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1821
February
3
Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Brisbane is commissioned as Governor to succeed Macquarie

14 Commissioner Bigge returns to Britain

17 A new, self-contained Female Factory at Parramatta opens for 200 convicts

March
4 A stage coach begins operating between Sydney and Richmond

17 Captain Francis Allman and a party of soldiers and convicts sail from Sydney in the Prince Regent and Lady Nelson to found a penal settlement at Port Macquarie, New South Wales

April
Charles Throsby explores the Murrumbidgee River

May
1 Australia's first periodical, the Australian Magazine, begins publication

26 Phillip Parker King leaves on his final survey voyage to the west coast of Australia

30 Macquarie, on a visit to Van Diemen's Land, selects the site of Perth, then Campbell Town (31 May), Ross (2 June), Oatlands (3 June) and Brighton (4 June)

August
Twenty-six prisoners are condemned to death in Sydney, and nineteen are executed

October
29 Macquarie lays the foundation stone of St Mary's Chapel (Cathedral) in Sydney, the first Catholic church built in Australia

November
7 Sir Thomas Brisbane arrives in Sydney to take over from Macquarie as Governor

December
1 Brisbane is sworn in as Governor

Lieutenant Robert Johnston examines the Clyde River, New South Wales