Preservation metadata
Essential to ensuring long-term accessibility is the development of structured ways to describe and record information needed to manage the preservation of digital resources. This is commonly called preservation metadata. In contrast to descriptive metadata schemas (e.g. MARC, Dublin Core), which are used in the discovery and identification of digital objects, preservation metadata is sometimes considered a subset of administrative metadata, assisting in the management of information, and technical metadata, assisting current access to the digital content.
Preservation metadata is intended to store technical details on the format, structure and use of the digital content, the history of all actions performed on the resource including changes and decisions, the authenticity information such as technical features or custody history, and the responsibilities and rights information applicable to preservation actions.
Research Overview
Current experience in preservation metadata is largely developmental with several efforts proposing extensive sets of elements and high level guidelines. The next horizon will be for implementing these metadata elements in the growing community of digital object management systems.
The Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS) model has been utilised by many initiatives developing preservation metadata sets. It provides a useful reference point to ensure all relevant information has been included.
The OAIS categorises the information required for preservation as:
- Content Information
- Representation Information
- Preservation Description Information (broken down into Reference, Context, Provenance, and Fixity Information)
- Packaging Information.
Pioneering work in preservation metadata in the library community by CEDARS ,NEDLIB , The National Library of Australia and Harvard University was compared and analysed by the OCLC/RLG Working Group on Preservation Metadata. This working group included representatives from leading institutions and culminated in June 2002 in the production of a framework for implementing preservation metadata according to the recommendations in the OAIS reference model.
Following on from this work, the Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies (PREMIS) Working Group was convened by OCLC and RLG in 2003, with the goal of creating an implementable set of "core" preservation metadata elements, with broad applicability within the digital preservation community. Major outcomes from the PREMIS Working Group included, in 2004, a survey of preservation repository implementations, and the "Data Dictionary for Preservation Metadata: Final Report of the PREMIS Working Group" and its supporting XML schemas, which were released in May 2005. The ongoing work of maintaining, supporting, and coordinating future revisions to the PREMIS Data Dictionary is undertaken through the PREMIS Maintenance Activity, hosted by the Library of Congress.
In addition, work on some specific materials such as archives or digitised images has already established implementations of recording technical and administrative details akin to preservation metadata. For example see work by National Archives of Australia and the Data Dictionary - Technical metadata for still images.
Text last updated: Jul 2007
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- Long-term Preservation of Digital Humanities Scholarship
Cantara, Linda
(Date Created: 2006)
- Digital preservation metadata requirements of digital humanities resources.
- http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentType=A
rticle&contentId=1541922
-

Automatic Exposure: Capturing Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images
Research Libraries Group
(Date Created: Jan 2004)
(United States of America)
- This article explores a Research Libraries Group (RLG) initiative that seeks to enable cultural heritage institutions capture the data elements proposed by the draft standard, NISO Z39.87 Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images. This standard provides a set of data elements, essential to an institution’s ability to manage and preserve its digital images. Included in the article are ways cultural heritage institutions are dealing with the capture of technical metadata and gives examples of harvesting tools that have been employed by cultural heritage institutions world-wide.
- http://www.oclc.org/programs/ourwork/past/automaticexposure/ae_whitepa
per_2003.pdf
- Battle of the Buzzwords : Flexibility vs. Interoperability When Implementing PREMIS in METS
Guenther, Rebecca S.
In: D-Lib magazine
(Date Created: Jul 2008)
(United States of America)
- This article considers the issues in using PREMIS with METS and introduces the Guidelines for using PREMIS with METS for exchange which have been developed by the PREMIS Maintenance Activity in order to address some of the difficulties.
- http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july08/guenther/07guenther.html
-
Building A Digital Library Of Television News
Breeding, Marshall
(Date Created: Jun 2003)
(United States of America)
- This article is a brief overview of the processes involved in establishing a digital archive of television news videotapes at the Vanderbilt Television News Archives in the USA. The author examines some technical apects of converting and preserving the videotape into a digital format; explains the different phases of the project, such as the creation of metadata and the establishment of the digitisation process; and provides an overview of the costs and challenges facing the project.
- http://www.librarytechnology.org/ltg-displaytext.pl?RC=10346
- Also available in PDF version, Computers in Libraries, June 2003, Vol 23, Issue 6, ISSN 1041-7915 and by subscription online at www.ebscohost.com/
-
Building a Robust Knowledge Base for Digital Formats
Ockerbloom, John Mark
(Date Created: 21 Apr 2004)
(United States of America)
- FRED (Format REgistry Demonstrator) is a proof-of-concept prototype format registry which is part of the Mellon-funded TOM (Typed Object Model) project. This is a brief overview of FRED and includes characteristics of the registry, how formats are described and future challenges.
- http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:MS2-0fFViSkJ:www.diglib.org/forum
s/spring2004/powerpoint/ockerbloom0404.ppt+Building+a+Robust+Knowledge +Base+for+Digital+Formats&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1
-
Can We Save Our Audio-visual Heritage?
Teruggi, Daniel
In: Ariadne
(Date Created: 30 Apr 2004)
- PrestoSpace is the new FP6 integrated project, a major international initiative seeking to find preservation solutions for analogue media. The Programme deals with different components essential for preservation including restoration, storage, archive management and description (metadata). PestoSpace covers digital preservation of all types of audio-visual collections.
- http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue39/teruggi/
-

Capturing Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images
Dale, Robin L.; Waibel, Günter
In: RLG DigiNews
(Date Created: 15 Oct 2004)
- This article examines the importance of technical metadata in the preservation of digital images. It describes NISO (National Information Standards Organization) Z39.87 and the documentation of file formats, the development of a data dictionary independent of file formats by PREMIS, the automatic exposure initiative which will automate technical metadata collection and emerging developments in archival file formats.
- http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/08/08/0000070511/viewer/file1
195.html#article1
-

Cedars Metadata Brainstorming : A Report From a Meeting : Cedars Project Document AIS03
Day, Michael, Metadata Officer, UKOLN
(Last Updated: 18 Jun 1999)
- A report from a meeting held in the Royal Historical Society Meeting Room, Main Library, University College London, 24 May 1999.
- http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/cedars/papers/ais03/
-

