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MARC 21 Concise Bibliographic: Control Field 008
- 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION (NR)
- 008--ALL MATERIALS
- 008--BOOKS
- 008--COMPUTER FILES
- 008--MAPS
- 008--MUSIC
- 008--CONTINUING RESOURCES
- 008--VISUAL MATERIALS
- 008--MIXED MATERIALS
Information for Translators and Other Users
Items
highlighted in red indicate changes made after the
2003 edition of the MARC 21 Concise Formats was published and are
included in the 2004 printed edition of the MARC 21 Concise Formats.
008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION (NR)
This field contains 40 character positions (00-39) that provide coded information about the record as a whole and about special bibliographic aspects of the item being cataloged. These coded data elements are potentially useful for retrieval and data management purposes.
The data elements are positionally-defined. Character positions that are not defined contain a blank (#). All defined character positions must contain a defined code; for some field 008 positions, this may be the fill character (|). The fill character may be used (in certain character positions) when a cataloging organization makes no attempt to code the character position. The fill character is not allowed in field 008 positions 00-05 (Date entered on file). Its use is discouraged in positions 07-10 (Date 1), 15-17 (Place of publication, production, or execution), and the 008 position defined for Form of item (either position 23 or 29 depending upon the 008 configuration).
Character positions 00-17 and 35-39 are defined the same across all types of material, with special consideration for position 06. The definition of character positions 18-34 was done independently for each type of material, although certain data elements are defined the same in the specifications for more than one type of material. When similar data elements are defined for inclusion in field 008 for different types of material, they occupy the same field 008 character positions.
In the following documentation, character positions are described in the order of their listing at the beginning of this section. Field 008 positions 00-17 and 35-39 (All materials) for all types of material are described first, followed by seven groups of sections for positions 18-34 (Books, Computer files, Maps, Music, Continuing resources, Visual materials and Mixed materials).
008--ALL MATERIALS
Character Positions
- 00-05 - Date entered on file
The computer-generated, six-character numeric string that indicates the date the MARC record was created. The date is recorded in the pattern yymmdd. - 06 - Type of date/Publication status
A one-character code that indicates that categorizes the type of dates given in 008/07-10 (Date 1) and 008/11-14 (Date 2). For continuing resources, the code in 008/06 also indicates the publication status.
The choice of code for 008/06 is made concurrently with a determination of the appropriate dates for 008/07-14. For most records data is derived from information in field 260 (Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint)), field 362 (Dates of Publication and/or Sequential Designation), or from note fields.- b - No dates given; B.C. date involved
Each character position in fields 008/07-10 and 008/11-14 contains a blank (#).
- c - Continuing resource currently published
008/07-10 contain the beginning date of publication; 008/11-14 contain 9999.
- d - Continuing resource ceased publication
008/07-10 contain the beginning date of publication; 008/11-14 contain the ending date of publication.
- e - Detailed date
008/07-10 contain the year and 008/11-14 contain the month and day, recorded in the pattern mmdd.
- i - Inclusive dates of collection
- k - Range of years of bulk of collection
- m - Multiple dates
008/07-10 usually contain the beginning date and 008/11-14 the ending date.
- n - Dates unknown
Indicates that the dates appropriate for 008/07-10 and 008/11-14 are unknown (e.g., when no dates are given in field 260).
- p - Date of distribution/release/issue and production/recording session when different
- q - Questionable date
008/07-10 contain the earliest possible date; 008/11-14 contain the latest possible date.
- r - Reprint/reissue date and original date
008/07-10 contain the date of reproduction or reissue; 008/11-14 contain the date of the original, if known; 008/11-14 contain code u ("uuuu"), if unknown.
- s - Single known date/probable date
008/07-10 contain the date; 008/11-14 contain blanks (####).
- t - Publication date and copyright date
- u - Continuing resource status unknown
008/07-10 contain the beginning date of publication; 008/11-14 contain code u ("uuuu").
