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Copyright

Copyright legislation impacts on the ability of organisations to undertake digital preservation activities. This can affect most areas of digital preservation, including copying and reformatting, preserving and providing long term access to stored material in archives, repositories and libraries. The problem is compounded by the lack of uniformity in copyright laws over various jurisdictions.

Solutions include introducing licencing for preservation and lobbying governments to change legislation so that there is a balance between the rights of the copyright holders to protect their interests and exemptions for institutions for legitimate long term preservation purposes.

Articles | Books | Events | Organisations and Websites | Online tutorial | Policies, Strategies & Guidelines | Projects and Case Studies | Bibliographies | Glossaries | Journals & Newsletters | Discussion Lists | Surveys | Tools | Evaluations

Articles

Historical Archiving the Web - Some Legal Aspects
Kavcic-Colic, Alenka (Date Created: 21 Aug 2002)
A paper presented at the 68th IFLA General Conference and Council held in Glasgow, 18-24 August, 2002, discussing some legal aspects of archiving publications from the web. Copyright and legal deposit legislation are discussed with regard to rights implications for harvesting, public access and long-term preservation.
http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/116-163e.pdf
Also available in French at http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/116-163f.pdf
British Library Digitisation : Access and Copyright
King, Ed (Date Created: 26 May 2008) (United Kingdom)
This paper presented at the World Library and Information Congress: 74th IFLA General Conference and Council (10-14 August 2008, Québec, Canada) describes recent digitisation initiatives at the British Library. The paper describes the background to the projects and related copyright issues and processes. Projects discussed include 19th Century newspapers, Out-of Copyright books and Archival Sound Recordings.
http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla74/papers/139-King-en.pdf
Also available in French http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla74/papers/139-King-trans-fr.pdf
Historical Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation
Muir, Adrienne (Date Created: Jun 2003) (United Kingdom)
This article gives an overview of the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Project, which investigated whether copyright legislation and licensed access to digital content threaten the ability of libraries to provide long-term access to that content and to suggest ways in which the problems can be overcome. It also includes background information on digital preservation practices and their associated copyright problems.
http://www.cilip.org.uk/publications/updatemagazine/archive/archive200
3/june/update0306c.htm
in Library and Information Update, June 2003.
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Historical Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Project Seminar
Loughborough University of Technology. Dept. of Library and Information Studies (Date Created: 2003)
This is a report on the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Project Seminar held on November 19th, 2003 at the Policy Studies Institute in London. Attendees included publishers, librarians, legal and digital preservation experts. The seminar featured a presentation on the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Project, as well as discussion focused on preservation copying requirements, copyright issues and relationships with publishers. The report identifies constraints to digital preservation and proposes recommendations on how the constraints may be overcome.
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/ls/disresearch/CLDP/DOCUMENTS/Semin
ar%20Report%20.doc
New Copyright Protection and Management of Digital Cultural Objects and Data
Papatheodorou, Theodore; Sioutas, Sioutas; Tsolis, Dimitrios K. (Date Created: Sep 2008) (Greece)
This paper which was delivered at the 2008 Annual Conference of CIDOC (Athens, September 15 – 18, 2008) discusses the issues of copyright protection and management of digital cultural objects and data. It introduces the Technical Guidelines entitled "Practical guide-handbook for the protection and management of Intellectual Property Rights of digital cultural content and a digital rights management system based on international metadata standards" and a pilot information system for Digital Rights Management.
http://www.cidoc2008.gr/cidoc/Documents/papers/drfile.2008-06-17.10187
91761
Digital Curation, Copyright, and Academic Research
Charlesworth, Andrew (Date Created: Sep 2006)