CEDARS Project Report: April 1998 - March 2001
CEDARS Project Team
(Date Created: Jun 2001)
(United Kingdom)
- The report of the first three years of the CEDARS project, a focussed investigation into digital preservation issues. The report comprises an overview of the CEDARS demonstrator archive established across the CEDARS partners, the universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Leeds, and contains case studies for a variety of deposited digital materials and basic recommendations for use of migration and emulation as preservation strategies. The report also provides guidance and recommendations on organisational and management issues. The full report is available for download as PostScript or PDF.
- http://www.leeds.ac.uk/cedars/OurPublications/cedarsrepmar01exec.html
-
Collaboration between RLG and OCLC With Digital Archiving Initiatives
Bellinger, Meg; Dale, Robin
In: RLG DigiNews
(Date Created: Dec 2001)
(United States of America)
- An interview with Robin Dale of the Research Libraries Group and Meg Bellinger of OCLC Digital & Preservation Resources, in which they discuss the collaboration of RLG and OCLC in digital archiving initiatives, including the joint preservation metadata intiative, characterisation of reliable digital archives and long-term digital archiving programs. Anticipated future collaborations and perceived obstacles to digital preservation are also noted.
- http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/08/08/0000070513/viewer/file1
628.html#interview
- Data Dictionary for Preservation Metadata : Final Report of the PREMIS Working Group
PREMIS (PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies) Working Group
(Date Created: May 2005)
(United States of America)
- In 2003, the OCLC and RLG established the PREMIS Working group of which this is the final 237 page report. The report explains and contextualises the data dictionary which is a set of core preservation metadata applicable to digital preservation. Included in the report are the data model, the PREMIS Data Dictionary version 1.0 and examples for describing various media.
- http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/pmwg/premis-final.pdf
- Data Model for Preservation Metadata
Di Iorio, Angela
(Date Created: 02 Nov 2007)
- This briefing paper from Digital Preservation Europe provides an overview of the work of the PREMIS (Preservation Metadata; Implementation Strategies) working group, summarises the PREMIS data model and introduces the PREMIS data dictionary.
- http://www.digitalpreservationeurope.eu/publications/briefs/PREMIS_DiI
orio_last_3.pdf
- Digital Preservation Europe Briefing Paper
-
Developing a Digital Preservation Strategy at Edinburgh University Library
Semple, Najla
(Date Created: Jan 2004)
(United Kingdom)
- This article concentrates on a digital preservation pilot project developed at the Edinburgh University Library. It not only provides the background to the project, but includes descriptions of preservation metadata schema, the main features of the Library’s OAIS -based pilot archive, its integration of the METS standard, as well as plans for merging both METS and OAIS into the Library’s new digital object management system.
- http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/03055720410530979
- Also available in PDF version and in VINE, Vol 34, No 1, 2004, pp. 33-37, ISSN 0305-5278 (Special Issue: Digital Preservation and Libraries. Part One).
- Developing a Trusted Digital Repository: the OCLC Experience
Lawson, Dawn; Spies, Phyllis B
(Date Created: Jan 2004)
(United States of America)
- This article focuses on the OCLC’s (Online Computer Library Centre) experience in developing a digital archive. The development of standards for digital archiving and preservation metadata with RLG (Research Libraries Group) in defining the main attributes of a trust digital repository is described, as are the main tools and functions of the archive including the harvest, ingest and dissemination of archived objects. The Connecticut State Library’s use of OCLC’s Web archiving tools is also discussed.
- http://ninetta.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/03055720410530960
- Also available in PDF version and in VINE, Vol 34, No 1, 2004, pp. 27-32, ISSN 0305-5278 (Special Issue: Digital Preservation and Libraries. Part One).
- Developing Preservation Metadata for Use in Grid-Based Preservation
Hutt, Arwen; Kozbial, Ardys; McDonald, Robert; Sutton, Don; Westbrook, Brad
(Date Created: 29 Sep 2008)
(United States of America)
- This paper given at iPRES 2008 (British Library Conference Centre, 29-30 Sept. 2008) describes the preservation metadata to be used for the Chronopolis Digital Preservation Framework being developed collaboratively in the U.S. as a digital preservation system within a grid-based network.
- http://www.bl.uk/ipres2008/presentations_day1/23_Hutt.pdf
-
Digital Preservation : an Introduction to the Standards Issues Surrounding the Deposit of Non-Print Publications
Bide, M., Potter, E. J. , Watkinson, A.
(Date Created: Sep 1999)
(United Kingdom)
- This study aims to focus attention on the issues surrounding legal deposit of electronic publications in the United Kingdom. The report defines electronic publications, how they should be selected for legal deposit and provides an outline of digital preservation strategies. The study provides a good summary of relevant digital preservation issues, focussing on legal deposit.
- ISBN: 1873671253
- http://www.bic.org.uk/files/pdfs/digpres.pdf
-

Digital Preservation: The Australian Experience
Woodyard, Deborah
(Date Created: Oct 2000)
(Australia)
- This paper, presented at the 3rd Digital Library Conference: Positioning the Fountain of Knowledge, discusses how and what is being digitally preserved in Australia. Current projects include standardizing metadata and preserving audio collections and electronic publications. Cooperative projects, such as PANDORA and PADI are two of the projects mentioned.
- http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/dw001004.html
-
Digitisation of Library Materials: Report of the Concertation Meeting and Workshop held in Luxembourg 14 December 1998
European Commission. Directorate General XIII-E/4. Telematics for Libraries. Ed. Marc Fresko, Applerace Ltd.
(Date Created: Jan 1999)
(Luxembourg)
- Proceedings of a Concertation Meeting and Workshop organised by the European Commission, Directorate General XIII-E/4, Telematics for Libraries which brought together many with experience in creating digital copies of materials held in libraries. A discussion of metadata for managing digital objects is included as is a comparative study of digital preservation guidelines.
- ftp://ftp.cordis.lu/pub/ist/docs/digicult/digit.pdf
-
IASSIST 2000 : Data in the Digital Library: social, spatial, and government data services: Electronic Presentation Archive
University of Chicago
(Date Created: Jun 2000)
(United States of America)
- Presentations at the 26th conference of the International Association for Social Science Information Services and Technology (IASSIST) related to managing, preserving and providing access to digital collections in archives and libraries.
- http://www.src.uchicago.edu/datalib/ia2000/presentations/presentation.
htm
-
Implementing Metadata in Digital Preservation Systems : the PREMIS Activity
Lavoie, Brian F.
In: D-Lib magazine
(Date Created: Apr 2004)
(United States of America)
- This article briefly discusses the current and future activities of the PREMIS project. The history and background to the development of PREMIS is also discussed.
- http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april04/lavoie/04lavoie.html
-

Implementing Preservation Repositories for Digital Materials : Current Practice and Emerging Trends in the Cultural Heritage Community : a Report by the PREMIS Working Group
OCLC/RLG PREMIS Working Group
(Date Created: Sep 2004)
- PREMIS, an international working group jointly sponsored by OCLC and RLG, reports the findings of a survey focused on current implementations and preservation metadata management practices of digital preservation repositories. The survey was conducted between December 2003 and February 2004 and drew respondents from 48 libraries, archives and other institutions from Europe, the United States, Australia and New Zealand. The survey covered repository services, models and policies, as well as architecture, storage, preservation processes and metadata. The report summarises and analyses the range of responses and notes a number of trends emerging in practice.
- http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/pmwg/surveyreport.pdf
-

Information Infrastructures for Digital Preservation : A One Day Workshop : Conference Presentations
6 Dec 2000
Research Libraries Group
- Papers from digital preservation workshop.
- http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/09/28/0000073852/viewer/file5
26.html
-

Integrating Metadata Schema Registries With Digital Preservation Systems To Support Interoperability: A Proposal
Day, Michael
(Date Created: 2003)
- A paper presented by Michael Day at the 2003 Dublin Core Conference in Seattle argued that metadata registries may assist in managing metadata in repositories and may also support the re-use and exchange of metadata and/or information packages. The paper describes the development of metadata schemas by national libraries, research initiatives, recordkeeping institutions and digitisation programs and notes that interoperability between these schemas is desirable. Day suggests that metadata registries may be a useful tool that provide authoritative information on schema and element specifications and inter-scheme mappings. They could possibly also support the re-use of metadata and the exchange of information packages between trusted repositories.
- http://www.siderean.com/dc2003/101_paper38.pdf
-

Integrity and Authenticity of Digital Cultural Heritage Objects
DigiCult Consortium
(Date Created: Aug 2002)
- The first of three thematic issue papers from the Preservation and Enhancement of Cultural Heritage Unit of the Information Society Directorate General of the European Commission addresses issues of preservation of the integrity and authenticity of digital objects. Amongst the articles are a discussion of what constitutes authenticity, a paper outlining the level at which authenticity should be addressed, a listing of standards and projects, and an argument for cooperation. The journal is illustrated with case studies from traditional archives as well as sound and vision archives.
- http://www.digicult.info/downloads/thematic_issue_1_final.pdf
-
Invest to Save: Report and Recommendations of the NSF-DELOS Working Group on Digital Archiving and Preservation
Hedstrom, Margaret; Ross, Seamus
(Date Created: 2003)
- This report identifies research challenges, development opportunities and solutions for problems associated with the preservation of digital information. Consisting of six main areas, the report presents digital preservation challenges; looks at the benefits of long-term preservation; summarises a set of principles and assumptions to guide the research agenda; highlights the work to date within this field; discusses a research agenda, including emerging research; and addresses the need for additional areas of support.
- http://eprints.erpanet.org/archive/00000048/01/Digitalarchiving.pdf
- Investigation into Archiving Geospatial Data Formats
Banning, John; Hoebelheinrich, Nancy
(Date Created: 11 Mar 2008)
(United States of America)
- This study investigated the kind of information required in archiving geospatial data and documents the research that was undertaken into metadata models and data elements. It compares three different approaches the FGDC content standard, PREMIS and the guidelines for Geospatial Electronic Records.
- http://www.ngda.org/reports/NGDA%20Reports/InvestigateGeoDataFinal.pdf
-

