recent resurfacing of the building. Note the Jesuit mark at the top of the structure. See study by M. Hugo-Brunt.
No. 98
The Augustinian friars erected their Convent at Macao early in the 16th century and although the old Convent has disappeared, having been demolished late in the 19th century, the old Church was taken over when the friars were expelled in 1834. It contains a number of interesting tomb-stones and several religious ceremonials are preserved.
During World War II, this church was used to a great extent by Portuguese and other Catholic refugees from Hong Kong, Macao being spared Japanese occupation.
No. 99
The Church of the Mother of God (which the words: MATER DEI, over the lintel of the main entrance, attests) is commonly called St. Paul's.
This is because the Jesuits, in Asia, were like St.Paul, going forth to preach the Gospel.
The details of this frontispiece should be noted.
James Wong painted this picture at Mr Braga's request but, for some unexplained reason, the name of A.Dawood was inserted at the foot of the picture.
See M. Huqo-Brunt's study of the old Church.
No. 100
The Macao Cathedral was first erected in the 16th century, but the present building was built in the middle of the 19th century, designed by Mr Aquino The frontispiece is of granite and has been preserved from the original structure.
In 1935, approximately, the interior was recompletely rebuilt and after 1950 (or so) the exterior was treated with a sort of imitation granite made of cement and small gravel.
No. 101
G. Smirnoff's picture of the Macao Cathedral is a particularly fine one, for he has caught an interesting view of the Cathedral before its recent surface treatment.
To the right of the Cathedral is a glimse of the Bishop's office, and the old cross of the old churchyard (since built over) in the right foreground.
No. 102
When the Jesuit priests first arrived in China they retained their own dress, but after Father Ricci, of the Portuguese Mission, reached China he thought that by wearing the dress of the Chinese bonzes he would be respected. Chinese friends soon advised Father Ricci that the bonzes were often despised by the masses and suggested that he adopt a dress more like the robes of the Chinese mandarins.
The Jesuits adopted a dress like that shown in this picture, with a characteristic cap. The fan used by the priests is shown in the picture.
No. 103
When the Portuguese Mission sent Father Matthew Ricci to China in the 16th century he thought that he should wear the dress of a Chinese monk but he soon realized that Chinese monks were held in low esteem. A dress based on the Chinese mandarins' costume was then designed by the Jesuits for their priests in China.
The picture depicted as a European priest in China may be a European conception of what the Catholic costume was. It is difficult to tell whether the artist intended to depict a Jesuit or one of the friars of the other Catholic religious orders in China.
The European artist's conception of a mendicant bonze in China contains some of the trappings used by their men but is far from what the bonze's really looked like.
Early in the 19th century, Robert Morrison went to Macao as the first Protestant missionary and peculiarly enough he made the same mistake as Father Ricci.
No. 104
An unknown Italian artist has depicted a Chinese woman in bridal dress and a Chinese mandarin (civil costume).
No. 105
An Italian artist shows what a Manchu couple looked like. Note the tobacco pipe carried by the man.
Allowances must be made for a European artist's failure to depict exactly what the Manchus wore at the time.
No. 106
Man and woman of the peasant class in Kwangsi Province, in China.
No. 107
Two English ambassadors went to China, Lord Macartney in 1792 and Lord Amherst in 1816. Neither would kneel before the Emperor of China, and Lord Amherst was not even received by the Emperor.
The French seem to have insinuated that the English ambassadors did kneel before the Emperor and the picture shown would seem to show how the French regarded the embassy.
No. 108
An Italian artist tries to depict the Emperor of China in ceremonial robes. The Chinese used yellow as the imperial colour, as shown, but the artist had an erroneous idea of how the Chinese dressed.
No. 109
(Above) Walled city with its gate. Europeans describing China had mentioned the city walls and great gates and there are many pictures showing this.
Note the tall pagoda in the background.
This city seems to have been rather uncrowded, something quite unusual for a Chinese city. (Early 19th century).
(Below) The soldier on the left is a Manchu warrior of the higher ranks, whereas the soldier on the right ("Tiger" warrior) has been incorrectly depicted.. Tiger warriors had a short cloak of tigerskin worn with their usual military uniform.
No. 110
European artist's conception of a crowded street in Canton. There are, however, a few mistakes. The sedan chair shown is that used at that time in Europe: the Chinese chairs were carried on the bearers' shoulders. The gentleman shaded with a parasol would have been correctly depicted in, say, Goa (Portuguese India) and even Macao but not in Canton. A form of parasol would have been used for mandarins but these would not have been walking.
No. 111
The Peak of Lantao Island by T.S. Parry.