This article considers the suitability of applying the Creative Commons licensing model to scientific research such as publications, research materials and datasets. The author argues that developing a Science Commons approach will require more than the Creative Commons model and its utilitarian copyright law, in order to satisfy researchers requirements.
http://www.ijdc.net/ijdc/article/view/7/6
International Journal of Digital Curation Vol 1 Autumn 2006 pp17-32
Historical Digital Preservation and Copyright
Hirtle, Peter B (Date Created: 2003) (United States of America)
This article addresses the legal issues associated with digital preservation in the USA. The author examines sections of US Copyright Law pertaining to areas such as archiving computer programs; preservation copies of libraries and archives; and fair use preservation provisions for libraries and individuals. Issues surrounding the preservation of the World Wide Web, as well as the relationship between licensing and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), are also addressed.
http://fairuse.stanford.edu/commentary_and_analysis/2003_11_hirtle.htm
l
Historical DMCA Hearings to Allow to Try to Allow Software Archiving
Internet Archive (Date Created: 2003) (United States of America)
This web page features links to Brewster Kahle's speech and correspondence in applying for exemptions to the Copyright Act so to allow archiving of software. Although focussed on the U.S. and the DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) the issues are relevant to other copyright legislations.
http://www.archive.org/about/dmca.php
FAQ: Copyright Keeps Open Archives and Digital Preservation Separate
Hirtle, Peter B. In: RLG DigiNews (Date Created: 15 Apr 2007)
This article considers the effect of copyright on self-archiving in open access digital repositories.
http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/da/ViewObject.jsp?objid=0000070519&reqi
d=7300
Final Report on Digital Preservation, Orphan Works, and Out-of-Print Works
i2010 Digital Libraries High Level Experts Group - Copyright Subgroup (Date Created: 03 Jun 2008)
Report of Digital Libraries High Level Expert Group- Copyright Subgroup
Annexes 1 Case study on web-harvesting legislation in France, 2 Case study on web-harvesting legislation in Finland, 3 Model Agreement for a Licence on digitisation of Out-of-Print-Works, 4 Model Agreement for a Licence on digitisation of Out-of-Print-Works with option for online accessibility, 5 Implementation of proposed solutions through eContentplus projects: the ARROW Project as an example, 6 Recommended Key Principles for rights clearance centres and databases for orphan works, 7 Recommended Key Principles for rights clearance centres and databases for out-of-print works
http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/digital_libraries/d
oc/hleg/reports/copyright/copyright_subgroup_final_report_26508-clean1
71.pdf
Available as PDF from http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/digital_libraries/experts/hleg/index_en.htm
Gallica 2 : Experimentation d'une Offre Numerique Iincluant des Documents Soumis au Droit D’Auteur
Scotti, Lucien (Date Created: 10 Jun 2008) (France)
This paper presented at the World Library and Information Congress: 74th IFLA General Conference and Council (10-14 August 2008, Québec, Canada), outlines a one year experimental project using the French prototype of the European Library to enable wide access to copyrighted digital documents, via Gallica 2. The Bibliothèque nationale de France, the Syndicat national de l’Edition (French Publishers Association), the Direction du Livre et de la lecture (Book and Reading Directorate) and the Centre national du Livre (National Center for the Book) are working collaboratively to find legal and technical solutions and a business model to allow online access to recently published books with strict observance of the copyright law. Further information about the experiment (English version) is available from the BnF.
http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla74/papers/139-Scotti-fr.pdf
Legal Deposit's Role in the Public Domain
Greenleaf, Graham; Paramaguru, Abi; Bond, Catherine; Christou, Sophie (Date Created: May 2008) (Australia)
This paper responds to the '2007 Discussion Paper on the Extension of Legal Deposit' published by the Australian Attorney-Generals Department exploring the extension of the legal deposit scheme to include audio-visual and electronic material. The paper suggests ways that the potential expansion of the scheme could be drafted and implemented to ensure public rights in audio-visual and digital materials are protected. Recommendations are made in relation to Web publications and the rights of depository institutions.
http://law.bepress.com/unswwps/flrps08/art38/
University of New South Wales Faculty of Law Research Series. University of New South Wales Faculty of Law Research Series 2008. Working Paper 38