- | - No attempt to code
- b - No dates given; B.C. date involved
- 07-10 - Date 1
The determination of dates for 008/07-10 is made concurrently with the choice of code for 008/06 (Type of date/publication status). The use of fill characters in 008/07-10, although possible, is discouraged since the data in Date 1 is used for retrieval and duplicate detection in many systems. When fill is used in 008/07-10, all four positions must contain the fill character.- 1-9 - Date digit
- # - Date element is not applicable
- u - Date element is totally or partially unknown
- | - No attempt to code
- 11-14 - Date 2
The determination of dates for 008/11-14 is made concurrently with the choice of code for 008/06 (Type of date/publication status). When fill is used in 008/11-14, all four positions must contain the fill character.- 1-9 - Date digit
- # - Date element is not applicable
- u - Date element is totally or partially unknown
- | - No attempt to code
- 15-17 - Place of publication, production, or execution
A two- or three-character MARC code that indicates the place of publication, production, or execution. The place code is an authoritative-agency data element. The source of the code is MARC Code List for Countries . Choice of a MARC code is generally related to information in field 260 (Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint)). The code recorded in 008/15-17 is used in conjunction with field 044 (Country of Producer Code) when more than one code is appropriate to an item. The first code in subfield $a of field 044 is recorded in 008/15-17. Three fill characters (|||) may be used in place of a valid code, but their use in 008/15-17 is discouraged. The data in this field 008 data element is used for retrieval and duplicate detection in many systems. When fill is used in 008/15-17, all three positions must contain the fill character. - 35-37 - Language
A three-character MARC code that indicates the language of the item. The source of the code is MARC Code List for Languages . Choice of a MARC code is based on the predominant language of the item. Three fill characters (|||) may also be used if no attempt is made to code 008/35-37. - 38 - Modified record
A one-character code that indicates whether any data in a bibliographic record is a modification of information that appeared on the item being cataloged or that was intended to be included in the MARC record. Codes are assigned a priority (recorded in the order of the following list) that determines which code is input when more than one code applies to the item.- # - Not modified
- s - Shortened
Some of the data has been omitted because the record would have exceeded the maximum length allowed by a particular system.
- d - Dashed-on information omitted
- x - Missing characters
Characters that could not be converted into machine-readable form due to character set limitations are missing from the record.
- r - Completely romanized/printed cards in script
- o - Completely romanized/printed cards romanized
- | - No attempt to code
- 39 - Cataloging source
A one-character code that indicates the creator of the original cataloging record. If the cataloging source is known, it is identified in subfield $a of field 040 (Cataloging Source).- # - National bibliographic agency
- c - Cooperative cataloging program
The creator of the bibliographic data is a participant (other than a national bibliographic agency) in a cooperative cataloging program.
- d - Other
- u - Unknown
- | - No attempt to code
008--BOOKS
Character Positions
- 18-21 - Illustrations
Up to four one-character codes (recorded in alphabetical order) that indicate the presence of types of illustrations in the item. If fewer than four codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and each unused position contains a blank (#).- # - No illustrations
- a - Illustrations
- b - Maps
- c - Portraits
- d - Charts
- e - Plans
- f - Plates
- g - Music
- h - Facsimiles
- i - Coats of arms
- j - Genealogical tables
- k - Forms
- l - Samples
- m - Phonodisc, phonowire, etc.
- o - Photographs
- p - Illuminations
- | - No attempt to code
- 22 - Target audience
A one-character code that indicates the audience for which the item is intended.- # - Unknown or not specified
- a - Preschool
- b - Primary
- c - Pre-adolescent
- d - Adolescent
- e - Adult
- f - Specialized
- g - General
- j - Juvenile
- | - No attempt to code
- 23 - Form of item
A one-character code that indicates the form of material for the item.- # - None of the following
- a - Microfilm
- b - Microfiche
- c - Microopaque
- d - Large print
- f - Braille
- r - Regular print reproduction
Eye-readable print.