Issues and Approaches to Preservation Metadata
Day, Michael; UKOLN
(Last Updated: 24 Feb 1999)
- The creation and use of metadata is likely to become an important part of all digital preservation strategies whether they are based on hardware and software conservation, emulation or migration. The UK Cedars project aims to promote awareness of the importance of digital preservation, to produce strategic frameworks for digital collection management policies and to promote methods appropriate for long-term preservation - including the creation of appropriate metadata.
- http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/presentations/rlg-npo/warwick.html
- also at: http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/presentations/rlg-npo/warwick.html
- JHOVE2 : a Next-Generation Architecture for Format-Aware Digital Object Preservation Formatting
Harvard University Library
(Last Updated: 01 Jun 2006)
(United States of America)
- The paper discusses the scope of the JHOVE2 (JSTOR/Harvard Object Validation Environment) project proposal. This project will seek to retain existing JHOVE functionality and refactor the existing architecture, support enhancements, increase the range of supported formats, and develop modules for supporting key preservation processes. Input from the JHOVE user community will be sought as part of the design phase. The proposal was submitted by Harvard University, Portico, and Stanford University to the Library of Congress under the National Digital Information Infrastructure Preservation Program (NDIIPP) initiative.
- http://hul.harvard.edu/jhove/JHOVE2-proposal.doc
-

Like Russian Dolls : Nesting Standards for Digital Preservation
Waibel, Gunter
In: RLG DigiNews
(Date Created: 15 Jun 2003)
- This article discusses three standards for digital preservation, the Open Archival Information System (OAIS), the Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) and the NISO Data Dictionary - Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images. The article describes what the standards do and how they can be utilised, noting especially the hierarchical relationship of the three standards, such that the higher level one provides a framework for those below it.
- http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/08/08/0000070519/viewer/file9
26.html#feature2
-
Linking Preservation Metadata and Collection Management Policies
Calanag, Maria Luisa; Sugimoto, Shigeo; Tabata, Koichi
(Date Created: 2004)
- This article focuses on the link between institutional policies and successful long term preservation of digital data. The study has found that in order to do this it is crucial to develop preservation guides that address the metadata granularity issues. The study highlighted a need for flexible approach when determining preservation metadata levels, since highly structured metadata can be set at a higher, collection level, while lower confidence in stability of digital data would require file level metadata. This approach leads to a concept of metadata encapsulated objects, which although representing primarily technical requirements, need also to be addressed at policy level in order to render successful preservation strategies.
- http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mcb/171/2004/00000023/00000002/a
rt00002
- in Collection Building (0160-4953), Vol. 23, no. 2 (2004) pp 56-63.
-

Long-Term Preservation of Electronic Publications: the NEDLIB Project
Titia van der Werf-Davelaar, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The National Library of the Netherlands
In: D-Lib magazine
(Date Created: Sep 1999)
- This article describes the NEDLIB project and explains how it is developing a deposit system for electronic publications (DSEP) on the basis of the OAIS model. Metadata for preservation and emulation experiments are also discussed.
- http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september99/vanderwerf/09vanderwerf.html
-
Long-Term Preservation of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Liegmann, Hans
(Date Created: May 2003)
(Germany)
- This paper describes Die Deutsche Bibliotek's voluntary deposit system for ETDs (electronic theses and dissertations) using NEDLIB's process model and incorporating the Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS). Issues discussed include preservation metadata, submission and transfer processes for ETDs and trusted digital repositories.
- http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/etd2003/liegmann-hans/HTML/index.html
- Metadata
Day, Michael
In: DCC Digital Curation Manual
(Date Created: 25 Jan 2006)
- This instalment of the DCC Digital Curation Manual is a good introduction to metadata and preservation metadata, especially within the context of digital curation. It provides definitions, discusses the importance of, and uses for, metadata. There are also sections devoted to the OAIS model, preservation metadata, standards and package formats such as METS.
- http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resource/curation-manual/chapters/metadata/
- Available in html and pdf.
-

Metadata Approach to Preservation of Digital Resources: The University of North Texas Libraries' Experience
Cathy Nelson Hartman; Daniel Gelaw Alemneh; Samantha Kelly Hastings
(Date Created: Aug 2002)
(United States of America)
- (Publisher abstract:) "Preserving long-term access to digital information resources is one of the key challenges facing libraries and information centers today. The University of North Texas (UNT) Libraries has entered into partnership agreements with federal and state agencies to ensure permanent storage and public access to a variety of government information sources. As digital resource preservation encompasses a wide variety of interrelated activities, the UNT Libraries are taking a phased approach to ensure the long-term access to its digital resources. Formulation of preservation policy and creation of preservation metadata for electronic files and digital collections are among the most important steps. This paper discusses the issues related to digital resources preservation and demonstrates the role of preservation metadata in facilitating the preservation activities in general. In particular, it describes the efforts being made by the UNT libraries to ensure the long-term access and preservation of various digital information resources."
- http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view
/981/902
-

Metadata for Digital Preservation : An Update
Day, Michael
In: Ariadne
(Date Created: 21 Dec 1999)
- In this article, Michael Day reviews recent activities related to the development of metadata schemes for digital preservation. He outlines the emulation and migration-based strategies for digital preservation and the role that preservation metadata is poised to play in both these approaches. He reviews both library and archives-based initiatives in this area. He describes the OAIS model and its implications for the development of preservation metadata.
- http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue22/metadata/
- In Ariadne, Issue 22
- Metadata for Digital Preservation: The CEDARS Project Outline Specification
The Cedars Project Team and UKOLN
(Date Created: Mar 2000)
- This document describes the metadata elements which the Cedars project has identified as being useful to ensure that digital library resources can be archived and used in the future.
- http://www.leeds.ac.uk/cedars/OutlineSpec.htm
- http://www.leeds.ac.uk/cedars/OTHER/SRoss.htm
-

Metadata for Long Term Preservation (NEDLIB-LB 5648 D4.2)
Catherine Lupovici; Masanès, Julien
(Date Created: 21 Jul 2000)
- This report aims to define the minimum metadata elements required for longterm preservation and in particular for the functioning of the NEDLIB DSEP (deposit system for electronic publications). The OAIS model is used as a basis for the DSEP model and its metadata.
- http://nedlib.kb.nl/results/D4.2/D4.2.htm
- Also available in pdf
-

Metadata for Preservation : CEDARS Project Document AIW01
Day, Michael
In: Cedars : Curl Exemplars in Digital Archives Project
(Last Updated: 3 Aug 1998)
(United Kingdom)
- This report is a review of metadata formats and initiatives in the area of digital preservation. It supplements the DESIRE Review of metadata (Dempsey et al. 1997). It is based on a literature review and information derived from a number of workshops.
- http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/cedars/AIW01.html
-

Metadata Framework Developed at the Tsinghua University Library to Aid in the Preservation of Digital Resources
Niu, Jinfang
(Date Created: Nov 2002)
(China)
- This article describes a metadata framework developed at Tsinghua University, China, as part of the EMANI project with Goettingen State and University Library, Germany, Cornell University Library in the United States and Orsyell Library, France. The framework includes modules for rights, technical, descriptive, source and process metadata, allows description of resource structure and utilises the Metadata Transmission and Encoding Standard (METS).
- http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november02/niu/11niu.html
-