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Licensing Digital Resources: How to Avoid the Legal Pitfalls. (2nd edition)
Giavarra, Emanuella, LLM (Date Created: Sep 2001)
The degree of access and use permitted for a digital resource depends on the terms and conditions negotiated in the licence. This guide is intended to assist in understanding the meaning and consequences of common licence clauses. It includes notes on copyright versus licensing, users, usage and access restrictions, terms and termination, library undertakings, warranties and indemnities, and clauses to avoid. It was compiled as part of the European Copyright User Platform (ECUP+) and Central and Eastern European Licensing Information Platform (CELIP) projects.
http://www.eblida.org/uploads/Pitfalls_web.pdf
Also available in PDF format at: http://www.eblida.org/ecup/docs/licensing.pdf
Long-term Preservation and Law
Goebel and Scheller (Date Created: Apr 2006) (Germany)
This is a 4 page English summary of a document originally published in German. It is part of a series of 7 digital preservation papers commissioned by nestor. Although the summary details issues such as copyright from the German perspective, the recommendations and observations are of interest to the international digital preservation community.
http://www.langzeitarchivierung.de/downloads/mat/01_summary.pdf
nestor studies; 1
Orphan Works and Section 108 Updates
Hirtle, Peter In: RLG DigiNews (Date Created: 15 Aug 2006) (United States of America)
This artcle outlines some recent developments in Section 108 of the United States Copyright Act and how it may impact digital preservation and digitisation efforts in the future. The article includes information on the Section 108 Study Group of which the author is a member. He outlines the main areas of interest at the roundtable discussion sessions.
http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/da/ViewObject.jsp?objid=0000070519&reqi
d=4139
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Right to Preserve: The Rights Issues of Digital Preservation
Ayre, Catherine; Muir, Adrienne In: D-Lib magazine (Date Created: Mar 2004) (United Kingdom)
This article provides an overview of the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation (CLDP) project, undertaken between September 2002 and March 2004 and funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Board (UK). Based on questionnaire surveys, face-to-face interviews and a seminar, the project’s aim was to examine whether copyright legislation and licensed access to digital content affects the roles of libraries in providing long-term access. Areas outlined in the article include rights implications of digital preservation methods; provision for preservation copying in existing laws and licences; solutions to the rights issues, incorporating areas such as digital preservation responsibility and legal deposit; and rights issues specific to licensed digital content.
10.1045/march2004-ayre
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march04/ayre/03ayre.html
Historical Simplification of the Copyright Act 1968 : Part 2 Categorisation of Subject Matter and Exclusive Rights and Other Issues
Copyright Law Review Committee (Last Updated: 12 Feb 1999) (Australia)
This report proposes to simplify the categories of protected subject matter and the exclusive rights of copyright owners. It also considers the implementation of a distribution right and addresses issues identified by the Copyright Convergence Group for further consideration by the Committee. Among the matters proposed in those reforms is the new broadly based, technology-neutral right of communication to the public.
http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/rwpattach.nsf/VAP/(756EDFD270AD704EF00C15
CF396D6111)~CLRC+Simplification+of+the+Copyright+Act+1968+-+Part+2.doc
/$file/CLRC+Simplification+of+the+Copyright+Act+1968+-+Part+2.doc
Available as PDF and Word from http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/agd.nsf/Page/Copyright_CopyrightLawReviewCommittee_CLRCReports_SimplificationoftheCopyrightAct1968
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Historical Towards the Copyright Act 2000: Implications of and for Digital Preservation and Access
Australian Council of Libraries and Information Services; Wodetzki, Jamie (Date Created: 28 Nov 1995) (Australia)
This article provides an overview of Australian copyright legislation in relation to preservation and outlines its inadequacies for digital material. The author discusses the copyright review process and makes suggestions for improving copyright legislation. The importance of distinguishing between "copying for preservation" and "providing digital access" is emphasised.
http://www.nla.gov.au/niac/meetings/npo95jw.html
Paper given at the 2nd National Preservation Office Conference: Multimedia Preservation - Capturing the Rainbow, in Brisbane, 28-30 November 1995.