- s - Electronic
- | - No attempt to code
- 24-27 - Nature of contents
Up to four one-character codes (recorded in alphabetical order) that indicate whether a significant part of the item is or contains certain types of material. If fewer than four codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and each unused position contains a blank (#).- # - No specified nature of contents
- a - Abstracts/summaries
The item is or contains abstracts or summaries of other publications.
- b - Bibliographies
- c - Catalogs
- d - Dictionaries
This code is also used for a glossary or a gazetteer.
- e - Encyclopedias
- f - Handbooks
- g - Legal articles
- i - Indexes
The item is or contains an index to bibliographical material other than itself.
- j - Patent document
- k - Discographies
- l - Legislation
The item is or contains full or partial texts of enactments of legislative bodies or texts of rules and regulations issued by executive or administrative agencies.
- m - Theses
Indicates that the item is a thesis, dissertation, or work identified as having been created to satisfy the requirements for an academic certification or degree.
- n - Surveys of literature in a subject area
The item is or contains authored surveys that summarize what has been published about a subject.
- o - Reviews
The item is or contains critical reviews of published or performed works.
- p - Programmed texts
- q - Filmographies
- r - Directories
- s - Statistics
- t - Technical reports
- u - Standards/specifications
- v - Legal cases and case notes
- w - Law reports and digests
- z - Treaties
Indicates that the item is a treaty or accord negotiated between two or more parties to settle a disagreement, establish a relationship, grant rights, etc.
- | - No attempt to code
- 28 - Government publication
A one-character code that indicates whether the item is published or produced by or for a government agency, and, if so, the jurisdictional level of the agency.- # - Not a government publication
- a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component
- c - Multilocal
- f - Federal/national
- i - International intergovernmental
- l - Local
- m - Multistate
- o - Government publication--level undetermined
- s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc.
- u - Unknown if item is government publication
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 29 - Conference publication
A one-character code that indicates whether the item consists of the proceedings, reports, or summaries of a conference.- 0 - Not a conference publication
- 1 - Conference publication
- | - No attempt to code
- 30 - Festschrift
A one-character code that indicates whether the item is a festschrift.- 0 - Not a festschrift
- 1 - Festschrift
- | - No attempt to code
- 31 - Index
A one-character code that indicates whether the item includes an index to its own contents.- 0 - No index
- 1 - Index present
- | - No attempt to code
- 32 - Undefined
Contains a blank (#) or fill character (|) - 33 - Literary form
Indicates the literary form of an item. Numeric codes 0 and 1 provide a generic identification of whether or not the item is a work of fiction. Alphabetic codes may be used to identify specific literary forms.- 0 - Not fiction (not further specified)
- 1 - Fiction (not further specified)
- c - Comic strips
- d - Dramas
- e - Essays
- f - Novels
- h - Humor, satires, etc.
Indicates that the item is a humorous work, satire, or of a similar literary form.
- i - Letters
Indicates that the item is a single letter or collection of correspondence.
- j - Short stories
Indicates that the item is a short story or collection of short stories.
- m - Mixed forms
Indicates that the items represents a variety of literary forms (e.g., poetry and short stories).
- p - Poetry
- s - Speeches
- u - Unknown
- | - No attempt to code
- 34 - Biography
A one-character code that indicates whether the item contains biographical material, and, if so, what the biographical characteristics are.- # - No biographical material
- a - Autobiography
- b - Individual biography
- c - Collective biography
- d - Contains biographical information
- | - No attempt to code
008--COMPUTER FILES
Character Positions
- 18-21 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|) - 22 - Target audience
A one-character code that indicates the audience for which the item is intended.- # - Unknown or not specified
- a - Preschool
- b - Primary
- c - Pre-adolescent
- d - Adolescent
- e - Adult
- f - Specialized
- g - General
- j - Juvenile
- | - No attempt to code
- 23-25 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|) - 26 - Type of computer file
A one-character code that indicates the type of computer file described in the bibliographic record.- a - Numeric data
- b - Computer program
- c - Representational
Pictorial or graphic information that can be manipulated in conjunction with other types of files to produce graphic patterns that can be used to interpret and give meaning to the information.
