DPC/PADI What's new in digital preservation
Issue no. 6 (June - September 2003)
Compiled by Gerard Clifton (National Library of Australia) and
Michael Day (UKOLN, University of Bath)
27th October 2003
This is a summary of selected recent activity in the field of digital
preservation compiled from the Preserving Access to Digital Information (PADI) Gateway and the
digital-preservation
and padiforum-l mailing lists.
Additional or related items of interest may also be included.
- Organisations
- Specific initiatives
- Specific areas of activity
- Other recent publications
- Events
1.1 UNESCO
On October 17, at its 32nd session, UNESCO's General Conference adopted
the Draft Charter on the Preservation of the Digital Heritage. The Charter is a
declaration of principle to assist Member States in preparation of national
policies to preserve and provide access to digital heritage. The Charter
describes the digital heritage as those unique resources of human knowledge and
expression in digital form, and recognises both the risk to this material
through technological obsolescence and the urgency required to ensure its
preservation.
In a recent article, Colin Webb of the National Library of Australia
discusses both the Draft Charter and its associated Guidelines. The
consultation processes in formulating the Charter are described, and the
Guidelines are discussed within the context of readership and how the
information is structured, with inclusion of sample principles from the
Guidelines.
The general UNESCO press release from the 32nd session, which
includes coverage of the Draft Charter is available from the
UNESCO
Web site.
The UNESCO Draft Charter on the Preservation of the Digital
Heritage (Document 32 C/28) may be found at:
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001311/131178e.pdf
The companion document, Guidelines for the preservation of
digital heritage, is also available from the
UNESCO
Web site.
Colin Webb, "Saving digital heritage: a UNESCO campaign".
RLG DigiNews, 7(3), June 2003.
http://www.rlg.org/preserv/diginews/diginews7-3.html#feature3
1.2 UK Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC)
In conjunction with the the UK Research Council's e-Science Core
Programme, the JISC has invited bids to establish a national Digital Curation
Centre (DCC), which will lead research into key areas for digital curation and
the development of support services for maintaining digital data for the higher
education sector. The Centre will provide a national focus for research into
curation issues and the development of expertise, services and best practice
activities in the processes of digital archiving, preservation and management,
with particular emphasis on needs of users over the entire data life-cycle. As
well as the building of a supporting infrastructure and close liaison with
users to determine their needs, the Centre aims to develop testbed facilities,
collate, assess, maintain and provide information on existing tools and
technologies, and continue to integrate technologies and address critical gaps.
The Centre will have a significant national and international role, both within
Europe and as a bridge between American and European thought, and is expected
to align with international approaches and be at the leading edge of
developments.
The JISC and the Research Council's e-Science Core Programme held a Town
Meeting in London on 8 September 2003, outlining the impetus, role, objectives
and funding available for the Centre, as well as providing guidance on
preparing submissions. The deadline for expressions of interest was the 26th
September 2003, while full proposals have to be submitted by 13 November 2003.
Funding for the DCC will be for three years.
The full text of the Digital Curation Centre circular and the report and
presentations from the Town Meeting are available from the JISC web site:
JISC Circular 6/03 (Revised) : Digital Curation Centre:
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/index.cfm?name=funding_digcentre
Digital Curation Centre Town Meeting, Regent's College
Conference Centre, Regent's Park, London, 8 September, 2003:
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/digcentre_townmeeting.html
1.3 Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
A key aim of the DPC since its launch has been to raise the profile of
digital preservation on behalf of all its members, which it has pursued through
work with international bodies such as UNESCO and the European Commission,
conference and seminar presentations, and a continued, successful media and PR
campaign.
The DPC recently provided a register of and links to media coverage it
has obtained via its Advocacy Campaign, with the view that such links may prove
valuable to others involved in local advocacy work. The register includes DPC
press coverage to June 2003 from national, international and specialist press,
television and radio broadcasts and coverage on the internet. The register is
available through the DPC's new Advocacy Campaign pages:
http://www.dpconline.org/graphics/advocacy/
The DPC also recently announced its sponsorship of a new award as part
of the Pilgrim Trust Conservation Awards program. Worth £5000, the
Digital Preservation Award will recognise leadership and achievement in the
developing field of digital preservation, and is aimed at projects that focus
on "born digital" resources. Submissions for the Award closed in September, and
the shortlist of candidates is now available. Of nine submissions, the
shortlisted candidates are:
- The CAMiLEON Project
- The UK National Archives' Digital Archive
- The JISC Continuing Access and Preservation Strategy
- The National Library of New Zealand's Preservation Metadata
Extraction Tool
- The Wellcome Library/JISC Web Archiving Project
The Award will be presented at the British Library in June 2004.
View details on the Award and the shortlist of candidates on
the Digital Preservation Coalition web site: Digital Preservation Award
details: http://www.dpconline.org/graphics/awards/ Shortlist
of candidates:
http://www.dpconline.org/graphics/awards/shortlist.html
Further copies of Preservation Management of Digital Materials: A
Handbook have been re-printed by the British Library and may be ordered
via the DPC website. The online edition of the Handbook is also available.
Neil Beagrie and Maggie Jones, Preservation Management of
Digital Materials: A Handbook , London, The British Library, 2001. ISBN 0
7123 0886 5 Reviews and order form:
http://www.dpconline.org/graphics/handbook/reviews.html Online
edition: http://www.dpconline.org/graphics/handbook/
2.1 United States National Digital Information Infrastructure and
Preservation Program (NDIIP)
The NDIIP has released its "Program Announcement to Support Building a
Network of Partners", which represents the next phase of this US national
program for the collection and preservation of digital materials.
In the July issue of RLG DigiNews, Laura Campbell, Associate Librarian
for Strategic Initiatives, Library of Congress, discusses this next phase, as
well as funding allocation, submission of proposals, the key stakeholders
involved and how other cultural institutions may participate in and benefit
from the program. The expected outcomes from this phase of the program are to
establish a digital preservation infrastructure, address copyright and
intellectual property issues in content preservation, and to convey information
about the program to stakeholders and the general public.
Project submissions close on 13 November, 2003.