Metadata to Support Data Quality and Longevity
Rothenberg, Jeff
(Last Updated: 3 Jun 1996)
- This paper discusses two key needs for metadata: to support data quality and to ensure the longevity of data. In the latter category, the need for encapsulation with metadata which will enable future emulation is discussed.
- http://web.archive.org/web/20040727082521/http://www.computer.org/conf
erences/meta96/rothenberg_paper/ieee.data-quality.html
-

Moving Frontier : Archiving, Preservation and Tomorrow's Digital Heritage
Berthon, Hilary; Webb, Colin
(Date Created: Feb 2000)
(Australia)
- This paper reviews international progress in digital archiving and preservation over the past one to two years. There have been developments in international collaboration, many archiving models are being tested, active work on a range of facilitating issues, and an ongoing debate over the most appropriate preservation strategies. A growing trend noted is the ongoing commitment of sharing information, for example, the redevelopment of the PADI website.
- http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/hberthon2.html
- PDFalso available from http://www.vala.org.au/vala2000/2000pdf/Ber_Web.PDF
-

OAI Rights White Paper : September 26 2003
Lagoze, Carl; Nelson, Michael; Van de Sompel, Herbert; Warner, Simeon
(Date Created: 26 Aug 2003)
- Instigated by the Open Archives Initiative and Project RoMEO, the OAI-rights white paper describes the scope and issues in OAI rights. The goal of OAI rights is to investigate and develop means of expressing rights about metadata and resources in the OAI framework. This paper is intended as a foundation for work aimed at incorporating structured rights expressions into the OAI-PMH. This work will be undertaken by a technical group called oai-rights, and will result in a set of OAI-PMH (Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) guidelines scheduled for release in second quarter 2004
- http://www.openarchives.org/documents/OAIRightsWhitePaper.html
-

PDF/A: Developing a File Format for Long-Term Preservation
LeFurgy, William G
In: RLG DigiNews
(Date Created: 15 Dec 2003)
(United States of America)
- This article looks at current developments in the USA into the long-term preservation of text-based digital documents. A working group has prepared a draft preservation standard for Adobe�s Portable Format Document (PDF). Known as PDF/A, the standard �intends to specify the use of PDF in a manner that is specifically geared to long-term management and use. PDF/A would be ideally suited for documents whose content and appearance must remain stable over long periods of time�.
- http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/08/08/0000070511/viewer/file1
491.html#feature1
- Practical Preservation : the PREMIS Experience
Caplan, Priscilla; Guenther, Rebecca
(Date Created: Jun 2005)
- PREMIS was established to focus on the practical aspects of implementing preservation metadata in digital preservation. This article outlines the history, methods, issues and deliverables of the PREMIS Working Group and its subgroups, the Core Elements workgroup and the Implementation Strategies workgroup.
- http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/caplan_guenther-librarytrends.pdf
- Library Trends, Vol. 54, no. 1 (Summer 2005)
- PREMIS : Preservation Metadata - Implementation Strategies Update 1: Implementing Preservation Repositories for Digital Materials: Current Practice and Emerging Trends in the Cultural Heritage Community
Caplan, Priscilla
In: RLG DigiNews
(Date Created: 15 Oct 2004)
- This article, the first of a series, reports on the PREMIS survey Implementing Preservation Repositories for Digital Materials : Current Practice and Emerging Trends in the Cultural Heritage Community : a Report by the PREMIS Working Group. This is a survey of cultural heritage institutions who are developing or planning a preservation repository. General observations are made of some of the results such as metadata practices and the need for metadata standards. Proposed future activies of PREMIS are also canvassed.
- http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/08/08/0000070511/viewer/file1
195.html#article2
- PREMIS : Preservation Metadata Implementation Strategies Update 2: Core Elements for Metadata to Support Digital Preservation
Guenther, Rebecca
In: RLG DigiNews
(Date Created: 15 Nov 2004)
- This article reports on the Core Activities Subgroup of PREMIS Working Group. It describes the development of a data dictionary, which is a list of core elements and detailed information about how to apply them to support the long-term preservation of digital objects. Also described is the data model used to provide structure to the dictionary. Future plans such as the development the testbeds and XML schemas to implement the data dictionary are also discussed.
- http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/08/08/0000070511/viewer/file1
552.html#article2
- PREMIS Requirement Statement Project Report
Clifton, Gerard; Langley, Somaya; Lee, Bronwyn
(Date Created: Jul 2006)
- This is the report of the Presta-Premis Requirement Statement Project which was conducted from December 2005 to June 2006. It was undertaken by the National Library of Australia for the Australian Partnership on Sustainable Repositories (APSR). The report specifies requirements for the collection metadata needed for long tem continuity of access to digital collections. The report includes recommendations on preservation metadata elements including mandatory elements; recommendations on tools for automatic metadata extraction; a recommended list of supported formats and a draft METS profile for exchanging preservation metadata and functional specifications and use cases for preservation events and event logging. The report concludes with a summary of 14 recommendations.
- http://www.apsr.edu.au/publications/presta.pdf
- PREMIS With a Fresh Coat of Paint : Highlights from the Revision of the PREMIS Data Dictionary for Preservation Metadata
Lavoie, Brian F.
In: D-Lib magazine
(Date Created: May 2008)
(United States of America)
- This article provides an overview of the activities of the PREMIS editorial commitee. It discusses the review process for the PREMIS Data Dictionary and highlights changes to the data model, rights entity, significant properties and preservation level and extensibility. The article also briefly reports on other recent activities (commissioned reports and tutorials) and proposed future activities such as a registry of controlled vocabularies and relationship of PREMIS and METS.
- http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may08/lavoie/05lavoie.html
- Preservation and Metadata
Maxymuk, John
(Date Created: 31 Aug 2010)
- This article provides an basic overview and definition of metadata and gives examples of various metadata initiatives.
- http://ariel.emeraldinsight.com/vl=4721610/cl=40/nw=1/fm=html/rpsv/cw/
mcb/0888045x/v18n3/s8/p146
-
Preservation Metadata
Day, Michael
(Date Created: 11 Dec 2003)
- This chapter provides an introduction to preservation metadata. It features the OAIS model and issues such as costs and interoperability. The author concludes that more practical applications and experience needs to be developed in the future.
- http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/publications/iylim-2003/
- Prepublication draft of chapter published in: G. E. Gorman and Daniel G. Dorner (eds.), Metadata applications and management, International Yearbook of Library and Information Management, 2003-2004
- Preservation Metadata
Gartner, Richard; Lavoie, Brian
(Date Created: Sep 2005)
- This is a technology watch report from the Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC). It presents a comprehensive view of developments in preservation metadata, including METS, OAIS and Premis. It also includes useful background information, such as why preservation metadata is important and the requirements in the development of a preservation metadata schema. Examples are used to illustrate various developments. This is recommended reading for both the beginner to preservation metadata and more experienced practitioners.
- http://www.dpconline.org/docs/reports/dpctw05-01.pdf
- DPC Technology watch report 05-01
- Preservation Metadata
Caplan, Priscilla
In: DCC Digital Curation Manual
(Date Created: Aug 2006)
- This instalment of the Digital Curation Manual features preservation metadata including its significant properties and technical specifications. It examines the use of preservation metadata in the digital curation life cycle and discusses issues such as provenance and file format specification.
- http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resource/curation-manual/chapters/preservation-me
tadata/
- Also available in pdf.
- Preservation Metadata - A Framework for 3D Data Based on the Semantic Web
Doyle, Julie; Viktor, Herna L.; Paquet, Eric
(Date Created: 16 Nov 2008)
- This poster paper given at ICDIM 2008 (3rd International Conference on Digital Information Management, Nov. 13-16 2008, University of East London, UK) focuses on the challenge of anticipating what semantic information should be included within a metadata framework for 3D digital objects and in what format it should be modelled. The paper provides a brief overview of related work and then describes the preservation metadata framework being developed at the National Research Council of Canada.
- http://iit-iti.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/iit-publications-iti/docs/NRC-50421.pdf
- NRC 50421, paper given at ICDIM 2008.
-