- d - Document
- e - Bibliographic data
- f - Font
- g - Game
- h - Sound
- i - Interactive multimedia
- j - Online system or service
- m - Combination
- u - Unknown
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 27 - Undefined
Contains a blank (#) or fill character (|) - 28 - Government publication
A one-character code that indicates whether the computer file is published or produced by or for a government agency, and, if so, the jurisdictional level of the agency.- # - Not a government publication
- a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component
- c - Multilocal
- f - Federal/national
- i - International intergovernmental
- l - Local
- m - Multistate
- o - Government publication--level undetermined
- s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc.
- u - Unknown if item is government publication
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 29-34 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
008--MAPS
Character Positions
- 18-21 - Relief
Up to four one-character codes that indicate the relief type specified on the item. Codes are recorded in order of their importance to the described item. If fewer than four codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and each unused position contains a blank (#).- # - No relief shown
- a - Contours
- b - Shading
- c - Gradient and bathymetric tints
- d - Hachures
- e - Bathymetry/soundings
- f - Form lines
- g - Spot heights
- i - Pictorially
- j - Land forms
- k - Bathymetry/isolines
- m - Rock drawings
- z - Other relief type
- | - No attempt to code
- 22-23 - Projection
A two-character code that indicates the projection used in producing the item.- ## - Projection not specified
- aa - Aitoff
- ab - Gnomic
- ac - Lambert's azimuthal equal area
- ad - Orthographic
- ae - Azimuthal equidistant
- af - Stereographic
- ag - General vertical near-sided
- am - Modified stereographic for Alaska
- an - Chamberlin trimetric
- ap - Polar stereographic
- au - Azimuthal, specific type unknown
- az - Azimuthal, other
- ba - Gall
- bb - Goode's homolographic
- bc - Lambert's cylindrical equal area
- bd - Mercator
- be - Miller
- bf - Mollweide
- bg - Sinusoidal
- bh - Transverse Mercator
- bi - Gauss-Kruger
- bj - Equirectangular
- bo - Oblique Mercator
- br - Robinson
- bs - Space oblique Mercator
- bu - Cylindrical, specific type unknown
- bz - Cylindrical, other
- ca - Alber's equal area
- cb - Bonne
- cc - Lambert's conformal conic
- ce - Equidistant conic
- cp - Polyconic
- cu - Conic, specific type unknown
- cz - Conic, other
- da - Armadillo
- db - Butterfly
- dc - Eckert
- dd - Goode's homolosine
- de - Miller's bipolar oblique conformal conic
- df - Van Der Grinten
- dg - Dimaxion
- dh - Cordiform
- dl - Lambert conformal
- zz - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 24 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|) - 25 - Type of cartographic material
A one-character code that indicates the type of cartographic item described in the bibliographic record.- a - Single map
- b - Map series
A number of related but physically separate and bibliographically distinct cartographic units intended by the producer or issuing body to form a single group.
- c - Map serial
A cartographic publication issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely.
- d - Globe
- e - Atlas
- f - Separate map supplement to another work
- g - Map bound as part of another work
- u - Unknown
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 26-27 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|) - 28 - Government publication
A one-character code that indicates whether the item is published or produced by or for a government agency, and, if so, the jurisdictional level of the agency.- # - Not a government publication
- a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component
- c - Multilocal
- f - Federal/national
- i - International intergovernmental
- l - Local
- m - Multistate
- o - Government publication--level undetermined
- s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc.
