Go to National Library of Australia Home PageNational Library of Australia Online

SEARCH:

APPENDIX 5
Select Reading List on Persistent Identifiers and Naming Schemes

1. General – Digital libraries and architecture

Engelbart, Douglas C. Knowledge-Domain Interoperability and an Open Hyperdocument System, June 1990 (AUGMENT,132082,)
http://www.bootstrap.org/augdocs/augment-132082.htm

Arms, William. Key Concepts in the Architecture of the Digital Library in D-Lib Magazine, July 1995
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/July95/07arms.html

Kahn, Robert and Wilensky, Robert. A framework for distributed digital object services. May, 1995.
http://www.CNRI.Reston.VA.US/home/cstr/arch/k-w.html

Sollins, Karen R. and Jeffrey R. Van Dyke. Linking in a Global Information Architecture
http://www.w3.org/Conferences/WWW4/Papers/193/

2. General naming issues

Causton, Laurie. Identifying and describing Web resources. (European Commission DGXIII/E-4)
[2004 update: items on this site (www.elpub.org) are no longer available for download. Requests for specific docs can be sent to the webmaster at webmaster@elpub.org]

Green, Brian. Unique Identifiers: a brief introduction / by Brian Green and Mark Bide (undated, probably 1997)
http://www.bic.org.uk/uniquid.html

Miller, James S. W3C and Digital Libraries. In D-Lib Magazine, November 1996.
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november96/11miller.html

Payette, Sandra. Persistent Identifiers on the Digital Terrain / by Sandra Payette in RLG Diginews Vol. 2, no. 2 (April 15, 1998) ISSN 1093-5371
http://www.rlg.org/preserv/diginews/diginews22.html#Identifiers

Powell, Andy. Unique identifiers in a digital world. in Ariadne, Issue 8 (9 April 1997)
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue8/unique-identifiers

Requirements for an Identification Scheme for BIBLINK May 1977 in BIBLINK - LB 4034, Section D2.1 Identification
http://hosted.ukoln.ac.uk/biblink/wp2/d2.1/doc0004.htm

Van der Werf-Davelaar, Titia. Identification, location and versioning of web-resources URI Discussion paper. DONOR 1999
http://www.kb.nl/coop/donor/rapporten/URI.html

3. Citation linking

Atkins, Helen. Reference Linking with DOIs: a Case Study / Atkins et al. in D-Lib Magazine, February 2000
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february00/02risher.html

Caplan, Priscilla and Flecker, D. Choosing the Appropriate Copy . Caplan & D. Flecker. Digital Library Federation Architecture Committee. September 1999
http://www.niso.org/news/reports/DLFarch.html

CrossRef - the central source for reference linking
http://www.crossref.org/

Doyle, Mark. Citing and Linking in Electronic Scholarly Publishing: a Pragmatic Approach / Mark Doyle. American Physical Society, [1999?]
http://www.bth.se/elpub99/ap.nsf/0/e7afb3280e8bfe47c12566ff0037b4f8/$FILE/51-59.pdf

Flecker, Dale. Citation - E-Journal Links from the (Academic) Library Viewpoint : a presentation to the NISO/NFAIS/SSP Linking Workshop 11 February 1999, Washington, DC
http://www.niso.org//presentations/flecker.html

Hellman, Eric S. Scholarly Link Specification Framework S-Link-S Outline. Openly Informatics, Inc (March 20, 2001)
http://www.openly.com/SLinkS/SLinkS.html

Hitchcock, Steve. Towards Universal Linking for Electronic Journals / Steve Hitchcock et al. Open Journal Project in Serials Review, Vol. 24, No. 1 (Spring 1998) pp. 21-33.
http://journals.ecs.soton.ac.uk/IFIP-SerRev98.html

Integrating and navigating eprint archives through citation-linking. NSF / JISC - eLib Collaborative Project: International Digital Libraries Research Programme
http://www.princeton.edu/~harnad/citation.html

Paskin, Norman. E-Citations: actionable identifiers and scholarly referencing. Version 1.2, December 17, 1999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1000/170