Preservation Metadata : Pragmatic First Steps at the National Library of New Zealand
Searle, Sam; Thomson, Dave
In: D-Lib magazine
(Date Created: Apr 2003)
(New Zealand)
- This article outlines the development of the National Library of New Zealand’s (NLNZ) preservation Metadata Schema. The four entities of the NLNZ schema are discussed - the international context of preservation metadata, the local business requirements, and the future development and activities of NLNZ in preservation metadata.
- http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april03/thompson/04thompson.html
-

Preservation Metadata and Digital Continuity
Knight, Steve
In: DigiCULT.Info Newsletter
(Date Created: Feb 2003)
(New Zealand)
- This article describes the National Library of New Zealand's digital preservation programme generally as well as describing the development of a preservation metadata schema as a means to ensure that digital resources are accessible in the long term. The schema, still under development, involves the preservation metadata applying to a 'logical object' which is then used as the preservation master. The author also discusses future issues that need to be addressed in order for the Library to be acknowledged as a 'trusted repository for New Zealand's digital heritage.
- http://data.digicult.info/download/digicult_info3_low.pdf
-

Preservation Metadata for Digital Collections
Bradley, Kevin; Phillips, Margaret; Webb, Colin; Woodyard, Deborah
(Date Created: 15 Oct 1999)
(Australia)
- A working group from the National Library of Australia has drafted this document to propose a set of metadata that will be required specifically for the purposes of preservation of digital materials.
- http://www.nla.gov.au/preserve/pmeta.html
-

Preservation Metadata for Digital Objects : A Review of the State of the Art
OCLC/RLG Working Group on Preservation Metadata
(Date Created: 31 Jan 2001)
- A white paper of the OCLC/RLG Working Group on Preservation Metadata, this fifty-page report examines current progress in preservation metadata development.
- http://www.oclc.org/research/pmwg/presmeta_wp.pdf
-

Preservation Metadata Initiatives : Practicality, Sustainability and Interoperability
Day, Michael
(Date Created: Oct 2004)
- This article discusses various specific and generic preservation metadata initiatives. Also discussed are sustainability and interoperability issues that arise from their development and use, including file format registries and metadata registries.
- http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/preservation/publications/erpanet-marburg/day-p
aper.pdf
- In: Frank M. Bischoff, Hans Hofman and Seamus Ross, Metadata in preservation: selected papers from an ERPANET Seminar at the Archives School Marburg, 3-5 September 2003.
-
Provision of Digital Preservation Metadata : a Role for ONIX?
Brindley, Gavin; Muir, Adrienne; Probets, Steve
(Date Created: Jul 2004)
- ONIX is a metadata standard used in the publishing industry for data exchange. This article examines the suitability of ONIX metadata for digital preservation metadata requirements. The article describes the background to digital preservation before analysing whether ONIX could be integrated into and help populate the existing preservation metadata frameworks.
- http://www.emeraldinsight.com/rpsv/cw/mcb/00330337/v38n4/s3/p240
- in Program : Electronic Library and Information Systems, ISSN 0033-0337, Vol. 38, issue 4, 2004, pp. 240-250.
- Quantitative Evaluation of Dissemination-Time Preservation Metadata
Nelson, Michael L.; Smith, Joan A.
(Date Created: 15 Sep 2008)
(United States of America)
- This paper presented at ECDL 2008 (Aarhus, Denmark 14-20 September 2008) discusses the feasibility of using a web server for just in time preservation metadata generation and selection of utilities to improve performance.
- http://www.cs.odu.edu/~mln/pubs/ecdl-2008/preservation-metadata-ecdl-2
008.pdf
- Also available in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 5173/2008, pp 346-357
-
Report on the Meeting of Experts on Digital Preservation : Metadata Specifications
United States Government Printing Office
(Date Created: Jun 2004)
- The Report on the Meeting of Experts on Digital Preservation: Metadata Specifications is a summary of the second of two meetings held to assist GPO (United States Government Printing Office) in developing specifications for the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) digitization project. This meeting, focusing on descriptive and preservation metadata, was held at GPO on June 14, 2004. A summary of the overall discussion of the experts and the necessary resources for the metadata package submission are included in the report.
- http://www.gpoaccess.gov/about/reports/metadata_report_final.pdf
-

Resource Harvesting within the OAI-PMH Framework
Lagoze, Carl; Nelson, Michael L.; Warner, Simeon; van de Sompel, Herbert
In: D-Lib magazine
(Date Created: Dec 2004)
- http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december04/vandesompel/12vandesompel.html
-
Review: Some Comments on Preservation Metadata and the OAIS Model
Hofman, Hans
In: DigiCULT.Info Newsletter
(Date Created: Oct 2002)
- A review and critique by Hans Hofman, appearing in DigiCULT.info 2 (October 2002), of the report by the OCLC/RLG Working Group on Preservation Metadata. The need for greater attention to the relationship between preservation processes and metadata and the requirements of the records and archival community in terms of record authenticity, context and relationships are noted. The article is available by accessing or downloading the entire DigiCULT.info 2 issue (PDF format).
- http://www.digicult.info/downloads/digicult_info2.pdf
- Rights in the PREMIS Data Model: A Report for the Library of Congress
Coyle, Karen
(Date Created: Dec 2006)
(United States of America)
- This report was commissioned by the Library of Congress to feed into the revision of the PREMIS Data standard May 2005 to improve the rights entity. This report considers the various definitions of rights, the state of rights metadata, and surveys legislative actions in various nations which will provide a legal standing for digital preservation activities.
- http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/Rights-in-the-PREMIS-Data-Model.pd
f
-

RLG Open Forum: Converging, Emerging Standards for Digital Preservation
Research Libraries Group
(Date Created: Jun 2002)
(United States of America)
- This page provides links to presentations made at the RLG Open Forum held on June 16, 2002, as part of the American Library Association (ALA) Annual Conference in Altanta, Georgia, USA. Topics include standards work in preservation metadata for various media, the Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) and work with the Open Archival Information Systems (OAIS) model.
- http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/09/28/0000073852/viewer/file5
46.html
-

RLG Working Group on Preservation Issues of Metadata, Final Report, May 1998
Research Libraries Group
(Last Updated: 21 May 1998)
- This group was asked to identify the descriptive data elements that should be associated with digital master files that have preservation-based intent. The group examined the Dublin core elements and the Program for Cooperative Cataloging's USMARC-based core record standard and have listed the data elements extra to these core element lists that they believe are important to serve preservation needs for digital masters.
- http://www.oclc.org/programs/ourwork/past/digpresmetadata/report.htm
-

Towards a Global Digital Format Registry
Abrams, Stephen L; Seaman, David
(Date Created: Aug 2003)
- Based on a preliminary working group of members from the international library and archive sector, this paper traces the group’s efforts in investigating the establishment a new global format registry for the purposes of supporting the long-term preservation of digital materials. The authors claim that the digital format registry “will maintain persistent, unambiguous bindings between public identifiers for digital representation formats and the significant syntactic and semantic properties of those formats”. The paper covers areas such as the registry’s mission statement, data and service models, governance structure and business issues. The development of the registry service model is informed by the ANSI X3.285 Metamodel for the Management of Shareable Data, the OASIS ebXML Registry and IANA MIME media types
- http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla69/papers/128e-Abrams_Seaman.pdf
- This paper was given at the World Library and Information Congress: 69th IFLA General Conference and Council, 1-9 August, 2003 in Berlin.
- Understanding PREMIS
Caplan, Priscilla
(Date Created: 01 Feb 2009)
(United States of America)
- This document provides an overview of the PREMIS preservation metadata standard and an easy introduction to the PREMIS Data Dictionary for Preservation Metadata.
- http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/understanding-premis.pdf
- Also available in Spanish translation, "Entender PREMIS" from http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/UnderstandingPREMISspanish.pdf
- Using METS, PREMIS and MODS for Archiving E-Journals
Dappert, Angela; Enders, Markus
In: D-Lib magazine
(Date Created: Sep 2008)
(United Kingdom)
- This article discusses the combined use of METS structural, PREMIS preservation and MODS descriptive metadata for the British Library's e-Journal system.
- http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september08/dappert/09dappert.html
-
-
Using XML for Long-term Preservation : Experiences from the DiVA Project
Andersson, Stefan; Hansson, Peter; Klosa, Uwe; Muller, Eva; Siira, Erik
(Date Created: May 2003)
(Sweden)
- This paper describes the DiVA (Digitala vetenskapliga arkivet) Project which originated at Uppsala University in Sweden. The goal of the project is to create a searchable archive (DiVA Archive) for the long term preservation of those documents which are published in an electronic form such as theses, essays and working papers. This paper includes discussion of XML as a long term preservation format, the DiVA document format and the use of URN (uniform resource names) as persistent identifiers.
- http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/etd2003/hansson-peter/HTML/index.html
Top
- PREMIS Data Dictionary for Preservation Metadata. Version 2.0
PREMIS Editorial Committee
(Date Created: Mar 2008)
(United States of America)
- This document (224 p., 3.0MB) is a revision of the Final Report released in May 2005, incorporating changes based on comments and experiences from implementers. Major changes include expanded rights metadata, more extensive significant properties and preservation level information and a mechanism for extensibility for a number of metadata units.
- http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/v2/premis-2-0.pdf
-