National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation
Program, Program Announcement to Support Builing a Network of
Partners, Washington DC, August 2003.
http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/index.php?nav=4
Laura Campbell, "Editor's interview : National Digital
Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program" RLG DigiNews,
7(3), July 15, 2003.
http://www.rlg.org/preserv/diginews/v7_n3_feature1.html
2.2 Rescue of the BBC Domesday Project
Emulation and re-engineering have been demonstrated as two different
approaches to retaining access to the content of the BBC Domesday Project, an
electronic resource from 1986 distributed on two videodiscs accessed through a
BBC Microcomputer. Two recent articles have focused on the re-engineering
approach. The article by Daisy Abbott provides an overview of both approaches,
and is preceded by an interview with Paul Wheatley on the challenges of
emulation. In the second article, Darlington et al. describe the
recreation of the resource from original content within a new Windows
interface.
Daisy Abbott, "Overcoming the dangers of technological
obsolescence : rescuing the BBC Domesday Project" DigiCULT.Info
Newsletter Issue 4, August 2003, pp. 7-10 . Available in PDF format from:
http://www.digicult.info/pages/publications.php
Jeffrey Darlington, Andy Finney and Adrian Pearce, "Domesday
redux: the rescue of the BBC Domesday Project videodiscs" Ariadne,
Issue 36, July 2003. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue36/tna/intro.html
Further details on the re-engineering project are available from the
National Archives of the UK at:
http://www.pro.gov.uk/about/preservation/digital/domesday/default.htm
The CAMiLEON Project's demonstrated emulation approach to rescuing the
BBC Domesday Project is detailed at:
http://www.si.umich.edu/CAMILEON/domesday/domesday.html
2.3 DAVID Project
The DAVID Project (Digitale Archivering in Vlaamse Instellingen en
Diensten = Digital Archiving in Flemish Institutions and Administrations) is a
collaborative project between the Max Wildiers Foundation, the City of Antwerp
Archives and ICRI (Interdisciplinary Centre for Law and Information Technology)
to research digital durability in a governmental environment. It seeks to
develop best practices for archiving digital data for the benefit of Flemish
archival institutions, with the ultimate aim of producing guidelines manuals
for digital archiving and digitisation of historical documents.
The project has produced several key reports and case studies in
archiving of email, websites, office documents and population data, and
continues to regularly make new reports available on its web site. The project
also recently hosted a conference on electronic record keeping and long-term
preservation of digital data at Louvain, Belgium, on 26 June 2003. The
conference is noted in the Recent Events section (see below).
Recent papers:
Filip Boudrez, Archiving electronic office documents,
Antwerp, DAVID Project, 2003. [PDF]
DAVID Project, Archiving MS Word documents as
PDF-documents, Antwerp: DAVID Project, 2003.
http://www.antwerpen.be/david/eng/text_word2pdf.htm
More information and links to new reports as they are released are
available via: http://www.antwerpen.be/david/eng/index2.htm
2.4 The European Libraries (TEL) project
In September The European Libraries (TEL) released the final version of
a report providing the results of a survey of European publishers. Based on the
responses of 39 publishers, the report covers areas such as deposit practices,
access, metadata, pricing and comments on the advantages and disadvantages of
depositing digital publications. The survey was conducted as part of the
project's Work Package 1 (WP1), the aim of which is to develop better working
relations between European National Libraries and publishers in relation to the
deposit of digital publications.
Liesbeth Oskamp, Report on current practices among
publishers regarding the deposit of digital publications, IST-2000-25347.
The European Library project, July 2003.
http://www.europeanlibrary.org/pdf/tel_d1.2v1.0.pdf
Other reports from this organisation are available via the
"Results" link on TEL's web page: http://www.europeanlibrary.org/
Academic self-archiving, institutional repositories and maintaining
access to electronic journals have been in the spotlight recently, with a large
number of publications in these related areas. Both intellectual property and
technical issues have been examined.
Focusing on creators of digital information resources, Abby Smith's
article in the May/June issue of Educause Review discussed the idea
that future scholarship depends on current digital diligence by both libraries
and scholars and that scholars need to develop work practices that will help
ensure the integrity of a digital project long after the creator has moved
on.
Abby Smith, "Digital preservation: an individual responsibility
for communal scholarship" Educause Review, 38(3), May/June 2003, pp.
10-11. http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/erm0338.pdf
Institutional repositories
There have been several papers about DSpace, MITs institutional
repository system. Clifford Lynch addresses the strategic role of institutional
repositories in universities as a means for advancing scholarship and scholarly
communication and cites DSpace as a model for universities for the future. He
also addresses institutional repositories' relationship with networked
information standards and infrastructure, and provides his views for future
developments in this field. The Hewlett-Packard Laboratories and MIT team have
themselves recently presented two papers at ECDL and JCDL 2003 on the current
architecture and future directions for the DSpace repository system.
Other publications have focused on the downstream issues and proposed
solutions for maintaining access to digital scholarly resources.
Rob Tansley, Mick Bass, David Stuve, Margret Branschofsky,
Daniel Chudnov, Greg McClellan, and MacKenzie Smith, "The DSpace institutional
digital repository system: current functionality." In: Catherine C. Marshall,
Geneva Henry, and Lois Delcambre, Proceedings 2003 Joint Conference on
Digital Libraries, Los Alamitos, Calif.: IEEE Computer Society, 2003, pp.
87-97. Abstract available at:
http://csdl.computer.org/comp/proceedings/jcdl/2003/1939/00/19390087abs.htm
Rob Tansley, Mick Bass and MacKenzie Smith, "DSpace as an Open
Archival Information System: current status and future directions." In: T. Koch
& I. T. Sølvberg, (eds.), Research and Advanced Technology for
Digital Libraries: 7th European Conference, ECDL 2003, Trondheim, Norway,
August 17-22, 2003, Proceedings, (Lecture Notes in Computer Science,
2769), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2003, pp. 446-460.
Clifford A. Lynch, "Institutional repositories: essential
infrastructure for scholarship in the digital age" ARL Bimonthly Report
226, February 2003. http://www.arl.org/newsltr/226/ir.html
E-prints
The key findings of the Project RoMEO (Rights MEtadata for Open
archiving), which ended in July 2003, are now available. The project was funded
by the Joint Information Systems Committee for one year to investigate the
rights issues surrounding the 'self-archiving' of research in the UK academic
community under the Open Archive Initiative's Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
(OAI-PMH). The Project's aims included stakeholder surveys to ascertain rights
issues unique to research self-archived under OAI, development of a set of
interoperable rights elements using existing schemas and the development of
guidelines on use of the metadata elements.
