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008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS (NR)
Forty character positions (00-39) that contain positionally-defined data elements that provide coded information about the record as a whole or about special aspects of the 1XX heading or 4XX/5XX tracing fields. Undefined character positions contain either a blank (#) or a fill character ( | ). Each defined character position must contain either a defined code or a fill character. The fill character may be used (in certain character positions) when a cataloging organization makes no attempt to code the character position. Field 008 is not repeatable.
Character positions
- 00-05 - Date entered on file
The computer-generated six-character numeric string that indicates the date the MARC record was created. The date is recorded in the pattern yymmdd. - 06 - Direct or indirect geographic subdivision
Indicates whether the 1XX heading may be subdivided geographically when used as a subject heading and if so the method of subdivision used.- # - Not subdivided geographically
The heading may not be subdivided geographically.
- d - Subdivided geographically--direct
The heading may be followed immediately by the name of the specific place to which it is limited without the interposition of a subdivision for the larger geographic entity.
- i - Subdivided geographically--indirect
The name of the larger geographic entity is interposed between the heading and the subdivision for the specific place to which the heading is limited.
- n - Not applicable
Heading is unestablished or is an established heading that is not appropriate for use as a subject added entry in bibliographic records (008/15 code b).
- | - No attempt to code
- # - Not subdivided geographically
- 07 - Romanization scheme
Indicates whether the 1XX field contains the romanized form of the heading and if so identifies the romanization scheme used.- a - International standard
- b - National standard
- c - National library association standard
- d - National library or bibliographic agency standard
- e - Local standard
- f - Standard of unknown origin
- g - Conventional romanization or conventional form of name in language of cataloging agency
- n - Not applicable
The 1XX heading is not romanized.
- | - No attempt to code
- 08 - Language of catalog
Indicates whether the heading in the 1XX field and its associated reference structure are valid according to the rules used in establishing headings for English-language catalogs French-language catalogs or both.- # - No information provided
- b - English and French
- e - English only
- f - French only
- | - No attempt to code
- 09 - Kind of record
Indicates whether the record represents an established or unestablished 1XX heading.- a - Established heading
The 100-15X field contains an established name name/title uniform title topical term or one of these used in an extended subject heading.
- b - Untraced reference
The 100-15X field contains an unestablished heading that is not traced as a 4XX field in any established heading record. The reference record contains a 260 or 666 field.
- c - Traced reference
The 100-15X field contains an unestablished heading that is traced as a 4XX field in the record for each established heading referred to in fields 260 or 664.
- d - Subdivision
The 18X field contains an unestablished heading that may be used as a subject subdivision with an established heading.
- e - Node label
The 15X field contains an unestablished term that may be used in the systematic section of a thesaurus to indicate the logical basis on which a category is divided.
- f - Established heading and subdivision
The 15X field contains an established heading that may be used as a main term and as a subject subdivision.
- g - Reference and subdivision
The 15X field contains an unestablished heading that may be used as a reference term and as a subject subdivision.
- a - Established heading
- 10 - Descriptive cataloging rules
Identifies the descriptive cataloging rules used to formulate the 1XX name name/title or uniform title heading in established heading or reference records.- a - Earlier rules
The 1XX heading conforms to descriptive cataloging conventions used prior to the 1967 publication of Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR 1).
- b - AACR 1
The 1XX heading conforms to the 1967 Anglo-American Cataloging Rules.
- c - AACR 2
The 1XX heading conforms to the second edition of Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules.
- d - AACR 2 compatible heading
The 1XX heading does not follow but is considered compatible with AACR 2.
- n - Not applicable
The 1XX heading is not a name name/title or uniform title formulated according to descriptive cataloging conventions and is not appropriate for use as a main or added entry in bibliographic records.
- z - Other
The 1XX heading conforms to a set of descriptive cataloging conventions other than those specified by the other defined codes.
- | - No attempt to code
- a - Earlier rules
- 11 - Subject heading system/thesaurus
Identifies the subject heading system/thesaurus building conventions used to formulate the 1XX heading in established heading reference subdivision or node label records.- a - Library of Congress Subject Headings
The 1XX heading conforms to Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH).
- b - LC subject headings for children's literature
The 1XX heading conforms to the "AC Subject Headings" section of LCSH.
- c - Medical Subject Headings
The 1XX heading conforms to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).
- d - National Agricultural Library subject authority file
The 1 heading conforms to the NAL subject authority file.
- k - Canadian Subject Headings
The 1XX heading conforms to Canadian Subject Headings.
- n - Not applicable
The 1XX heading does not conform to a set of subject heading/thesaurus conventions and is not appropriate for use as a subject added entry in bibliographic records.
- r - Art and Architecture Thesaurus
The 1XX heading conforms to Art and Architecture Thesaurus.
- s - Sears List of Subject Headings
The 1XX heading conforms to Sears List of Subject Headings.
- v - Répertoire de vedettes-matière
The 1XX heading conforms to Répertoire de vedettes-matière.
- z - Other
The 1XX heading conforms to a set of subject heading system/thesaurus conventions other than those specified by the other defined codes. A MARC code for the conventions used may be contained in field 40
- | - No attempt to code
- a - Library of Congress Subject Headings
- 12 - Type of series
Indicates the type of series heading contained in the 1XX field in an established heading record.- a - Monographic series
The 1XX field contains a collective series heading that applies to a group of separate publications and/or subseries.
- b - Multipart item
The 1XX field contains a collective heading that applies to a multipart monographic publication.
- c - Series-like phrase
The 1XX field contains a phrase that is not being used as a series in a bibliographic record.
- n - Not applicable
Indicates that the 1 field does not represent a series or a series-like phrase and is not appropriate for use as a series added entry in bibliographic records.