- u - Unknown if item is government publication
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 29 - Form of item
A one-character code that indicates the form of material for the item.- # - None of the following
- a - Microfilm
- b - Microfiche
- c - Microopaque
- d - Large print
- f - Braille
- r - Regular print reproduction
Eye-readable print.
- s - Electronic
- | - No attempt to code
- 30 - Undefined
Contains a blank (#) or fill character (|) - 31 - Index
A one-character code that indicates whether the item or accompanying material includes a location index or gazetteer.- 0 - No index
- 1 - Index present
- | - No attempt to code
- 32 - Undefined
Contains a blank (#) or fill character (|) - 33-34 - Special format characteristics
Up to two one-character codes that indicate the special format characteristics of the map. Codes are recorded in order of their importance to the described item. If only one code is assigned, it is left justified and the unused position contains a blank (#).- # - No specified special format characteristics
- e - Manuscript
- j - Picture card, post card
- k - Calendar
- l - Puzzle
- n - Game
- o - Wall map
- p - Playing cards
- r - Loose-leaf
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
008--MUSIC
Character Positions
- 18-19 - Form of composition
A two-character code that indicates the form of composition. The codes are based on Library of Congress subject headings. If more than one code is appropriate, the code mu (Multiple forms) is used in 008/18-19 and all appropriate specific codes are given in field 047 (Form of Composition).- an - Anthems
- bd - Ballads
- bg - Bluegrass music
- bl - Blues
- bt - Ballets
- ca - Chaconnes
- cb - Chants, Other religions
- cc - Chant, Christian
- cg - Concerti grossi
- ch - Chorales
- cl - Chorale preludes
- cn - Canons and rounds
- co - Concertos
- cp - Chansons, polyphonic
- cr - Carols
- cs - Chance compositions
- ct - Cantatas
- cy - Country music
- cz - Canzonas
- df - Dance forms
Separate codes are defined for mazurkas, minuets, pavans, polonaises, and waltzes.
- dv - Divertimentos, serenades, cassations, divertissements, notturni
- fg - Fugues
- fm - Folk music
- ft - Fantasias
- gm - Gospel music
- hy - Hymns
- jz - Jazz
- mc - Musical revues and comedies
- md - Madrigals
- mi - Minuets
- mo - Motets
- mp - Motion picture music
- mr - Marches
- ms - Masses
- mu - Multiple forms
- mz - Mazurkas
- nc - Nocturnes
- nn - Not applicable
- op - Operas
- or - Oratorios
- ov - Overtures
- pg - Program music
- pm - Passion music
- po - Polonaises
- pp - Popular music
- pr - Preludes
- ps - Passacaglias
- pt - Part-songs
- pv - Pavans
- rc - Rock music
- rd - Rondos
- rg - Ragtime music
- ri - Ricercars
- rp - Rhapsodies
- rq - Requiems
- sd - Square dance music
- sg - Songs
- sn - Sonatas
- sp - Symphonic poems
- st - Studies and exercises
- su - Suites
- sy - Symphonies
- tc - Toccatas
- ts - Trio-sonatas
- uu - Unknown
- vr - Variations
- wz - Waltzes
- zz - Other
- || - No attempt to code
- 20 - Format of music
A one-character code that indicates the format of a musical composition.- a - Full score
- b - Full score, miniature or study size
- c - Accompaniment reduced for keyboard
- d - Voice score
- e - Condensed score or piano-conductor score
- g - Close score
- m - Multiple score formats
- n - Not applicable
- u - Unknown
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 21 - Music parts
- # - No parts in hand or not specified
- d - Instrumental and vocal parts
- e - Instrumental parts
- f - Vocal parts
- n - Not applicable
- u - Unknown
- | - No attempt to code
- 22 - Target audience
Indicates the audience for which the item is intended.- # - Unknown or not specified
- a - Preschool
- b - Primary
- c - Pre-adolescent
- d - Adolescent
- e - Adult
- f - Specialized
- g - General
- j - Juvenile
- | - No attempt to code
- 23 - Form of item
A one-character code that indicates the form of material for the item being described.- # - None of the following
- a - Microfilm
- b - Microfiche
- c - Microopaque
- d - Large print
- f - Braille
- r - Regular print reproduction
Eye-readable print.