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Books

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Historical Copyright aspects of the preservation of electronic publications
Groeneveld, C.; Hugenholtz, P. B.; Koelman, K. J.; Westerbrink, B. N. (Date Created: 15 Feb 1998)
Instituut voor Informatierecht Report - 7. This is the report (40 p.) of a study commissioned by the National Library of the Netherlands. It examines "the copyright related problems which could impede efforts to preserve and maintain the accessibility of electronic data".
ISBN: 9074243-12-6
http://www.ivir.nl/publications/koelman/kbeng2.doc
Creative Commons Licenses for Cultural Heritage Institutions: a Dutch Perspective
Hoorn, Esther (Date Created: Sep 2006) (Netherlands)
This in-depth report (73 p) discusses the use of Creative Commons Licenses by cultural heritage institutions (libraries, museums and archives) in the Netherlands. The report considers access to digital cultural heritage and copyright, the role of cultural heritage institutions and their legal framework, availability of tools, and the main provisions of the CC Licenses.
http://www.ivir.nl/creativecommons/CC_for_cultural_heritage_institutio
ns.pdf
International Study on the Impact of Copyright Law on Digital Preservation: Joint Report by The Library of Congress National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program, The Joint Information Systems Committee, The Open Access to Knowledge (OAK) Law Project and the SURFfoundation
NDIIPP; JISC; Oak Law Project; SURFfoundation (Date Created: Jul 2008)
This detailed study (214 p.) "focuses on the copyright and related laws of Australia, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States and the impact of those laws on digital preservation of copyrighted works. It also addresses proposals for legislative reform and efforts to develop non-legislative solutions to the challenges that copyright law represents for digital preservation."
ISBN: 9780980298895
http://eprints.qut.edu.au/archive/00014035/01/14035.pdf
Right to Preserve? Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Project Final Report
Ayre, Catherine; Muir, Adrienne (Date Created: Mar 2004) (United Kingdom)
This is the final report of the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Project which ran from September 2002 to March 2004. This report includes an extensive literature review, chapters on digital publishing and digital collections, preservation activities and policies, rights issues of preservation copying, solutions to the rights issues of digital preservation and recommendations.
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/ls/disresearch/CLDP/Project_reports
.htm
Links to this report and executive summary as well as other reports available from this URL
Section 108 Study Group Report : An Independent Report Sponsored by the United States Copyright Office and the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program of the Library of Congress
Section 108 Study Group (Date Created: Mar 2008) (United States of America)
This report (212 p) describes in detail recommendations for changes to Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright law, which provides exceptions for libraries and archives to make copies of copyrighted works to replace or preserve works in their collection, in a digital environment.
http://www.section108.gov/docs/Sec108StudyGroupReport.pdf
Section 108 Study Group Report : Executive Summary
Section 108 Study Group (Date Created: Mar 2008) (United States of America)
This Executive Summary (14 p.) of the Section 108 Study Group Report details the Groups recommendations for changes to Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright law, which provides exceptions for libraries and archives to make copies of copyrighted works to replace or preserve works in their collection, in a digital environment.
http://www.section108.gov/docs/Sec108ExecSum.pdf

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Events

New Open Access and Research Conference 2008
24 - 25 Sep 2008 , Brisbane, Queensland
Queensland University of Technology
(Australia)
This conference includes a range of topics such as evolving publishing models, repository management, e-Research, policy development, and legal and technical issues.
http://www.oar2008.qut.edu.au/
WIPO International Workshop on Digital Preservation and Copyright
, Geneva, Switzerland World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) (Switzerland)
WIPO, in cooperation with the International Digital Preservation and Copyright initiative (IDPC), organized this one-day workshop to survey recent developments and trends at the intersection of digital preservation and copyright. The workshop aimed to contribute to the debate among stakeholders and policy makers on how to develop and improve policies and practices that support digital preservation of copyrighted content. Presentations are available from the website.
http://www.wipo.int/meetings/en/2008/cr_wk_ge/