A report by the Arts and Humanities Data Service, the Estonian Business
Archives and SHERPA at the University of Nottingham was commissioned by the
JISC and looks at the feasibility and requirements for the preservation of
e-prints. The study discusses the characteristics of e-prints, their prevalence
and reasons for preserving them, and reviews the current range of file formats,
the extent of metadata collection and the likely future needs for
infrastructure development. It also notes that while e-print repositories are
still at an experimental stage, e-prints do not present unique technical
challenges for preservation, and may be serviced by generic preservation
strategies such conversion to standard formats, migration, migration on demand
or emulation. A recent article in D-Lib Magazine by two of the same
authors maintains that filling e-print repositories and preserving their
contents need not be mutually exclusive activities and discusses the technical
and managerial challenges to the preservation of e-prints within this context.
Another project, ePrints UK, will run for two years and aims to provide
the higher and further education sector access to and preservation of the
e-print papers available from compliant open archive repositories. An article
appearing in Ariadne provides a brief overview of the project,
including technical issues such as database development and SOAP (Simple Object
Access Protocol) interfaces, and other issues such as intellectual property
rights and insufficient repositories from which to harvest records.
Elizabeth Gadd, Charles Oppenheim, and Steve Probets, "RoMEO
studies 1: the impact of copyright ownership on academic author
self-archiving," Journal of Documentation, 59(3), 2003, 243-277:
Elizabeth Gadd, Charles Oppenheim, and Steve Probets, "The
intellectual property rights issues facing self-archiving: key findings of the
RoMEO project," D-Lib Magazine, 9(9), September 2003:
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september03/gadd/09gadd.html
The web site of Project RoMEO is available at:
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/ls/disresearch/romeo/index.html
Hamish James, Raivo Ruusalepp, Sheila Anderson and Stephen
Pinfield, Feasibility and Requirements Study on Preservation of E-Prints :
Report Commissioned by the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) :
Consultation Draft. Version 1.0. London, Joint Information Systems
Committee (JISC), 9 May 2003.
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/e-prints_report_1-0.pdf
Stephen Pinfield, and Hamish James, "The digital preservation
of e-prints," D-Lib Magazine, 9(9), September 2003:
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september03/pinfield/09pinfield.html
Ruth Martin, "ePrints UK : developing a national e-prints
archive". Ariadne, Issue 35, April 2003.
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue35/martin/
A special issue of the journal Library Hi Tech, edited by
Timothy W. Cole, focused on the Open Archives Initiative for Metadata
Harvesting (OAI-PMH), which forms a key component of the present metadata
efforts of many e-print repositories. Articles include:
Carl Lagoze and Herbert van de Sompel, "The making of the Open
Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting," Library Hi
Tech, 21(2), 2003, pp. 118-128.
Caroline R. Arms, "Available and useful: OAI at the Library of
Congress," Library Hi Tech, 21(2), 2003, pp. 129-139.
Michael L. Nelson, Terry L. Harrison, and JoAnne Rocker, "OAI
and NASA's scientific and technical information," Library Hi Tech,
21(2), 2003, pp. 140-150.
Simeon Warner, "E-prints and the Open Archives Initiative,"
Library Hi Tech, 21(2), 2003, pp. 151-158.
Martin Halbert, "The Metascholar Initiative," Library Hi
Tech, 21(2), 2003, pp. 182-198.
Library Hi Tech is available online to subscribers from
http://www.emerald-library.com/.
E-journals
The preservation of e-journals are viewed from different perspectives in
several recent papers.
JISC has acknowledged the challenges that have emerged with licensed
e-journals, particularly with regard to the differing roles and
responsibilities of both libraries and publishers. To that end, the committee
developed a JISC/Publishers Association (PA) Model Licence that seeks to
explore areas such as continued online access and different archival options.
Maggie Jones focuses on the role of the Joint Information Systems
Committee (JISC) in relation to long-term preservation and continued access of
licensed e-journals in both a recent journal article and the report of her
one-year consultancy, which investigated issues in implementing the archiving
clauses of the Model Licence.
Patsy Baudoin focuses on the preservation of dynamic electronic
journals, briefly assessing the three main areas of digital preservation -
migration, emulation and archaeological approaches - and states that more
research is needed in the area of emulation, maintaining that this approach has
the potential to preserve and capture the dynamic elements of electronic
journals.
Maggie Jones, "E-journals - what do you get for your money?"
Serials: the Journal for the Serials Community, 16(1), March 2003, pp.
27-31. Available online via: Ingenta
Select
Maggie Jones, Archiving E-Journals Consultancy - Final
Report, London, Joint Information Systems Committee, May 2003.
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/ejournalsdraftFinalReport.pdf
Patsy Baudoin, "Uppity bits: coming to terms with archiving
dynamic electronic journals" The Serials Librarian, 43(4), 2003, pp.
63-72.
In a related area, several papers from the 6th International Conference
on Electronic Theses and Dissertations, held in Berlin from 21-24 May, are now
available.
Yahia Bakelli and Sabrina Benrahmoun of CERIST (Research Centre on
Science and Technical Information) examine the issues of preservation and
accessibility of theses within both an Algerian and international context. In
Algeria, an electronic copy of every Masters and PhD thesis must be deposited
at CERIST as a condition of obtaining the qualification.
Two papers from this conference discuss activities at Die Deutsche
Bibliothek. The first describes the library's voluntary deposit system for
electronic theses and dissertations using NEDLIB's process model and
incorporating the Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System
(OAIS). The second paper discusses the implementation, management and structure
of URNs at Die Deutsche Bibliothek within the international NBN (National
Bibliography Number) name space of national libraries. Practical experiences of
URN management including workflows, current activities and examples are also
included.
Kelsey Libner of North Carolina State University Libraries presented the
results of a survey of 16 institutions into practices for the long term
preservation of ETDs. Data migration, preservation policies, electronic file
backup and workflows are some of the areas surveyed. The second part of the
paper discusses file formats, particularly PDF and PDF/A, and discusses further
areas for research.
Uppsala University's DiVA project presented a paper on their archive for
ETDs, which is noted below in the section on use of XML as a
digital preservation strategy.
The ETD 2003 conference web site is at:
http://www.hu-berlin.de/ETD2003/
. A report on the conference may be found in the July/August issue of D-Lib
Magazine.