The Scholarly Link Specification Framework, S-Link-S Home page
http://www.openly.com/SLinkS/

4. Naming systems – general issues

Information Object Numbering Systems (IONS) (JTAP report 42), Division of Learning Development De Monfort University
http://www.jtap.ac.uk/reports/htm/jtap-042.html#_Toc454868885

Library of Congress Network Development and MARC Standards Office. Naming Conventions for Digital Resources / prepared by Rebecca Guenther
http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/naming.html

Naming and linking strategy RLG Digital Collections Project Studies in Scarlet Project
http://www.rlg.org/scarlet/. [2004 update: Information page only is still available at this address]

Paskin, Norman. Information Identifiers / by Norman Paskin (Originally published in Learned publishing, Vol. 10 No. 2, (April 1997) pp 135-156 )
http://www.elsevier.com/inca/homepage/about/infoident/Menu.shtml

The Relationship between URNs, Handles, and PURLs. Library of Congress National Digital Library Program 1997.
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/award/docs/PURL-handle.html

Universal Document Naming Systems: Links
http://elib.cs.sfu.ca/USIN/naming.html

5. Specific naming schemes

5.1 Handles

see publications/papers etc at http://www.handle.net/index.html

Library of Congress, NDLP (National Digital Library Program) Internal documentation. Handle Server: Overview
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/award/docs/handle-server.html

Library of Congress, NDLP (National Digital Library Program) Internal documentation. A global system of Handle Servers.
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/award/docs/h-s3.html

Library of Congress, NDLP (National Digital Library Program) Internal documentation. More on handles and naming authorities.
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/award/docs/h-s2.html

[See also the descriptions of DOI’s use of the Handle system by Norman Paskin.]

5.2 DOI

About the DOI system. IDF April 2001
http://www.doi.org/about_the_doi.html

Bide, Mark. In Search of the Unicorn: the Digital Object Identifier from a User Perspective 1998 (British Library Research and Innovation Report; 89).
http://www.bic.org.uk/unicorn2.pdf

Davidson, Lloyd A. Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems for Scholarly Publishing / by Lloyd A. Davidson and Kimberly Douglas in Journal of Electronic Publishing, Volume 4, Issue 2 (Dec. 1998) ISSN 1080-2711
http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/04-02/davidson.html

DOI Deployment IDF Discussion paper:
http://www.doi.org/deployment2.pdf

DOI Home page
http://www.doi.org/

Erickson, John S. The DOI and Rights Management: Tying Up Loose Ends. in Trialogue No. 11, Summer 1999.
[2004 update: Trialogue not available]

The INDECS metadata framework : principles, model and data dictionary, June 2000 / Godfrey Rust, Mark Bide
http://www.indecs.org/pdf/schema.pdf

Lynch, Clifford, Identifiers and Their Role in Networked Information Applications in ARL: A Bimonthly newsletter of research library issues and actions. No. 194 (October 13, 1997)

Arms, William. Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) and Clifford Lynch's five questions on identifiers / by William Y. Arms, Corporation for National Research Initiatives in ARL: A Bimonthly newsletter of research library issues and actions. No. 194 (October 13, 1997)

Miller, Paul. I am a name and a number : with JISC joining the International DOI Foundation, explores the use of systems such as the Digital Object Identifier. In Ariadne, Issue 24, Jun-2000
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk /issue24/metadata/

National Information Standards Organization (US). Syntax for the Digital Object Identifier : an American national standard developed by the National Information Standards Organization. Bethesda : NISO, 2000. ISBN 1-880124-47-5. ANSI/NISO Z39.84-2000

Paskin, Norman. The DOI Handbook. Version 1.0.0 February 2001 [doi:10.1000/186]

International DOI Foundation
http://www.doi.org/handbook_2000/index.html

Paskin, Norman. Digital Object Identifier : implementing a standard digital identifier as the key to effective rights management. April 2000
http://www.doi.org/doi_presentations/aprilpaper.pdf