- s - Electronic
- | - No attempt to code
- 24-29 - Accompanying matter
Up to six one-character codes (recorded in alphabetical order) that indicate the contents of program notes and other accompanying material for the sound recording, manuscript notated music, or notated music. If fewer than six codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and each unused position contains a blank (#).- # - No accompanying matter
- a - Discography
- b - Bibliography
- c - Thematic index
- d - Libretto or text
- e - Biography of composer or author
- f - Biography of performer or history of ensemble
- g - Technical and/or historical information on instruments
- h - Technical information on music
- i - Historical information
- k - Ethnological information
- r - Instructional materials
- s - Music
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 30-31 - Literary text for sound recordings
Up to two one-character codes (recorded in the order of the following list) that indicate the type of literary text contained in a nonmusical sound recording. If only one code is assigned, it is left justified and the unused position contains a blank (#).- # - Item is a musical sound recording
- a - Autobiography
- b - Biography
- c - Conference proceedings
- d - Drama
- e - Essays
- f - Fiction
- g - Reporting
- h - History
- i - Instruction
- j - Language instruction
- k - Comedy
- l - Lectures, speeches
- m - Memoirs
- n - Not applicable
- o - Folktales
- p - Poetry
- r - Rehearsals
- s - Sounds
- t - Interviews
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 32 - Undefined
Contains a blank (#) or fill character (|) - 33 - Transposition and arrangement
- # - Not arrangement or transposition or not specified
- a - Transposition
- b - Arrangement
- c - Both transposed and arranged
- n - Not applicable
- u - Unknown
- | - No attempt to code
- 34 - Undefined
Contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
008--CONTINUING RESOURCES
Character Positions
- 18 - Frequency
A one-character code that indicates the frequency of an item; used in conjunction with 008/19 (Regularity).- # - No determinable frequency
Frequency is intentionally irregular.
- a - Annual
- b - Bimonthly
Includes 6, 7, or 8 numbers a year.
- c - Semiweekly
- d - Daily
- e - Biweekly
- f - Semiannual
Includes 2 numbers a year.
- g - Biennial
- h - Triennial
- i - Three times a week
- j - Three times a month
- k - Continuously updated
- m - Monthly
Includes 9, 10, 11, or 12 numbers a year.
- q - Quarterly
Includes 4 numbers a year.
- s - Semimonthly
- t - Three times a year
- u - Unknown
- w - Weekly
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- # - No determinable frequency
- 19 - Regularity
A one-character code that indicates the intended regularity of an item; used in conjunction with 008/18 (Frequency).- n - Normalized irregular
Predictable irregularity pattern.
- r - Regular
- u - Unknown
- x - Completely irregular
The frequency is known to be intentionally irregular (008/18, code #) or the frequency is expressed on the item as numbers per year.
- | - No attempt to code
- n - Normalized irregular
- 20 - Undefined
Contains a blank (#) or fill character (|) - 21 - Type of continuing resource
A one-character code that indicates the type of continuing resource.- # - None of the following
This code is also used for yearbooks and annual reports.
- d - Updating database
- l - Updating loose-leaf
- m - Monographic series
- n - Newspaper
- p - Periodical
- w - Updating Web site
- | - No attempt to code
- # - None of the following
- 22 - Form of original item
A one-character code that indicates the form of material in which an item was originally published.- # - None of the following
- a - Microfilm
- b - Microfiche
- c - Microopaque
- d - Large print
- e - Newspaper format
- f - Braille
- s - Electronic
- 23 - Form of item
A one-character code that indicates the form of material for the item being described.- # - None of the following
- a - Microfilm
- b - Microfiche
- c - Microopaque
- d - Large print
- f - Braille
- r - Regular print reproduction
Eye-readable print.