Yahia Bakelli and Sabrina Benrahmoun, "Long-term preservation
of ETDs in Algeria : discussion through CERIST deposit system". Paper presented
at ETD 2003: 6th International Conference on Electronic Theses and
Dissertations - Next Steps: Electronic Theses and Dissertations Worldwide,
Berlin, Germany, 21-24 May 2003.
http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/etd2003/bakelli-yahia/HTML/index.html
Hans Liegmann, "Long-term preservation of electronic theses
and dissertations". Paper presented at ETD 2003: 6th International Conference
on Electronic Theses and Dissertations - Next Steps: Electronic Theses and
Dissertations Worldwide, Berlin, Germany, 21-24 May 2003.
http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/etd2003/liegmann-hans/HTML/index.html
Kathrin Schroeder, "Application of persistent identifiers as
one approach to ensure guarantee [sic] long-term availability of online theses:
the established Uniform Resource Name (URN) management at Die Deutsche
Bibliothek." Paper presented at ETD 2003: 6th International Conference on
Electronic Theses and Dissertations - Next Steps: Electronic Theses and
Dissertations Worldwide, Berlin, Germany, 21-24 May 2003.
http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/etd2003/schroeder-kathrin/HTML/index.html
Kelsey Libner, "CFP: call for preservation! Results and
discussion of a survey on the preservation of electronic theses and
dissertations". Paper presented at ETD 2003: 6th International Conference on
Electronic Theses and Dissertations - Next Steps: Electronic Theses and
Dissertations Worldwide, Berlin, Germany, 21-24 May 2003.
http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/etd2003/libner-kelsey/HTML/index.html
John H. Hagen, Susanne Dobratz and Peter Schirmbacher,
"Electronic theses and dissertations worldwide: highlights of the ETD 2003
symposium." D-Lib Magazine, 9(7/8), July/August 2003.
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july03/hagen/07hagen.html
3.3 Preservation metadata
There have been several developments and publications in the area of
preservation metadata.
The National Library of New Zealand released a revised version of its
preservation metadata schema in June, incorporating advances gleaned from
experience and in compliance with emerging standards, and in July released the
data model for a preservation metadata process, which will move towards
implementation of a metadata repository.
ERPANET held a training seminar on metadata in digital preservation, in
Marburg, Germany, 3-5 September 2003 (see below). The briefing paper for this
workshop is available and covers the principles and purposes of metadata,
metadata schemes and their structures, metadata sources, cost/benefit aspects
and challenges in creation, implementation and interoperability of schemes.
A paper presented by Michael Day at the 2003 Dublin Core Conference in
Seattle argued that metadata registries may assist in managing metadata in
repositories and may also support the re-use and exchange of metadata and/or
information packages. The paper describes the development of metadata schemas
by national libraries, research initiatives, recordkeeping institutions and
digitisation programs and notes that interoperability between these schemas is
desirable. Day suggests that metadata registries may be a useful tool that
provide authoritative information on schema and element specifications and
inter-scheme mappings. They could possibly also support the re-use of metadata
and the exchange of information packages between trusted repositories.
Julien Masanès, Archiving Project Manager at the
Bibliothèque nationale de France, highlights in a recent article the
need to gather sufficient metadata for future access to digital objects and
discusses the classes of preservation metadata described in the Open Archival
Information System (OAIS) Reference Model. Covering both Representation
Information (RI), documenting the chain of complex technical requirements to
access objects, and Preservation Description Information (PDI), providing
identity and integrity information for objects, the article further notes the
need to preserve key information about formats themselves and the limitations
of presently available sources of this information.
An annotated guide to major metadata resources organised by subject has
been produced by the government of Alberta, Canada, to assist in development of
its government metadata standards. As well preservation metadata, the guide
covers international initiatives, background information, current awareness
resources, standards, major metadata schemas and listservs.
National Library of New Zealand, Introduction to the
Metadata Standards Framework for National Library of New Zealand.
Wellington, National Library of New Zealand, updated July 2003.
http://www.natlib.govt.nz/en/whatsnew/4initiatives.html#meta
Wendy Duff, Hans Hofman, and Melissa Troemel, "Getting what you
want, knowing what you have, and keeping what you need," ERPANET Briefing
Paper, August 2003:
http://www.erpanet.org/www/products/marburg/documents/erpaTraining-Marburg_BriefingPaper.pdf
Michael Day, "Integrating metadata schema registries with
digital preservation systems to support interoperability: a proposal," DC-2003
-- 2003 Dublin Core Conference: Supporting Communities of Discourse and
Practice - Metadata Research and Applications, Seattle, Wa., USA, 28 September
- 2 October 2003: http://www.siderean.com/dc2003/101_paper38.pdf
Julien Masanès, "L'information technique
nécessaire à la préservation à long terme des
documents numériques = Technical information needed for long-term
preservation of digital documents," International Preservation News,
No. 29, May 2003, pp. 11-19: http://www.ifla.org/VI/4/news/ipnn29.pdf
Alberta Government Services Information Management Branch,
Metadata resources guide. Edmonton, Alberta: Alberta Government
Services, April 2003.
http://www.im.gov.ab.ca/public/Metadata%20pathfinder.doc
3.4 File Format Registries
Registries of file formats are proposed to play a key role in supporting
preservation metadata efforts, acting as as authoritative sources of
information on technical characteristics, specifications, version information
and potential equivalencies that can be used to identify and manage digital
materials.
Efforts towards a global format registry are described in a paper from
the 69th IFLA General Council and Conference, held in Berlin in August. This
paper also notes the granularity limitations of MIME types to adequately type
digital formats for preservation management in repositories and summarises
ongoing international efforts to establish a global format registry to maintain
persistent, unambiguous bindings between digital format public identifiers and
properties.
The Digital Preservation Department at the National Archives of the
United Kingdom (formerly the Public Record Office) has developed PRONOM, an
application for managing information about the file formats and software
applications used to store and render electronic records. The User Requirements
for PRONOM 3 were published in June 2003. The National Archives plan to launch
the Web version of PRONOM in the autumn of 2003. The PRONOM system was also
described in the October 2003 issue of RLG DigiNews.
The final report of the File Format Representation and Rendering
Project, undertaken by the University of Leeds for the JISC, is also available.