Preserving and Sharing Statistical Material
Royal Statistical Society; UK Data Archive
(Date Created: 2002)
(United Kingdom)
- This booklet is aimed at promoting the preservation and sharing of electronic data. it also discusses what should be preserved and includes the RSS Code of Best Practice on the Preservation and Sharing of Statistical Material.
- ISBN: 0-906805-02-3
- http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/news/publications/PreservingSharing.pdf
Top
- Data Dictionary for Preservation Metadata : PREMIS Tutorial
17 - 18 Jul 2006
, Wolfson Medical Building, University of Glasgow, Scotland
(United Kingdom)
- The tutorial will cover both the PREMIS Data Dictionary and practical implementation issues. It will provide a walk-through of the data dictionary on July 17th and focus on XML rendering on July 18th. Both days will include hands-on exercises. The event will also allow PREMIS implementers an opportunity to share their experiences via short case studies. Workshop presentations and exercises available from the website.
- http://www.dcc.ac.uk/events/premis-2006/
- Long Term Repositories : Taking the Shock Out of the Future
31 Aug - 01 Sep 2006
, Conference Room, National Library of Australia, Canberra
(Australia)
- This workshop is designed to increase the sustainability of institutional repositories through the use of preservation metadata. There are links to powerpoint presentations
- http://www.apsr.edu.au/longterm/index.htm
- PREMIS - Preservation Metadata : Implementation Strategies
05 - 06 Feb 2009
, Rome Italy
Foundation Rinascimento Digitale
(Italy)
- This workshop focuses on the PREMIS standard. It consists of two parts a tutorial by Rebecca Guenther providing an introduction to PREMIS and overview of current approaches for implementation and a Round Table evaluating the relationships between PREMIS and other metadata standards. Presentation slides and workshop report available from the website.
- http://www.rinascimento-digitale.it/PREMIS-workshop.phtml
-
TEI and XML in Digital Libraries
30 Jun - 1 Jul 1998
, Library of Congress
(United States of America)
- This two day meeting focused on institutional applications of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), particularly in library settings. The Digital Library Federation sponsored this meeting to give focus, for the first time, to institutional applications of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), particularly in library settings. The meeting was organized as a set of concurrent working groups focusing on specific application issues, and introductory and concluding plenary sessions.There are links to presentations and summary recommendations.
- http://www.hti.umich.edu/misc/ssp/workshops/teidlf/
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Organisations and Websites
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-
DC-ANZ Conference 2003 : conference papers
Dublin Core Australia New Zealand Group
(Date Created: Feb 2003)
(Australia; New Zealand)
- The Dublin Core ANZ committee had an inaugural metadata conference in Canberra, Australia on the 26th, 27th and 28th February 2003. Most of the conference papers are available in .pdf.
- http://web.archive.org/web/20070222200844/www.dc-anz.org/conf2003/DC-A
NZAgenda.html
-

Global Digital Format Registry (GDFR)
Harvard University Library
(Regularly Updated)
- In development since 2002, the GDFR (Global Digital Format Registry) is an ongoing international initiative. The GDFR working group comprises national and academic research libraries and archives. The GDFR was developed as a mechanism to provide trustworthy, sustainable and authoratitive information about data formats. This website also has information on data and service models, use cases and the GDFR mission statement. In April 2009 GDFR joined with PRONOM to form the Unified Digital Formats Registry (UDFR). The UDFR will support the requirements and use cases compiled for GDFR and will be seeded with PRONOM's software and formats database.
- http://hul.harvard.edu/gdfr/
- PREMIS : Preservation Metadata Maintenance Activity
PREMIS
(Regularly Updated)
(United States of America)
- This is the official website of the maintenance activities for the PREMIS data dictionary and XML schema. The data dictionary and schemas are the final product of the PREMIS (Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies) working group. In May 2005 the data dictionary and schemas began a period of trial use. The PREMIS maintenance activity is responsible for maintaining, supporting, and coordinating future revisions to the PREMIS data dictionary. In April 2008 version 2.0 of the Data Dictionary was released.
- http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/
- Working Group II : Implementation Strategies : PREMIS (PREservation Metadata : Implementation Strategies)
OCLC
(Date Created: 2003)
- This working group which is no longer active was sponsored by OCLC and RLG. It addressed implementation issues
for preservation metadata. The website includes background information on this working group and the earlier working group (Preservation Metadata Framework Working Group), plus the products of the working groups activities (the PREMIS Data Dictionary) and links to the PREMIS Maintenance Activity.
- http://www.oclc.org/research/pmwg/
Top
- OAI For Beginners : the Open Archives Forum Online Tutorial : OAI-MPH Tutorial
Open Archives Forum
- This tutorial is an introduction to the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). Contents include an overview, history and development of OAI-PMH, main technical ideas of OAI-PMH, implementing OAI-PMH, XML schemas and support for multiple record formats in OAI-PMH. Also includes a glossary.
- http://www.oaforum.org/tutorial/
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Policies, Strategies & Guidelines
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-
Archival Preservation of Smithsonian Web Resources: Strategies, Principles, and Best Practices
Dollar Consulting
(Last Updated: 18 Oct 2001)
(United States of America)
- Commissioned by the Smithsonian Institution Archives, this report provides guidelines to help ensure the capture, management and long-term preservation of Smithsonian Institution web sites. Incorporating an integrated records life cycle process model, it provides a set of recommendations for best practice and follow up, plus appendices on documentation of web sites and a preservation metadata model.
- http://siarchives.si.edu/pdf/dollar_report.pdf
-

Cedars Guide To: Digital Preservation Strategies
University of Leeds
(Last Updated: 02 Apr 2002)
(United Kingdom)
- This guide includes recommendations about technical approaches to digital preservation based on the Cedars experience.
- http://www.leeds.ac.uk/cedars/guideto/dpstrategies/
-

Cedars Guide to: Preservation Metadata
University of Leeds
(Date Created: Mar 2002)
(United Kingdom)
- This guide from the Cedars Project aims to provide a rationale for preservation metadata creation and maintenance, overviews the OAIS Reference Model, Cedars preservation metadata specification and outcomes of other intiatives, and the cost implications of preservation metadata.
- http://www.leeds.ac.uk/cedars/guideto/metadata/
-