Paskin, Norman. DOI: Current Status and Outlook in D-Lib Magazine May 1999
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may99/05paskin.html

Paskin, Norman. Position paper for W3C Workshop on Digital Rights Management for the Web (22/23 January, 2000)
http://www.doi.org/2000/12/drm-ws/pp/doi-paskin.html

Paskin, Norman. From one to many : the next stage in DOI functionality / Norman

Paskin (DOI) and Laurence Lannom (CNRI) August 2000
http://dx.doi.org/10.1000/190/

Powell, Andy. Resolving DOI Based URNs Using Squid in D-Lib Magazine, June 1998 ISSN: 1082-9873
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/dlib/june98/06powell.html

Requirements for DOI-Based Applications and Services: A DOI Discussion Paper: Revised January 30, 1998
http://www.doi.org/topics/Erickson-Services/DOIServices_jse98.htm

Rosenblatt, Bill. The digital object identifier: solving the dilemma of Copyright protection online / by Bill Rosenblatt in Journal of Electronic Publishing Dec. 1997, Volume 3, Issue 2, ISSN 1080-2711

Rust, Godfrey. Metadata: the Right Approach. An Integrated Model for Descriptive and Rights Metadata in E-commerce in D-Lib Magazine July/August 1998
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july98/rust/07rust.html

5.3 PURL

Introduction to Persistent Uniform Resource Locators / Keith Shafer, Stuart Weibel, Erik Jul, Jon Fausey OCLC, 1996
http://purl.oclc.org/OCLC/PURL/INET96

Persistent URL Home page
http://purl.oclc.org/

PURL Frequently Asked Questions
http://purl.oclc.org/OCLC/PURL/FAQ

5.4 OAI

The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting. 2.3. Unique identifiers - Document Version 2001-04-24
http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesprotocol.htm#Unique Identifier

6. Publishing Industry schemes

SICI

SICI : Serial Item and Contribution Identifier Standard. ANSI/NISO Z39.56-1996
http://www.niso.org/standards/standard_detail.cfm?std_id=530

BICI

Book Item and Component Identifier: BICI (Committee AP)/NISO
Draft standard at http://www.niso.org/pdfs/BICI-DS.pdf

PII

Publisher Item Identifier as a means of document identification. American Institute of Physics
[2004 update: no longer available]

Publisher Item Identifier Adopted. American Institute of Physics
[2004 update: no longer available]

7. International Standard Numbering Schemes

ISSN

ISSN International Centre. Information concerning the ISSN (International Standard Serial Number).
http://www.issn.org/

ISRN

International standard technical report number (ISRN) ISO 10444:1994
http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=18506

ISMN

International standard music number (ISMN) ISO 10957:1993
http://www.collectionscanada.ca/iso/tc46sc9/standard/10957e.htm

ISBN

International standard book numbering (ISBN) ISO 2108:1992
http://www.collectionscanada.ca/iso/tc46sc9/standard/2108e.htm

8. URI/URN

URI

Peacock, Ian. What is...a URI? in: Ariadne, Issue 18 (1998)
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue18/what-is/

RFC 2396 Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax. T. Berners-Lee R. Fielding L. Masinter (August 1998)
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt

RFC 1630 Uniform Resource Identifiers in WWW. T. Berners-Lee. (June 1994)
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1630.txt

RFC 1738 Uniform Resource Locators (URL) T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter, M. McCahill (December 1994)
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt

RFC 1736 Functional recommendations for Internet Resource Locators. J. Kunze (February 1995)
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1736.txt

RFC 2468 Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using the Domain Name System., Ron Daniel, M. Mealling (June 1997)
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2468.txt

RFC 2717 Registration Procedures for URL Scheme Names. R. Petke, I. King. (November 1999)
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2717.txt

RFC 2718 Guidelines for new URL Schemes. L. Masinter, H. Alvestrand, D. Zigmond, R. Petke, (November 1999)
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2718.txt