The report presents the results of a survey into the sources, availability and
accuracy of file format information and how this may affect the development of
tools and strategies for digital preservation. The report urgently recommends
collection and preservation of both file format documentation that is available
on the internet and that is at risk of loss and technical documentation for
hardware and software. Further essential recommendations are the establishment
of a system for Representation Information (RI), collection of existing tools
and development of new ones, establishment of a testbed for strategies and
continued collection of documentation and dialogue with developers.
Stephen L. Abrams, and David Seaman, "Towards a global digital
format registry," 69th IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations
and Institutions) General Conference and Council, Berlin, Germany, 1-9 August
2003: http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla69/papers/128e-Abrams_Seaman.pdf
PRONOM 3 User Requirements:
http://www.pro.gov.uk/about/preservation/digital/pronom/documentation.htm
Jeffrey Darlington, "PRONOM - a practical online compendium of
file formats" RLG DigiNews, 7(5), October 15, 2003.
http://www.rlg.org/preserv/diginews/diginews7-5.html#feature2
Representation and Rendering Project, University of Leeds,
Survey and assessment of sources of information on file formats and
software documentation: Final report, London, Joint Information Systems
Committee, 2003.
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/FileFormatsreport.pdf
3.5 Persistent Identifiers
Persistent identifiers play important roles in the management of digital
objects and are considered key components of preservation metadata.
In the June issue of D-Lib Magazine, Dr. Norman Paskin,
Director of the International DOI Foundation, provides a progress report on
DOI, the Digital Object Identifier system: its takeup and usage, developments
that have occurred, and current issues and implications of DOI. Version 3.2 of
the DOI Handbook was released in August by the International DOI
Foundation.
Using an alternative scheme, the California Digital Library (CDL) has
assigned over 80,000 ARK (Archival Resource Key) identifiers for the digital
objects it controls. A recent paper by John Kunze describes how ARK identifiers
differ from other schemes and how the California Digital Library uses them. The
complete ARK Specification is available via the CDL's ARK identifier page:
http://ark.cdlib.org/
At a November 2002 meeting, the CORES Project (Information Society
Technologies Programme, European Union) passed a resolution to assign Uniform
Resource Identifiers (URIs) to metadata elements of several major metadata
standards, including DOI, Dublin Core, GILS and ONIX. While the URIs need not
be resolvable, they will serve to uniquely and persistently identify the
elements and schemes. A July D-Lib Magazine article presents the text
of the resolution and then summarises the position of organisations that
maintain the metadata standards and notes any problems that have emerged in
assigning URIs.
Norman Paskin, "DOI: a 2003 progress report" D-Lib
Magazine, 9(6), June 2003.
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june03/paskin/06paskin.html
International DOI Foundation, The DOI handbook,
Edition 3.2.0, Oxford, International DOI Foundation, August 2003.
http://www.doi.org/handbook_2000/index.html
(doi:10.1000/186 PDF
version)
John A. Kunze, Towards electronic persistence using ARK
identifiers. Oakland, Calif.:, California Digital Library, July 2003.
http://ark.cdlib.org/arkcdl.pdf
Thomas Baker and Makx Dekkers, "Identifying metadata elements
with URIs: the CORES Resolution" D-Lib Magazine, 9(7/8), July/August
2003. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july03/baker/07baker.html
3.6 Web archiving
Various new publications are available in the area of web archiving.
Patrick Panos provides a short introduction to the Internet Archive with
details of how to use the "Wayback Machine," concluding that it could be an
important tool for social work education research and may assist many social
work authors keep their Internet references valid and alive.
Michael Day's paper at ECDL 2003, the 7th European Conference on
Research and Advanced Technologies for Digital Libraries, was an evaluation of
Web-archiving initiatives to date, focusing on collection strategies and
highlighting some generic issues.
The 3rd ECDL Workshop on Web Archives was held in conjunction with ECDL
2003. The full Workshop proceedings are available in PDF. Included are papers
on persistent identifiers, the National Library of Norway's Paradigma Web
harvesting environment, and the Nordic Web Archive toolset. Other papers
include an attempt to characterize the Portuguese Web and reports from the
practical experiences of building thematic Web archives and of collecting the
Czech Web.
The Smithsonian Institution archives published a report outlining a
proposal for a pilot project to archive Smithsonian websites. The report is the
result of the evaluation and testing of Dollar Consulting's 2001 report
Archival
Preservation of Smithsonian Web Resources: Strategies, Principles, and Best
Practice. The current report includes proposed recommendations for archival
management, access to archived websites, processing of dynamic websites, and
notes the results of test migrations of HTML to XHTML, which were based on
Dollar Consulting's earlier recommendations.
The National Archives of the United Kingdom announced an initiative to
collect and preserve 50 government websites, including those of 10 Downing
Street, the Hutton Inquiry and the Northern Ireland Office. Sites are being
collected as weekly or 6-monthly snapshots, using a specially-modified version
of the Internet Archive's web crawler. The complete archive is being made
available on the Web and a copy of each snapshot is also being accessioned for
long-term preservation.
Patrick Panos, "TechNotes -- The Internet Archive: an end to
the digital dark age" Journal of Social Work Education (JSWE), 39(2),
Spring/Summer 2003, 343-347. Available:
http://www.cswe.org/publications/jswe/03-2technotes.htm
Michael Day, "Preserving the fabric of our lives: a survey of
Web preservation initiatives," In: T. Koch & I. T. Sølvberg, (eds.),
Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries: 7th European
Conference, ECDL 2003, Trondheim, Norway, August 17-22, 2003, Proceedings,
(Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2769), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2003,
pp. 461-472.
3rd ECDL Workshop on Web Archives : in Conjunction with the
7th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technologies for Digital
Libraries (ECDL 2003). Program and presentations available from:
http://bibnum.bnf.fr/ecdl/2003/index.html
Smithsonian Institution Archives Records Management Team,
Archiving Smithsonian Websites : an evaluation and recommendation for a
Smithsonian Institution Archives Pilot Project. Washington DC, Smithsonian
Institution Archives, May 2003.
http://www.si.edu/archives/archives/websitepilot.html
The National Archives of the United Kingdom, "UK Government Web
Archive," 2003. http://www.pro.gov.uk/webarchive/
Several initiatives are progressing with use of XML in their digital
preservation efforts.