Cedars Preservation Metadata Elements : Cedars Project Document AIW02
Day, Michael; Stone, Andy
(Date Created: 25 Feb 1999)
(United Kingdom)
- This document builds upon the work carried out for Cedars Project Document AIW01 Metadata for preservation (Day 1998). That report identified and outlined a number of metadata initiatives and projects with relevance to digital preservation. This document combines metadata elements taken from some of these initiatives and places them in the framework of the Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS) published by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (1998). This is a first attempt at identifying preservation metadata elements for the Cedars project within the general framework provided by the OAIS model.
- http://ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/cedars/papers/aiw02/
- Data Dictionary for Preservation Metadata : Final Report of the PREMIS Working Group
PREMIS (PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies) Working Group
(Date Created: May 2005)
(United States of America)
- In 2003, the OCLC and RLG established the PREMIS Working group of which this is the final 237 page report. The report explains and contextualises the data dictionary which is a set of core preservation metadata applicable to digital preservation. Included in the report are the data model, the PREMIS Data Dictionary version 1.0 and examples for describing various media.
- http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/pmwg/premis-final.pdf
- Guidelines for using PREMIS with METS
PREMIS Maintenance Activity
(Last Updated: 25 Jun 2008)
(United States of America)
- This document is intended as a guide for using the PREMIS schema(s) as METS extensions for exchange purposes. It provides a brief background to the PREMIS and METS schemas as well as guidelines.
- http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/guidelines-premismets.pdf
- Metadata Standards Framework - Preservation Metadata
National Library of New Zealand
(Date Created: Nov 2002)
(New Zealand)
- The National Library of New Zealand has developed this preservation metadata schema to help support the preservation of digital objects by the library. It will help form the basis for the design of a metadata repository and associated input systems. The schema will help to identify digital objects for which preservation responsibility has been assumed, will store information about decisions and actions undertaken, will document information about preservation processes and record their effects and will help ensure their authenticity. The schema also includes those elements needed to manage the metadata record itself. The schema has been developed in the light of wider preservation metadata activities, including the draft schemas produced by the National Library of Australia and the UK Cedars project, the work of the OCLC/RLG Preservation Metadata Working Group and the development of the OAIS Model. Appendices compare the NLNZ schema with the OCLC/RLG framework, the NISO Z39.87 draft standard and the NLA's draft schema.
- http://www.natlib.govt.nz/files/4initiatives_metaschema.pdf
-

Metadata Standards Framework: Preservation Metadata (revised)
National Library of New Zealand
(Date Created: Jun 2003)
(New Zealand)
- This is the revised version of the preservation metadata schema developed by the National Library of New Zealand and originally released for peer review in November 2002. This version, released in June 2003, will form the basis for the design of a database repository and input system for collecting and storing preservation metadata. It incorporates data elements needed to manage the metadata in addition to metadata relating ot the digital object itself. The document is intended to serve as an implementation template while at the same time remaining consistent with international standards. The schema has been developed in the light of international research into preservation activities, including the work of the National Library of Australia, the UK Cedars project, the OCLC/RLG Preservation Metadata Working Group and the OAIS reference model. Appendices compare the NLNZ schema with the OCLC/RLG/OAIS framework, the NISO Z39.87 standard and the NLA's draft schema.
- http://www.natlib.govt.nz/files/4initiatives_metaschema_revised.pdf
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NSW Recordkeeping Metadata Standard
State Records Authority of New South Wales
(Date Created: Jun 2001)
(Australia)
- State Records NSW Metadata Standard for use by New South Wales public offices. The associated technical specifications are also included. NB: Part 1 of the standard was superceded in 2008 by [Standard No. 10]Standard on Digital Recordkeeping.
- ISBN: 0731353781
- http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/41519/20060420-0000/www.records.nsw.gov.
au/publicsector/erk/metadata/metadata-std/NRKMStitle.html
- Standard No. 5
- PREMIS Requirement Statement Project Report
Clifton, Gerard; Langley, Somaya; Lee, Bronwyn
(Date Created: Jul 2006)
- This is the report of the Presta-Premis Requirement Statement Project which was conducted from December 2005 to June 2006. It was undertaken by the National Library of Australia for the Australian Partnership on Sustainable Repositories (APSR). The report specifies requirements for the collection metadata needed for long tem continuity of access to digital collections. The report includes recommendations on preservation metadata elements including mandatory elements; recommendations on tools for automatic metadata extraction; a recommended list of supported formats and a draft METS profile for exchanging preservation metadata and functional specifications and use cases for preservation events and event logging. The report concludes with a summary of 14 recommendations.
- http://www.apsr.edu.au/publications/presta.pdf
-

Preservation Metadata : Metadata Standards Framework : Metadata Implementation Schema : NLNZ Preservation Metadata
National Library of New Zealand
(Date Created: Jul 2003)
(New Zealand)
- http://www.natlib.govt.nz/files/nlnz_data_model.pdf
-

Preservation Metadata and the OAIS Information Model: A Metadata Framework to Support the Preservation of Digital Objects
OCLC/RLG Working Group on Preservation Metadata
(Date Created: Jun 2002)
(United States of America)
- The final report and recommendations from the joint OCLC/RLG Working Group on Preservation Metadata. The framework aims to meet the requirements of the OAIS reference model for Content Information and Preservation Description Information and draws on the metadata recommendations of CEDARS, OCLC, NEDLIB and the National Library of Australia, with refinements by Working Group members. This document supersedes Preservation Metadata and the OAIS Information Model : Part I : a Recommendation for Content Information.
- http://www.oclc.org/research/pmwg/pm_framework.pdf
-

Preserving and Sharing Statistical Material
Royal Statistical Society; UK Data Archive
(Date Created: 2002)
(United Kingdom)
- This booklet is aimed at promoting the preservation and sharing of electronic data. it also discusses what should be preserved and includes the RSS Code of Best Practice on the Preservation and Sharing of Statistical Material.
- ISBN: 0-906805-02-3
- http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/news/publications/PreservingSharing.pdf
-

Recordkeeping Metadata Standard for Commonwealth Agencies (Version 1.0)
National Archives of Australia
(Date Created: May 1999)
(Australia)
- "This standard describes the metadata that the National Archives of Australia recommends should be captured in the recordkeeping systems used by Commonwealth government agencies. Compliance with the Recordkeeping Metadata Standard for Commonwealth Agencies will help agencies to identify, authenticate, describe and manage their electronic records in a systematic and consistent way to meet business, accountability and archival requirements." This document was superceded in July 2008 with the publication of Version 2.0 "Australian Government Recordkeeping Metadata Standard".
- ISBN: 0 642 34407 8
- http://www.naa.gov.au/records-management/publications/rkms.aspx
- PDF available for download from this website
-

Safeguarding Australia's web resources: guidelines for creators and publishers
National Library of Australia
(Date Created: Dec 2000)
(Australia)
- "The guidelines provide advice on creating, describing, naming and managing web resources to facilitate their ongoing use. The practices that are recommended will make it easier to carry out future preservation actions, which may be necessary in the longer term to maintain continued access to important resources."
- http://www.nla.gov.au/guidelines/webresources.html
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Projects and Case Studies
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- Developing a Trusted Digital Repository: the OCLC Experience
Lawson, Dawn; Spies, Phyllis B
(Date Created: Jan 2004)
(United States of America)
- This article focuses on the OCLC’s (Online Computer Library Centre) experience in developing a digital archive. The development of standards for digital archiving and preservation metadata with RLG (Research Libraries Group) in defining the main attributes of a trust digital repository is described, as are the main tools and functions of the archive including the harvest, ingest and dissemination of archived objects. The Connecticut State Library’s use of OCLC’s Web archiving tools is also discussed.
- http://ninetta.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/03055720410530960
- Also available in PDF version and in VINE, Vol 34, No 1, 2004, pp. 27-32, ISSN 0305-5278 (Special Issue: Digital Preservation and Libraries. Part One).
-