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Organisations and Websites

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Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Home Page : CLDP Project
Loughborough University (Last Updated: 10 Mar 2004) (United Kingdom)
"The aim of the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation (CLDP) research project is to investigate whether copyright legislation and licensed access to digital content threaten the ability of libraries to provide long-term access to that content and to suggest ways in which the problems can be overcome." The web site also provides links to the discussion paper "Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation project" and questionnaires which will be used to gauge the awareness of stakeholders of digital preservation issues and detail and identify any problems in this area.
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/ls/disresearch/CLDP/index.htm
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Historical Digital Millennium Copyright Act Study
United States Copyright Office, Library of Congress (Date Created: 12 Sep 2001) (United States of America)
This web page provides links to the executive summary and full report of the US Copyright Office, Library of Congress, regarding the US Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). Other links also include public and reply comments and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
http://www.copyright.gov/reports/studies/dmca/dmca_study.html
Section 108 Study Group
Library of Congress (Regularly Updated) (United States of America)
The Section 108 Working Group is sponsored by the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) and the U.S. Copyright Office, both part of the Library of Congress. The purpose of this group is recommend changes to copyright law that recognise the need for exceptions to the law for libraries and archives in the digital age. This is especially important for the collection, preservation and accessibility of born digital material. The website has links to the relevant section of the Act as well as background papers and will post any findings and recommendations on how to revise the copyright law in order to ensure an appropriate balance among the interests of creators and other copyright holders, libraries and archives.
http://www.loc.gov/section108/

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Policies, Strategies & Guidelines

Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement - Changes To Australian Copyright Law
Australia. Attorney-General's Dept. (Last Updated: 26 Apr 2005) (Australia)
The site provides an overview of the main changes to Australian copyright law in the wake of the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA). There are also individual information sheets covering topics such as 'New Performers' Rights in Sound Recordings', 'Extension of Copyright Term', and 'Electronic Rights Management Information'.
http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/agd.nsf/Page/Publications_Australia-Unite
dStatesFreeTradeAgreement-changestoAustraliancopyrightlaw-March2005
Copyright Issues Relevant to Digital Preservation and Dissemination of Pre-1972 Commercial Sound Recordings by Libraries and Archives
Besek, June M. (Date Created: Dec 2005) (United States of America)
This report was undertaken by CLIR (Council on LIbrary and Information Resources) on behalf of the Library of Congress and the National Recording Preservation Board. Focussing on United States copyright law, this report addresses the question of what libraries and archives are legally empowered to do to preserve and make accessible for research their holdings of pre-1972 commercial recordings, which is not protected by federal copyright law but governed by state laws. The main topics discussed are US copyright law and various state laws, digital preservation and dissemination of sound recordings and technological protection issues. It is hoped that this publication will help in establishing a national audio preservation plan.
ISBN: 9781932326239
http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub135/contents.html
Copyright Law In Australia : A Short Guide
Australia. Attorney-General's Dept. (Date Created: Jun 2005) (Australia)
This guide seeks to provide plain-English answers to frequently asked copyright questions. The content is targeted toward non-specialist readers. Questions include 'What is copyright?', 'What does copyright protect?', 'When is copyright infringed?', and 'How can copyright rights be enforced?'. It also provides links to other organisations dealing with copyright in Australia such as the Australian Copyright Council and IP Australia.
http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/37952/20070206-0000/www.ag.gov.au/www/ag
d/agd.nsf/Page/Publications_CopyrightlawinAustralia-Ashortguide-June20
05.html
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Historical Copyright Law Review Committee: Copyright and Contract
Copyright Law Review Committee (Last Updated: 15 Oct 2002) (Australia)
A report on the relationship between copyright and contract in the digital environment under Australian Law and whether online materials and new technologies are altering the copyright balance with reference to the exceptions established in the Copyright Act 1968.
http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/agd.nsf/Page/Copyright_CopyrightLawReview
Committee_CLRCReports_CopyrightandContract_CopyrightandContract
Managing IPR in Digital Learning Materials: A Development Pack for Institutional Repositories
Casey, John ; Proven, Jackie; Dripps, David (Date Created: 2007) (United Kingdom)
This package is an output of the TrustDR: Trust in Digital Repositories project led by the University of Ulster and funded by JISC 2005-2007. It is intended as a training and development tool for individuals and organisations and covers IPR and risk management in the UK HE digital repositories.
http://trustdr.ulster.ac.uk/outputs.php
Understanding Open Access in the Academic Environment : A Guide for Authors
Pappalardo, Kylie (Date Created: Jun 2008) (Australia)
This guide aims "to provide academic authors with an overview of the concept of and rationale for open access to research outputs and how they may be involved in its implementation and with what effect. It considers the central role of copyright law and publishing agreements in structuring an open access framework as well as the increasing involvement of funders and academic institutions. The Guide also explains different methods available to authors for making their outputs openly accessible, such as publishing in an open access journal or depositing work into an open access repository."
http://eprints.qut.edu.au/archive/00013935/01/Microsoft_Word_-_Final_D
raft_-_website.pdf
Historical WIPO Copyright Treaty
World Intellectual Property Organization (Date Created: 23 Dec 1996)
The WIPO Copyright Treaty of 1996 was developed in recognition of the need for copyright provisions to be extended to digital information. It establishes the same copyright exemptions for digital information as outlined in the Berne convention.
http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/wct/trtdocs_wo033.html