The Dutch Testbed Digitale Bewaring (Digital Preservation Testbed) has
been trialling the use of XML for long-term preservation of electronic records
and documents, and recently released several papers. The first provides the
Testbed's final recommendations on the long-term preservation of email and
covers cultural, legal, technical and practical issues. It also has sections
targeted towards specific groups such as managers, record keepers and end
users. There is a comparison of migration, emulation and XML as preservation
strategies, and the appendices include an XML schema for archiving Outlook
emails. The second recent paper is based on the Testbed's presentation at the
ERPANET workshop on long-term preservation of databases in Bern, Switzerland,
in April 2003. The progress in developing strategies for database preservation
is discussed with the XML approach compared to alternative strategies. The
Digital Preservation Testbed's XML conversion tool and schema is also
considered.
The DiVA (Digitala vetenskapliga arkivet) Project of Uppsala University
in Sweden presented a paper at the 6th International Conference on Electronic
Theses and Dissertations in Berlin, including discussion of XML as a long-term
preservation format. The goal of the project is to create a searchable archive
(DiVA Archive) for the long term preservation of electronic theses, essays and
working papers. As well as use of XML, the paper discusses the DiVA document
format and the use of URN (uniform resource names) as persistent identifiers.
The National Archives of Australia (NAA) released several XML data
formats for comment, as part of its Agency to Researcher (AtoR) Digital
Preservation Project. The data formats are for use as archival formats for
conversion of digital records received from Commonwealth agencies, and NAA
welcome comments on their completeness and suitability. While the official
period for comments for the currently available formats has passed, late
comments may be accepted. Details on the NAA's Agency to Researcher project and
the method for transfer of electronic records to the NAA are also
available.
Digital Preservation Testbed, From digital volatility to
digital permanence. Preserving email. The Hague, Digital Preservation
Testbed, April 2003. ISBN 90-807758-1-9.
http://www.digitaleduurzaamheid.nl/bibliotheek/docs/volatility-permanence-email-en.pdf
Remco Verdegem, "Databases preservation issues" The Hague,
Digital Preservation Testbed, 2003.
http://www.digitaleduurzaamheid.nl/bibliotheek/docs/longterm_preservation_of_databases.pdf
Eva Müller, Uwe Klosa, Peter Hansson, Stefan Andersson,
Erik Siira, "Using XML for long-term preservation : experiences from the DiVA
Project". Paper presented at ETD 2003: 6th International Conference on
Electronic Theses and Dissertations - Next Steps: Electronic Theses and
Dissertations Worldwide, Berlin, Germany, 21-24 May 2003.
http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/etd2003/hansson-peter/HTML/index.html
National Archives of Australia, XML data formats.
Canberra, National Archives of Australia, June 2003.
http://naa.gov.au/recordkeeping/preservation/digital/xml_data_formats.html
National Archives of Australia, Agency to Researcher (AtoR)
Digital Preservation Project. Canberra, National Archives of Australia,
2003.
http://naa.gov.au/recordkeeping/preservation/digital/summary.html
National Archives of Australia, How digital records are
transferred to the long-term digital repository. Canberra, National
Archives of Australia, 2003.
http://naa.gov.au/recordkeeping/preservation/digital/digital_repository.html
3.8 Costs
Two recent articles have explored evaluation of cost models for
preservation and compared costs of repository storage:
Shelby Sanett, "Cost to preserve authentic electronic records
in perpetuity: comparing costs across cost models and cost frameworks" RLG
DigiNews, 7(4), August 2003.
http://www.rlg.org/preserv/diginews/diginews7-4.html#feature2
Stephen Chapman, "Counting the costs of digital preservation:
is repository storage affordable?" Journal of Digital Information,
4(2), May 2003.
http://jodi.ecs.soton.ac.uk/Articles/v04/i02/Chapman/chapman-final.pdf
Two recent articles in Volume 57 of Advances in Computers are
of note:
Helen R. Tibbo, "On the nature and importance of archiving in the
digital age" Advances in Computers, 57, 2003, 1-67.
Helen Tibbo of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
provides a comprehensive introduction to digital preservation. The first four
sections of the article include some definitions of 'archiving,' emphasises the
need for collaboration, asks why digital preservation is important, and
outlines various preservation challenges - chiefly the proliferation of
information and formats, problems with the fragility of media and files,
hardware and software obsolescence, and intellectual property rights. The next
sections outline some approaches to solving these problems, in particular
focusing on activities undertaken within the archives and records domains.
Topics discussed include appraisal, authenticity and evidence, metadata
(including a quick outline of the OAIS model) and technical preservation. The
final section introduces some future challenges. The references contain 251
citations.
Su-Shing Chen, "Preserving digital records and the life cycle of
information" Advances in Computers, 57, 2003, 69-107.
Following Tibbo's article (described above), Su-Shing Chen of
the University of Florida discusses in more detail specific issues relating to
digital records - focusing on the life-cycle of information, the OAIS model,
migration and security.
Other recent publications:
Fred R. Byers, Care and handling CDs and DVDs : a guide for
librarians and archivists. Gaithersburg, National Institute of Standards
and Technology Digital Preservation Program, May 2003.
http://www.itl.nist.gov/div895/carefordisc/index.html
This NIST special publication number 500-252 provides care and
handling guidelines for those responsible for the long-term preservation of
optical discs. The guide examines issues such as cleaning, storage conditions,
disc structure and other issues influencing media stability. The guide also
includes a glossary.
Howard Falk, "Digital archive developments", The Electronic
Library, Vol 21, Number 4, 2003, pp. 375-379. Available online to
subscribers from http://www.emerald-library.com/
This article provides provides an overview of academic digital
archives in the USA and Europe, notes the concerns of journal publishing such
as the costs of digital repositories and copyright, and describes worldwide
national initiatives and projects to preserve digital materials, including
activities of the British Library, Library of Congress, and the National
Archives of Australia. Information relating to archiving software is also
included.
H. M. Gladney, and J. L. Bennett, "What do we mean by
authentic? What's the Real McCoy?" D-Lib Magazine, 9(7/8),
July/August 2003:
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july03/gladney/07gladney.html
Henry Gladney examines the problem of defining authenticity.
With consideration of the limitations of communication and the ambiguities
created by language, Dr Gladney describes a model of object transmission in
order to distinguish objective facts from subjective values and opinions, and
provides a definition of "authentic" for various object classes, from digital
documents through material artefacts to natural objects.
Peter E. Hart, and Ziming Liu, "Trust in the preservation of digital
information" Communications of the ACM 46(6), June 2003, 93-97.