Global Digital Format Registry (GDFR)
Harvard University Library
(Regularly Updated)
- In development since 2002, the GDFR (Global Digital Format Registry) is an ongoing international initiative. The GDFR working group comprises national and academic research libraries and archives. The GDFR was developed as a mechanism to provide trustworthy, sustainable and authoratitive information about data formats. This website also has information on data and service models, use cases and the GDFR mission statement. In April 2009 GDFR joined with PRONOM to form the Unified Digital Formats Registry (UDFR). The UDFR will support the requirements and use cases compiled for GDFR and will be seeded with PRONOM's software and formats database.
- http://hul.harvard.edu/gdfr/
- JHOVE2 : a Next-Generation Architecture for Format-Aware Digital Object Preservation Formatting
Harvard University Library
(Last Updated: 01 Jun 2006)
(United States of America)
- The paper discusses the scope of the JHOVE2 (JSTOR/Harvard Object Validation Environment) project proposal. This project will seek to retain existing JHOVE functionality and refactor the existing architecture, support enhancements, increase the range of supported formats, and develop modules for supporting key preservation processes. Input from the JHOVE user community will be sought as part of the design phase. The proposal was submitted by Harvard University, Portico, and Stanford University to the Library of Congress under the National Digital Information Infrastructure Preservation Program (NDIIPP) initiative.
- http://hul.harvard.edu/jhove/JHOVE2-proposal.doc
-
Making of America II
(Last Updated: 26 Jan 1999)
Has papers: Making of America II Testbed Project White Paper Version 2.0
- This was a Digital Library Federation project to continue and extend research and demonstration projects that have begun to develop best practices for the encoding of intellectual, structural, and administrative data about primary resources housed in research libraries.
- http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/MOA2/
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Metadata Approach to Preservation of Digital Resources: The University of North Texas Libraries' Experience
Cathy Nelson Hartman; Daniel Gelaw Alemneh; Samantha Kelly Hastings
(Date Created: Aug 2002)
(United States of America)
- (Publisher abstract:) "Preserving long-term access to digital information resources is one of the key challenges facing libraries and information centers today. The University of North Texas (UNT) Libraries has entered into partnership agreements with federal and state agencies to ensure permanent storage and public access to a variety of government information sources. As digital resource preservation encompasses a wide variety of interrelated activities, the UNT Libraries are taking a phased approach to ensure the long-term access to its digital resources. Formulation of preservation policy and creation of preservation metadata for electronic files and digital collections are among the most important steps. This paper discusses the issues related to digital resources preservation and demonstrates the role of preservation metadata in facilitating the preservation activities in general. In particular, it describes the efforts being made by the UNT libraries to ensure the long-term access and preservation of various digital information resources."
- http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view
/981/902
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Metadata Engine Project (METAe)
University of Innsbruck, Austria
(Date Created: 1999)
- A group of 14 partners, the Metadata Engine Project was funded by the European Union IST Programme. The principal objective was the development of software able to extract as much metadata as possible from the layout of a book and to transform it into XML structured text. In addition, METAe generates Dublin Core metadata and the digital facsimile of the document. The project ran from 2000 to September 2003.
- http://meta-e.uibk.ac.at/
- Object Reuse and Exchange (ORE)
Open Archives Initiative
(Date Created: Oct 2006)
- This two year project began in October 2006. Funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the purpose of this project is to increase the interoperabiltiy between distributed scholarly repositories by using OAI-ORE to build on the OAI-PMH model to develop and test specifications for core interfaces that support locating, identifying, harvesting and depositing digital objects. A Primer, User Guides and Specifications are available.
- http://www.openarchives.org/ore/
- OCLC/RLG Preservation Metadata Working Group
OCLC
(Last Updated: 05 Mar 2003)
(United States of America)
- A joint OCLC/RLG led initiative with international involvement, the Preservation Metadata Working Group was active in 2001-2002 with the intention to create a comprehensive metadata framework for digital preservation applications and recommend principles for best practice.
- http://www.oclc.org/research/pmwg/wg1.shtm
- PREMIS (PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies) Working Group
OCLC
(Regularly Updated)
(United States of America)
- The focus of the PREMIS group will be on the practical aspects of implementing preservation metadata in digital preservation systems. It will use the metadata framework produced in 2002 by the first OCLC/RLG Preservation Metadata Working Group as a conceptual foundation and starting point for its work.
- http://www.oclc.org/research/pmwg/
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Recordkeeping Metadata Project
Records Continuum Research Group, Monash University
(Last Updated: 24 Apr 1999)
(Australia)
- The Recordkeeping Metadata Project "aims to comprehensively specify and codify recordkeeping metadata in ways that enable it to be fully understood and deployed both within and beyond the records and archives profession." This project website provides links to resources developed in the course of the project, including the Australian Recordkeeping Metadata Schema (RKMS).
- http://www.sims.monash.edu/research/rcrg/research/spirt/index.html
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- Metadata Resources Guide
Information Management Branch, Information Management, Access and Privacy, Alberta Government Services
(Last Updated: May 2004)
(Canada)
- This Guide was developed to assist in the development of metadata standards for the Government of Alberta. The Guide covers major metadata resources and is organised by subject, including international initiatives, background information, preservation metadata, current awareness resources, standards, major metadata schemas and listservs. Most of the entries are annotated.
- http://www.im.gov.ab.ca/publications/pdf/MetadataResGuide.pdf
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Implementing Preservation Repositories for Digital Materials : Current Practice and Emerging Trends in the Cultural Heritage Community : a Report by the PREMIS Working Group
OCLC/RLG PREMIS Working Group
(Date Created: Sep 2004)
- PREMIS, an international working group jointly sponsored by OCLC and RLG, reports the findings of a survey focused on current implementations and preservation metadata management practices of digital preservation repositories. The survey was conducted between December 2003 and February 2004 and drew respondents from 48 libraries, archives and other institutions from Europe, the United States, Australia and New Zealand. The survey covered repository services, models and policies, as well as architecture, storage, preservation processes and metadata. The report summarises and analyses the range of responses and notes a number of trends emerging in practice.
- http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/pmwg/surveyreport.pdf
- Implementing the PREMIS Data Dictionary : A Survey of Approaches
Woodyard-Robinson, Deborah
(Date Created: 04 Jun 2007)
(United States of America)
- This report was prepared for the PREMIS Maintenance Activity at the Library of Congress. It explores how institutions have implemented PREMIS semantic units in order to aid revision of the PREMIS Data Dictionary(PDD). Sixteen repositories were surveyed and the results analyzed to identify which PDD semantic units are most relevant to specific types of repositories.
- http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/implementation-report-woodyard.pdf
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- National Library of New Zealand Metadata Extraction Tool
National Library of New Zealand
(Last Updated: 2007)
(New Zealand)
- As part of its development of a Metadata Standards Framework, the National Library of New Zealand (Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa) has commissioned a software tool to extract preservation metadata from a range of file formats and to output the metadata to XML for use in digital repositories. Using Java and XML, the tool comprises a generic application and a number of adaptors for metadata extraction from specific file formats. Adaptors are currently available for MS Word 2, MS Word 6, Word Perfect, Open Office, MS Works, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, TIFF, JPEG, WAV, MP3, HTML, PDF,GIF, and BMP. Version 3.3 open source software released in 2007
- http://meta-extractor.sourceforge.net/
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Xena : Open Source Digital Preservation Software from the National Archives of Australia
National Archives of Australia
(Regularly Updated)
(Australia)
- Purpose : XENA (XML Electronic Normalising of Archives) tool, converts a range of file formats to XML representations for long term access. Released as open source software, the application uses a 'plug-in' architecture to convert a range of formats to XML packages. Supported formats include MS Word, Excel and Powerpoint, OpenOffice formats, Rich Text Format, several email formats, comma separated files, relational databases, JPEG, GIF, TIFF, PNG and BMP, HTML and Web sites, and plain text.
Documentation : XENA 4.2.1 is available for download at sourceforge (12 Jan 2009).
- http://xena.sourceforge.net/
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Broader Topic:
Metadata
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF AUSTRALIA, Canberra, ACT 2600, AUSTRALIA
Telephone + 61 2 6262 1111; Facsimile +61 2 6257 1703; Telephone Typewriter
Number: 1800 026 372
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