- z - Other
The 1XX field contains a heading for a publication that does not fit any of the other defined codes but for which series-type treatment is required.
- | - No attempt to code
- a - Monographic series
- 13 - Numbered or unnumbered series
Indicates the numbering characteristics of the series (or series-like phrase) represented by the 1XX heading.- a - Numbered
- b - Unnumbered
- c - Numbering varies
- n - Not applicable
The 1XX heading is not a series heading (008/12 code n).
- | - No attempt to code
- 14 - Heading use--main or added entry
Indicates whether the 1XX heading is appropriate for use as a main or added entry in bibliographic records.- a - Appropriate
The 1XX heading in an established heading record conforms to descriptive cataloging conventions.
- b - Not appropriate
The 1XX heading in an established heading record does not conform to descriptive cataloging conventions or the 1XX field contains an unestablished heading in a reference subdivision or node label record.
- | - No attempt to code
- a - Appropriate
- 15 - Heading use--subject added entry
Indicates whether the 1XX heading is appropriate for use as a subject added entry in bibliographic records.- a - Appropriate
The 1XX heading in an established heading record conforms to subject heading system/thesaurus conventions.
- b - Not appropriate
The 1XX heading in an established heading record does not conform to subject heading system/thesaurus conventions or the 1 field contains an unestablished heading in a reference subdivision or node label record.
- | - No attempt to code
- a - Appropriate
- 16 - Heading use--series added entry
Indicates whether the 1XX heading is appropriate for use as a series added entry in bibliographic records.- a - Appropriate
The 1XX heading in an established heading record represents one of the types of series coded in 008/12 (code a b c or z).
- b - Not appropriate
The 1XX heading in an established heading record does not represent one of the types of series coded in 008/12 (code n) or the 1XX field contains an unestablished heading in a reference subdivision or node label record.
- | - No attempt to code
- a - Appropriate
- 17 - Type of subject subdivision
Indicates the type of subject subdivision heading contained in the 1XX field of a subdivision record an established heading and subdivision record or a reference and subdivision record.- a - Topical
- b - Form
- c - Chronological
- d - Geographic
- e - Language
- n - Not applicable
The 1XX heading is not a subject subdivision.
- | - No attempt to code
- 18-27 - Undefined character positions
Each contains a blank (#) or a fill character ( | ) - 28 - Type of government agency
Indicates whether the 1XX heading represents a government agency and if so the jurisdictional level of the agency.- # - Not a government agency
- a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component
- c - Multilocal
- f - Federal/national
- i - International intergovernmental
- l - Local
- m - Multistate
- o - Government agency--type undetermined
- s - State provincial territorial dependent etc.
- u - Unknown if heading is government agency
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 29 - Reference evaluation
Indicates whether the 4XX/5XX tracing fields in a record have been evaluated for consistency with the rules used to formulate the 1XX heading in the record.- a - Tracings are consistent with the heading
- b - Tracings are not necessarily consistent with the heading
- n - Not applicable
The record contains no 4XX/5XX tracing fields.
- | - No attempt to code
- 30 - Undefined character position
Contains a blank (#) or a fill character ( | ) - 31 - Record update in process
Indicates whether a change in any field in a record is being considered.- a - Record can be used
- b - Record is being updated
Alerts users to a potential change in a record and that it may not be advisable to use the 1XX heading in a bibliographic record.
- | - No attempt to code
- 32 - Undifferentiated personal name
Indicates whether a personal name heading contained in field 100 in an established heading record or a reference record is used by one person or by two or more persons.- a - Differentiated personal name
The name in field 100 is a unique name.
- b - Undifferentiated personal name
The name in field 100 is used by two or more persons.
- n - Not applicable
The 1XX heading is not a personal name or the personal name is a family name.
- | - No attempt to code
- a - Differentiated personal name
- 33 - Level of establishment
Indicates the extent to which the formulation of the 100-15X heading conforms to the descriptive cataloging rules coded in 008/10 and/or the subject heading system/thesaurus conventions coded in 008/11.- a - Fully established
- b - Memorandum
The 100-15X heading is fully established but has not been used in a bibliographic record. When the heading is used in a bibliographic record code b may be changed to code a or c.
- c - Provisional
The 100-15X heading cannot be formulated satisfactorily because of inadequate information. When the needed information is available code c may be changed to code a.
- d - Preliminary
The 100-15X heading is taken from a bibliographic record because the bibliographic item is not available at the time the heading is established. When a heading is used in a bibliographic record created from cataloging with an item in hand code d may be changed to code a.
- n - Not applicable
The 1XX field contains an unestablished heading in a reference subdivision reference and subdivision or node label record.
- | - No attempt to code
- 34-37 - Undefined character positions
Each contains a blank (#) or a fill character ( | ) - 38 - Modified record
Indicates whether the record is modified from its intended content.- # - Not modified
- s - Shortened
Some of the data has been omitted because the record would have exceeded the maximum length allowed by a particular system.
- x - Missing characters
Characters that could not be converted into machine-readable form due to character set limitations are missing from the record.
- | - No attempt to code
- 39 - Cataloging source
Indicates the creator of an authority record. If the cataloging source is known it is identified in subfield $a of field 040 (Cataloging Source). The parties responsible for the MARC authority records are determined by the code in 008/39 and the MARC code(s) or names(s) in field 040.- # - National bibliographic agency
- c - Cooperative cataloging program
The creator of the authority data is a participant (other than a national bibliographic agency) in a cooperative cataloging program.
- d - Other
An organization that is other than a national bibliographic agency or a participant in a cooperative cataloging program.
- u - Unknown
The creator of the authority data is unknown. This code is used when an organization transcribe manual authority data from an unknown source.
- | - No attempt to code