I know nothing more about the artist than the fact that he was the painter of a picture of Macao, reproduced from an aquatine in 1790, published in J. Orange's "The Chater Collection" on p. 304.
Lantao Island is a large island lying between Macao and Hong Kong, now forming part of the British Colony of Hong Kong. About 1790 this island was frequented by British and other foreign ships on their way to Canton for the trading season (October to March). The title of the picture goes on to add that it is "close to the entrance to the Bocca Tigris". This is an allusion to the entrance to the Canton River and called Fu Moon by the Chinese (meaning the Gate of the Tiger) whence the Portuguese Bocca do Tigre (which the English corrupted into Bocca Tigris, sometimes calling it "The Bogue"). Lantao Peak is over 2,000 ft. high.
No. 112
Chinese Procession in Macao is one of several pictures of Macao and places in China by a French artist named Lauvergne. From the artist's painting a man named Himely made the engraving.
The scene shows (about mid 19th century) a Chinese procession - of the kind to placate the gods in times of stress such as drought or pestilence - with which Macao has always been familiar.
The procession is entering the A-Ma Temple, monks (i.e., bonzes) making up the rear. Except for the monks the colours worn by those taking part can be called unusual, and were probably added by some artist in France not familiar with the local conditions. Note the careful detail of the stone parapet.
The temple shown in the picture may still be seen in Macao (that is up to 1969).
Nos. 113 to 117
by Charles Hamilton Smith.
In 1954, Bernard Quaritch, Ltd. of Grafton Street, London offered (Catalogue No. 735) a collection of 65 watercolours by this artist. They called him "a talented artist". Two of the pictures offered, Quaritch No.18 and 19, are in the Braga Collection, our No.113 and 114. Also in the Braga Collection are three other Macao pictures, lithographs printed in London (two dated 1840).
It would appear that Charles Hamilton Smith visited the Far East on two or three different occasions, once before 1840 and once after 1860, as reference to the Quaritch list would indicate. Quaritch limit themselves to a reference to the watermark on the paper, the earliest 1817 and the last 1849. Since many of the places painted in China and Japan were not accessible to foreigners until 1860 this would lead one to assume that the artist visited the Far East then.
Our No. 113 shows Macao viewed from Penha Hill, looking North, showing Praia Grande on the right and the Inner Harbour on the left. Some of the salient landmarks are shown: The fort and monastry of St. Francis (at northern end of Praia Grande); Guia Fort and Chapel on the hill overlooking the Outer Reach; Monte Citadel in the middle of the city. A few houses indicate the city.
Our No. 114 shows the Grotto of Camoens (Englishese for Camoes). This original picture is the only one I have seen with the Grotto as shown, that is, rising abruptly from the surrounding garden. Based on this we see a similar picture in Allom & Wright's "Views of China" showing the Grotto as sketched here.
Our No.115 is entitled "Macao and Monte Fort".
The artist seems to have drawn this from Guia Hill, showing the Citadel of Monte standing over the city, with its old city wall extending downwards protecting the city of Macao from invaders. The Fort and Wall were built after the repulse of the Dutch in 1622. In the right foreground may be seen the Chapel of Our Lady, of Hope, to serve the lepers in the leprosarium attached it to and in the right background the residence of the Marques Pereira family, rented to the old English East India Company. On the left beyond the city may be seen the masts of trading ships and beyond the Inner Harbour the high hills of Chinese Lappa Island. It is good to note that outside the city wall there were residences of Chinese who traded with the Portuguese and supplied them with servants.
Our No.116 is entitled "Macao". It shows a small part of the city looking eastwards from the sloped of Monte Hill. The picture shows (from left to right), the Convent of Santa Clara (now renamed St.Rose de Lima Convent), then the Church of the Franciscan Friars. Below it (with the Portuguese flag) the San Francisco Fort. Beyond that may be seen the passage between Taipa Island and Dom John Island. Note that the picture was lithographed in London in 1840.
Our No.117 is called "View of Macao from the Monte Port near St. Paul's Church". On the left is the Outer Harbour with a glimpse of the waters of Praia Grande, with Dom John Island in the background. The Hermitage of Penha on Penha Hill with the Church of the Augustinian Friars. To the right of that the cupola of St. Joseph's Seminary Church. The masts of trading ships in the Inner Harbour. St.Paul's Church is not shown and was the common name for the ruin of the old Jesuit Church named in honour of the Mother of God.
It would be interesting to record here the list of pictures mentioned in the Quaritch catalogue (the dates indicate watermarks):-
1. Hong Kong (1849)
2. Boatwomen at Hong Kong (1845)
3. The Harbour at Hong Kong from the Garden at Green Bank