This article reports on a survey that demonstrated a lack of
confidence in the persistence of digital information. In response, the authors
- who work for Ricoh Innovations and the San Jose State University - propose
that content producers, the IT industry, public agencies, etc. should
co-operate to create an 'institutional guarantee' system that would help
restore trust.
Margaret Hedstrom, "Research challenges in digital archiving and
long-term preservation." Paper presented at Wave of the Future: NSF Post
Digital Library Futures Workshop, Chatham, Massachusetts, 15-17 June 2003.
http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~dlwkshop/paper_hedstrom.html
Examines the future impediments to research created by the
deficiencies in current digital archiving and preservation practices. Several
areas requiring significant investment in the development of digital archives
are highlighted, including the development of software repositories and
research on software and dynamic database preservation, the development of
self-sustaining storage systems, cost benefit analyses into the performance of
storage systems over time, and development of new tools, decision models and
scalable infrastructures.
Maggie Jones, "Digital preservation activities in the UK - building the
infrastructure," 69th IFLA General Conference and Council, Berlin, Germany, 1-9
August 2003: http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla69/papers/129e-Jones.pdf
Maggie Jones provides an update on the considerable activity in
digital preservation in the UK since the JISC/British Library workshop held at
the University of Warwick in 1995, and the progress in building an
infrastructure to support long-term preservation for digital materials. The
paper details initiatives and activities by the CEDARS and CAMiLEON projects,
the Joint Information Systems Committee, the British Library, the National
Archives and the Digital Preservation Coalition.
B. J. Liu, F. Cao, M. Z. Zhou, G. Mogel, and L. Documet, "Trends in PACS
image storage and archive" Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics,
27(2-3), March-June 2003, 165-174.
Medical imaging systems were some of the earliest implementers
of digital imaging technologies. This paper - part of a special issue on
picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) - looks at design and
implementation issues, including the maintenance of data integrity, the
provision of back-up services, and the migration of data to new storage media.
An abstract is available at:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0895-6111(02)00090-3
"Check out the new library" [interview with Clifford Lynch],
Ubiquity: An ACM IT Magazine and Forum, 4(23), July/August 2003.
Available: http://www.acm.org/ubiquity/interviews/pf/c_lynch_1.html
An interview with Clifford Lynch of the Coalition for Networked
Information (CNI); subjects covered include the CNI itself, the 'paperless
library,' impediments to digitisation initiatives, and much else. Towards the
end, Lynch outlines some of the risks that face digital scholarship (including
preservation) and proposes a two layer approach for digital libraries, one
based on stewardship, the other on access.
S. G. Probets, and D. F. Brailsford, "Substituting outline fonts for
bitmap fonts in archived PDF files" Software - Practice and
Experience, 33, 2003, 885-899.
This paper investigates a plug-in to the Adobe Acrobat program
that enables bitmap fonts to be substituted by outline fonts to improve the
visual quality of Portable Document Format (PDF) files - thus helping to
improve the quality of archived PDF files.
Public Record Office Victoria, Victorian Electronic Records Strategy
(VERS) : Version 2. Melbourne: Public Record Office Victoria, July 2003.
http://www.prov.vic.gov.au/vers/standards/Version%202%20release/StandardVersion2.htm
In July, the Public Record Office Victoria (PROV) (Australia)
revised its "Standard for the Management of Electronic Records (PROS 99/007)",
commonly referred to as the VERS standard. The five supporting specifications
will also be re-released as they are revised, and include metadata, system
requirements for preserving electronic records, standard electronic record
format, long term preservation formats and export of electronic records to
PROV.
Roy Rosenzweig, "Scarcity or abundance? Preserving the past in a digital
era," American Historical Review, 108(3), June 2003, pp. 735-762. Also
available: http://chnm.gmu.edu/assets/historyessays/scarcity.html
A long, well-referenced, paper on digital preservation by a
history professor at George Mason University. Rosenzweig uses the sudden (and
deliberate) removal of the 'Bart is Evil' Web site after the September 11th
attacks as a starting point for a wide-ranging discussion of the role of
digital-based information as a historical source.
Bernard Smith, "Preserving tomorrow's memory: preserving digital content
for future generations." International Preservation News, 29, May
2003, 4-10. Whole issue available at:
http://www.ifla.org/VI/4/news/ipnn29.pdf
In this short article, the head of the Cultural Heritage
Applications Unit in the Information Society Directorate General of the
European Commission outlines some of the main challenges and problems of
digital preservation and makes some recommendations. The article is based on a
presentation given at a seminar on the preservation of the record of science
held in Paris, February 2002.
Ani Thakar, Alex Szalay, Peter Kunzt, and Jim Gray, "Migrating a
multiterabyte archive from object to relational databases" IEEE Computing
in Science & Engineering, 5(5), September-October 2003, 16-29.
Preprint available in MS Word format:
http://www.sdss.jhu.edu/ScienceArchive/pubs/cise.doc
This article, written by scientists from Johns Hopkins
University, CERN and Microsoft Research, looks at the migration of the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) archive (http://www.sdss.jhu.edu/) from an
object-oriented database management system to relational database technology.
The main reason for migration in this context was to improve performance
(rather than preservation) but the article highlights some generic migration
issues, most notably the difficulty of translating data models.
Gunter Wabel, "Like Russian dolls: nesting standards for digital
preservation", RLG DigiNews, 7(3), June 2003.
http://www.rlg.org/preserv/diginews/diginews7-3.html#feature2
This article discusses three standards for digital
preservation, the Open Archival Information System (OAIS), the Metadata
Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) and the NISO Data Dictionary -
Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images. The article describes what the
standards do and how they can be utilised, noting especially the hierarchical
relationship of the three standards, such that the higher level one provides a
framework for those below it.
Colin Webb, "Barriers or stepping stones? Impediments to digital
archiving and preservation programs" CLIR Issues, Number 34,
July/August 2003. http://www.clir.org/pubs/issues/issues34.html#webb
A brief overview of the impediments that the National Library
of Australia has encountered in developing its digital preservation programs,
including lack of expertise, costs and a lack of suitable preservation
management tools. Mr Webb postulates that these barriers may well appear as
stepping stones when viewed retrospectively.