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Projects and Case Studies

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Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Home Page : CLDP Project
Loughborough University (Last Updated: 10 Mar 2004) (United Kingdom)
"The aim of the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation (CLDP) research project is to investigate whether copyright legislation and licensed access to digital content threaten the ability of libraries to provide long-term access to that content and to suggest ways in which the problems can be overcome." The web site also provides links to the discussion paper "Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation project" and questionnaires which will be used to gauge the awareness of stakeholders of digital preservation issues and detail and identify any problems in this area.
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/ls/disresearch/CLDP/index.htm
Copyright Investigation Summary Report
Proffitt, Merrilee; Arcolio, Arnold; Malpas, Constance (Date Created: Mar 2008) (United States of America)
This report summarises interviews of 8 RLG partner institutions held between August and September 2007 regarding their current methods of obtaining copyright permissions for mass digitization projects or access to digitized materials.
http://www.oclc.org/programs/publications/2008-01.pdf
Copyright Resources Project
University of California Berkeley (Last Updated: 2006) (United States of America)
The aim of this project was to develop innovative approaches to working with copyright-protected digital documents. This project was undertaken by the Pacific Film Archive of the University of California. The purpose of this project was to provide access to the research into working with copyright-protected materials in a digital environment and to provide guidelines and resources. The project ran from 2002 to 31 March 2006. It includes a useful copyright toolbox http://www.bampfa.berkeley.edu/copyright_project/copyritetoolbox/copyritetoolbox.php
http://www.bampfa.berkeley.edu/copyright_project/
Section 108 Study Group
Library of Congress (Regularly Updated) (United States of America)
The Section 108 Working Group is sponsored by the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) and the U.S. Copyright Office, both part of the Library of Congress. The purpose of this group is recommend changes to copyright law that recognise the need for exceptions to the law for libraries and archives in the digital age. This is especially important for the collection, preservation and accessibility of born digital material. The website has links to the relevant section of the Act as well as background papers and will post any findings and recommendations on how to revise the copyright law in order to ensure an appropriate balance among the interests of creators and other copyright holders, libraries and archives.
http://www.loc.gov/section108/

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Discussion Lists

Historical Coalition CNI-COPYRIGHT Forum
Coalition for Networked Information (Regularly Updated)
This was a general list for copyright and intellectual property issues. It includes discussion of intellectual property in the digital environment. As of 23 Feb 2007 ownership of the list-serv was transferred to American University and this list discontinued. It was replaced by PJIP-COPYRIGHT.
http://www.cni.org/Hforums/cni-copyright/

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Surveys

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International Survey of Archival, Preservation and Related Clauses in Copyright Law
Norris, Michael (Date Created: 03 Feb 2004)
This survey, which is part of the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Project, identifies clauses in the copyright laws of 25 countries that allow copying for preservation. It also identifies those clauses that hinder this process. The survey is restricted to principal legislation and does not cover amendments. The survey results are presented in tabular form.
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/ls/disresearch/CLDP/DOCUMENTS/Copyr
ight%20survey.doc

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Broader Topic: Intellectual property rights management

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