- s - Electronic
- | - No attempt to code
- 24 - Nature of entire work
A one-character code that indicates the nature of an item if it consists entirely of a certain type of material. If more than one code is applicable, 008/24 contains a blank (#) and up to three codes may be recorded in 008/25-27 (Nature of contents).- # - No specified nature of entire work
- a - Abstracts/summaries
The item consists of abstracts or summaries of other publications.
- b - Bibliographies
- c - Catalogs
- d - Dictionaries
This code is also used for a glossary or a gazetteer.
- e - Encyclopedias
- f - Handbooks
- g - Legal articles
- h - Biography
- i - Indexes
The item consists of an index to bibliographical material other than itself.
- k - Discographies
- l - Legislation
The item consists of full or partial texts of enactments of legislative bodies or texts of rules and regulations issued by executive or administrative agencies.
- m - Theses
Indicates that the item is a thesis, dissertation, or work identified as having been created to satisfy the requirements for an academic certification or degree.
- n - Surveys of literature in a subject area
The item is or contains authored surveys that summarize what has been published about a subject.
- o - Reviews
The item consists of critical reviews of published or performed works.
- p - Programmed texts
- q - Filmographies
- r - Directories
- s - Statistics
- t - Technical reports
- u - Standards/specifications
- v - Legal cases and case notes
- w - Law reports and digests
- z - Treaties
Indicates that the item is a treaty or accord negotiated between two or more parties to settle a disagreement, establish a relationship, grant rights, etc.
- | - No attempt to code
- 25-27 - Nature of contents
Up to three one-character codes (recorded in alphabetical order) that indicate that a work contains certain types of materials. If fewer than three codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and each unused position contains a blank (#).- # - No specified nature of contents
- a - Abstracts/summaries
The item consists of abstracts or summaries of other publications.
- b - Bibliographies
- c - Catalogs
- d - Dictionaries
This code is also used for a glossary or a gazetteer.
- e - Encyclopedias
- f - Handbooks
- g - Legal articles
- h - Biography
- i - Indexes
The item consists of an index to bibliographical material other than itself.
- k - Discographies
- l - Legislation
The item consists of full or partial texts of enactments of legislative bodies or texts of rules and regulations issued by executive or administrative agencies.
- m - Theses
Indicates that the item is a thesis, dissertation, or work identified as having been created to satisfy the requirements for an academic certification or degree.
- n - Surveys of literature in a subject area
The item is or contains authored surveys that summarize what has been published about a subject
- o - Reviews
The item consists of critical reviews of published or performed works.
- p - Programmed texts
- q - Filmographies
- r - Directories
- s - Statistics
- t - Technical reports
- u - Standards/specifications
- v - Legal cases and case notes
- w - Law reports and digests
- z - Treaties
Indicates that the item is a treaty or accord negotiated between two or more parties to settle a disagreement, establish a relationship, grant rights, etc.
- | - No attempt to code
- 28 - Government publication
A one-character code that indicates whether an item is published or produced by or for a government agency, and, if so, the jurisdictional level of the agency.- # - Not a government publication
- a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component
- c - Multilocal
- f - Federal/national
- i - International intergovernmental
- l - Local
- m - Multistate
- o - Government publication--level undetermined
- s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc.
- u - Unknown if item is government publication
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 29 - Conference publication
A one-character code that indicates whether an item consists of the proceedings, reports, or summaries of a conference.- 0 - Not a conference publication
- 1 - Conference publication
- | - No attempt to code
- 30-32 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|) - 33 - Original alphabet or script of title
A one-character code that indicates the original alphabet or script of the language of the title on the source item upon which the key title (field 222) is based.- # - No alphabet or script given/no key title
This code may relate to the title proper in field 245 when no key title is present.