DPC Forums - Meeting reports and presentations from the most recent DPC
Forums are now available:
5th DPC Forum: Infrastructure and Development, London, 12 March
2003. http://www.dpconline.org/graphics/events/dpcforum.html Focusing
on work in progress to develop infrastructure for digital preservation in the
UK, this forum included presentations on the DPC's business plans, the Digital
Curation Centre, file format registries and the needs of E-Science, as well as
current research in preservation of digital art and e-journals.
6th DPC Forum: Open Source Software and Dynamic Databases,
London, 24 June 2003. http://www.dpconline.org/graphics/events/24603dpcforum.html Presentations
in the first session of this forum drew on speakers' practical experiences with
Open Source software, including those for implementing institutional
repositories. The second session detailed experiences in archiving dynamic
databases, including both scientific data and web content.
7th DPC Forum - Archives: Adapting to the Digital Age, Kew, 24
September 2003. http://www.dpconline.org/graphics/events/for24sept.html The
latest forum, held at the National Archives, focused on experiences and
particular issues in Electronic Records Management and some more general issues
in collection and preservation of digital materials.
ETD 2003: 6th International Conference on Electronic Theses and
Dissertations - Next Steps: Electronic Theses and Dissertations Worldwide,
Berlin, Germany, 21-24 May 2003.
Programme information and some papers are available from the
conference web site: http://www.hu-berlin.de/ETD2003/
Proceedings are available from the Humboldt University's
document
server.
Several of the papers are also noted in the section on
electronic theses and dissertations (see above).
2003 Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL 2003), Houston, Texas,
USA, 27-31 May 2003.
Michael Nelson (Old Dominion University) has published a report
of the conference in the July/August issue of D-Lib Magazine (http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july03/nelson/07nelson.html)
while the proceedings have been published as: Catherine C. Marshall, Geneva
Henry, and Lois Delcambre, (eds.), Proceedings 2003 Joint Conference on
Digital Libraries, Los Alamitos, Calif.: IEEE Computer Society. ISBN
0-7695-1939-3.
DAVID (Digitale Archivering in Vlaamse Instellingen en Diensten)
Conference - e-Archiving for Posterity: Electronic Record Keeping and Long-Term
Preservation of Digital Data, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Louvain, Belgium,
26 June 2003
Some slide presentations from the conference are available from
the DAVID Web pages:
http://www.antwerpen.be/david/eng/text_conference.htm
EUNIS 2003: Beyond the Network, 9th International Conference of European
University Information Systems, 2-4 July 2003
Presentation slides from keynote and invited papers are
available from the conference Web pages:
http://www2.ic.uva.nl/eunis2003/
World Library and Information Congress: 69th IFLA (International
Federation of Library Associations and Institutions) General Conference and
Council, Berlin, Germany, 1-9 August 2003
The programme and full-text of some of the papers delivered at
the Conference are available on the IFLA Web pages:
http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla69/prog03.htm
ECDL 2003: 7th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology
for Digital Libraries, Trondheim, Norway, 17-22 August 2003.
Andreas Rauber (Vienna Technical University) has contributed a
brief report of ECDL 2003 in the September issue of D-Lib Magazine (http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september03/rauber/09rauber.html).
Slides from the presentations - including those from the invited speakers - are
now being made available from the conference Web site (http://www.ecdl2003.org/presentations.html).
All papers have been published in Springer's Lecture Notes in Computer
Science series: T. Koch & I. T. Sølvberg, (eds.), Research and
Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries: 7th European Conference, ECDL 2003,
Trondheim, Norway, August 17-22, 2003, Proceedings. (Lecture Notes in
Computer Science, 2769). Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2003. ISBN
3-540-40726-X.
3rd ECDL Workshop on Web Archives, Trondheim, Norway, 21 August
2003.
The full-text of all papers delivered at this workshop are now
available at: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/ecdl/2003/
ERPANET Training Seminars - the briefing papers, presentation slides and
other documentation for the two most recent training seminars are now available
from the ERPANET Web pages:
Preserving the Web, Kerkira, Greece, 22-24 May, 2003. http://www.erpanet.org/www/products/kerkira/Kerkira.htm
Metadata in digital preservation, Marburg, Germany, 3-5
September 2003.
http://www.erpanet.org/www/products/marburg/marburg.htm
DC-2003 - 2003 Dublin Core Conference, Supporting Communities of
Discourse and Practice - Metadata Research & Applications, Seattle,
Washington, USA, 28-September - 2 October 2003
Papers from DC-2003 are now available from the conference Web
pages: http://dc2003.ischool.washington.edu/
5.2 Forthcoming Events
November:
Museum Computer Network, MCN Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada,
USA, 5-8 November 2003 http://www.mcn.edu/Mcn2003/index.html
'Parallel lives' - Digital and Analog Options for Access and
Preservation, Joint conference of the National Preservation Office and King's
College London, British Library Conference Centre, London, 10 November
2003 http://www.bl.uk/services/preservation/conf03.html
Accademia nazionale dei Lincei/ERPANET Workshop on Trusted
Digital Repositories for Cultural Digital Heritage, Accademia nazionale dei
Lincei, Rome, Italy, 17-19 Nov 2003 http://www.erpanet.org/php/Rome/workshop.htm
AMIA Annual Conference 2003, Vancouver, Canada, 18 - 22 Nov
2003 http://www.amianet.org/04_Annual/Annual.html
December:
ICADL 2003 - 6th International Conference of Asian Digital
Libraries: Digital Libraries: Technology and Management of Indigenous Knowledge
for Global Access, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 8-11 Dec 2003 ,
http://www.ftsm.ukm.my/ICADL2003/
ERPANET/CODATA International Archiving Workshop on the
Selection, Appraisal and Retention of Digital Scientific Data, Biblioteca
Nacional, Lisbon, Portugal, 15-17 Dec 2003 http://www.erpanet.org/php/Lisbon/workshop.htm
2004
February:
ICDL 2004 - International Conference on Digital Libraries :
Knowledge Creation, Preservation, Access and Management, New Delhi, India,
24-27 Feb 2004 http://www.teriin.org/events/icdl/
April:
IS&T Archiving Conference, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 20-23
April 2004 http://www.imaging.org/conferences/archiving2004/
A more comprehensive list of forthcoming events is available from the
PADI Web site: http://www.nla.gov.au/padi/format/event.html
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF AUSTRALIA, Canberra, ACT 2600, AUSTRALIA
Telephone + 61 2 6262 1111; Facsimile +61 2 6257 1703; Telephone Typewriter
Number: 1800 026 372
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