URN

Uniform Resource Names : A Progress Report / The URN Implementors. in D-Lib Magazine, February 1996.
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february96/02arms.html

Uniform Resource Names (URN) Working Group Charter:
http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/OLD/urn-charter.html

RFC 1737 Functional requirements for Uniform Resource Names. K. Sollins, L. Masinter (December 1994)
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1737.txt

RFC 2276 Architectural Principles for Uniform Resource Name Resolution. K. Sollins (January 1998)
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2276.txt

RFC 2141 URN Syntax. R. Moats (May 1997)
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2141.txt

RFC 2483 URI Resolution Services necessary for URN resolution. M. Mealling, Ron Daniel (January 1999)
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2483.txt

RFC 2611 URN Namespace definition mechanisms. L. Daigle, D. van Gulik, R. Iannella, P. Falstrom (June 1999)
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2611.txt

URN implementation in National Libraries Hakli, Esko; Hakala, Juha; Helsinki University Library 1998
http://linnea.helsinki.fi/urn/urnimp.html

Hakala, Juha. Uniform Resource Names In: Tietolinja News, 1/1999
http://hul.helsinki.fi/tietolinja/0199/urnart.html

URN/URI resolution

RFC 2168 Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using the Domain Name System (Experimental) June 1997 / R. Daniel and M. Mealling
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2168.txt

RFC 2169 A Trivial Convention for using HTTP in URN Resolution Experimental June 1997 / R. Daniel
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2169.txt

Note: The following two documents are Internet drafts, and there is no guarantee that they will continue to exist beyond the expiry date.[2004 update: these items no longer accessible.]

Mealling, Michael. Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) Internet-Draft, February 8, 2001 (Expires: August 9, 2001)
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-urn-ddds-04.txt

Mealling, Michael. URI Resolution using the Dynamic Delegation Discovery System Internet-Draft, February 8, 2001 (Expires: August 9, 2001)
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-urn-uri-res-ddds-03.txt

NBN

Hakala, Juha. Using National Bibliography Numbers as Uniform Resource Names Internet-Oct 2001
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3188.txt

Hakala, Juha URN implementation in national libraries
[2004 update: no longer accessible]

URN Namespace ID Registration for the National Bibliography Number (NBN)

9. IETF standardisation process

RFC: 2026. Bradner, S. The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 3 BCP: 9. October 1996
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt

10. Organisations

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
http://www.icann.org/

Internet Engineering Task Force
http://www.ietf.org/overview.html

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
http://www.w3.org/

11. Mailing lists

Discuss-DOI: The DOI Mailing List
http://www.doi.org/mailman/listinfo/discuss-doi

Archives of uri@w3.org Mail Archives
http://lists.W3.org/Archives/Public/uri

Archives of xml-uri@w3.org Mail Archives
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/xml-uri/

Archives of urn-ietf@lists.netsol.com
http://LISTS.NETSOL.COM/archives/urn-ietf.html

12. Persistence

Web Pages Must Live Forever. Jakob Nielsen's Alertbox for November 29, 1998:
http://www.useit.com/alertbox/981129.html

Cool URIs don't change / W3C
http://www.w3.org/Provider/Style/URI

13. Open URLs

Metadata OpenURL demonstrator. UKOLN
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/openurl/

NISO Creates OpenURL Standard Committee NISO, March 2001
http://www.niso.org/news/releases/PR-OpenURL.html

Open Name Services OCLC
http://names.oclc.org/openurl/

Powell, Andy. Encoding OpenURLs in Dublin Core metadata / Andy Powell and Ann Apps. in: Ariadne, Issue 27 (23-Mar-2001)
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue27/metadata/

Van de Sompel, Open URL syntax description / Herbert Van de Sompel; Patrick Hochstenbach; Oren Beit-Arie .
http://www.sfxit.com/openurl/openurl.html [2005 note: no longer accessible]

page last updated 24 Jan 2007 : broken links removed

Return to Table of Contents
About This Site | Copyright | Privacy | Accessibility | Site Map | Site Search | Content A-Z | Contact Us