- a - Basic Roman
Includes no diacritics or special characters.
- b - Extended Roman
Includes diacritics and special characters.
- c - Cyrillic
- d - Japanese
- e - Chinese
- f - Arabic
- g - Greek
- h - Hebrew
- i - Thai
- j - Devanagari
- k - Korean
- l - Tamil
- u - Unknown
- z - Other
Includes instances of a title that incorporates words from more than one alphabet or script.
- | - No attempt to code
- # - No alphabet or script given/no key title
- 34 - Entry convention
A one-character code that indicates whether an item was cataloged according to successive entry, latest entry or integrated entry cataloging conventions.- 0 - Successive entry
A new bibliographic record is created each time a title changes or a corporate body used as a main entry or uniform title qualifier changes. The earlier or later title or author/title is recorded in a linking 780/785 field in each record.
- 1 - Latest entry
The item is cataloged under its most recent title or issuing body (pre-AACR cataloging rules). All former titles and/or issuing bodies are given in notes (fields 247, 547, and 550).
- 2 - Integrated entry
A record is cataloged under its latest (most recent) title and/or responsible person or corporate body. It is used for integrating resources and electronic serials that do not retain their earlier titles.
- | - No attempt to code
- 0 - Successive entry
008--VISUAL MATERIALS
Character Positions
- 18-20 - Running time for motion pictures and videorecordings
A three-digit number that indicates the total running time of the motion picture or videorecording. The number is right justified and each unused position contains a zero.- 000 - Running time exceeds three characters
- 001-999 - Running time
- --- - Running time unknown
- nnn - Not applicable
- ||| - No attempt to code
- 21 - Undefined
Contains a blank (#) or fill character (|) - 22 - Target audience
A one-character code that indicates the audience for which the item is intended.- # - Unknown or not specified
- a - Preschool
- b - Primary
- c - Pre-adolescent
- d - Adolescent
- e - Adult
- f - Specialized
- g - General
- j - Juvenile
- | - No attempt to code
- 23-27 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|) - 28 - Government publication
A one-character code that indicates whether the item is published or produced by or for a government agency, and, if so, the jurisdictional level of the agency.- # - Not a government publication
- a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component
- c - Multilocal
- f - Federal/national
- i - International intergovernmental
- l - Local
- m - Multistate
- o - Government publication--level undetermined
- s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc.
- u - Unknown if item is government publication
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 29 - Form of item
A one-character code that indicates the form of material for the item.- # - None of the following
- a - Microfilm
- b - Microfiche
- c - Microopaque
- d - Large print
- f - Braille
- r - Regular print reproduction
Eye-readable print.
- s - Electronic
- | - No attempt to code
- 30-32 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|) - 33 - Type of visual material
A one-character code that indicates the type of visual material item.- a - Art original
- b - Kit
An item that contains a mixture of components from two or more categories, no one of which is the predominant constituent of the item.
- c - Art reproduction
- d - Diorama
- f - Filmstrip
- g - Game
- i - Picture
- k - Graphic
- l - Technical drawing
- m - Motion picture
- n - Chart
- o - Flash card
- p - Microscope slide
- q - Model
- r - Realia
- s - Slide
- t - Transparency
- v - Videorecording
- w - Toy
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 34 - Technique
A one-character code that indicates the technique used in creating motion in the motion picture or videorecording.- a - Animation
- c - Animation and live action
- l - Live action
- n - Not applicable
Item is not a motion picture or a videorecording.
- u - Unknown
- z - Other technique
- | - No attempt to code
008--MIXED MATERIALS
Character Positions
- 18-22 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|) - 23 - Form of item
A one-character code that indicates the form of material for the item.- # - None of the following
- a - Microfilm
- b - Microfiche
- c - Microopaque
- d - Large print
- f - Braille
- r - Regular print reproduction
Eye-readable print.
- s - Electronic
- | - No attempt to code
- 24-34 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)

