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National strategies

For much of the past decade, a body of international research has been directed at resolving the special challenges associated with the long-term preservation of electronic information. As part of this effort, projects have been established in many countries to develop practical solutions to the many administrative and technical difficulties posed by the new media. The importance of these national endeavours has been emphasised in a joint JISC/NPO summary report: 'a strategy for digital preservation is part and parcel of any national information policy, and it should be integral to any investment in digital libraries and information superhighways'.

Such long-term access initiatives are commonly led by a national library, archive or similar institution, and seek to develop local strategies in response to universal digital preservation issues. In her paper The Role of National Initiatives in Digital Preservation, Margaret Hedstrom notes that research undertaken on a national level is often well poised to address local concerns, and to provide manageable solutions to problems which can become unwieldy if tackled on a global scale. By dividing responsibilities between sectors and institutions, effective national programs also offer the advantage of leadership and coordination, whilst deriving the benefits of shared funding and research.

As well as their critical role in contributing to developments in practice, projects and studies in many countries have stimulated international debate, and have helped identify new areas for investigation. This national research is often documented in reports, and the resultant strategies are issued in the form of official plans, guidelines and policy statements. These contributions provide important input to, and help inform, digital preservation work being undertaken worldwide at all levels, be this on an institutional, regional or international scale. A number of important national programs have also received guidance under the umbrella of regional organisations such as the European Commission on Preservation and Access (ECPA) and the Conference of European National Librarians (CENL).

Gathered under this topic are overviews of research programs in particular countries, case study and project reports, and organisational web pages and sites, as well as official national strategies and policy documents relating to the long-term preservation of electronic information.

Text last updated: Jan 2002

Articles | Books | Events | Organisations and Websites | Online tutorial | Policies, Strategies & Guidelines | Projects and Case Studies | Bibliographies | Glossaries | Journals & Newsletters | Discussion Lists | Surveys | Tools | Evaluations

Articles

Historical Access to Web Archives: the Nordic Web Archive Access Project
Brygfjeld, Svein Arne (Date Created: 22 Aug 2002) (Scandinavia)
Presented at the 68th IFLA General Conference and Council held in Glasgow, 18-24th August, 2002, this paper describes a prototype access system for access to large-scale web archives, as developed by the Nordic Web Archive Access Project. The project is an initiative of the National Libraries of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.
http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/090-163e.pdf
Also available in French at http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/090-163f.pdf
Accountability and Accessibility : Ensuring the Evidence of E-governance in Australia
Cunningham, Adrian; Phillips, Margaret E. (Date Created: Aug 2005) (Australia)
This article is an updated version of a earlier article called Keeping Online Information Accessible for E-governance and E-democracy published in 2004. The article focuses on the need for government agencies and other institutions to ensure that electronic publications and organisational records are collected, managed and preserved as a means of ensuring long-term access for the benefit of e-governance and e-democracy. The article provides definitions of online publications and online records; explores the role of libraries and archives in e-government, including initiatives undertaken at the National Library of Australia and National Archives of Australia; addresses factors that contribute to the vulnerability of online information; and concludes with a list of factors that inhibit the long-term availability of online information for e-governance and e-democracy.
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/00012530510612059
Aslib Proceedings, ISSN 0001-253X , vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 301-317. Available via subscription from www.emeraldinsight.com
Addressing the Uncertain Future of Preserving the Past: Towards a Robust Strategy for Digital Archiving and Preservation
Stijn Hoorens; Jeff Rothenberg; Constantijn van Oranje; Martin van der Mandele; Ruth Levitt (Date Created: 2007) (Netherlands)
This report prepared for the Koninklijke Bibliotheek reviews the history of digital preservation, the role of National Libraries and publishers and discusses the dynamic environment of scholarly publishing. The report considers the strategy implications for the KB and its e-Depot archive.
http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR510/
Summary and Full document in PDF available for download from http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR510/ also available for sale. RAND (Technical ) Report TR-510-KB
Historical It Always Hurts the First Time: Experiences with Transferred Electronic Records
van Dijk, Marcel In: Cultivate Interactive (Date Created: Feb 2003) (Netherlands)
This case study notes the problems of transferring electronic records to the Amsterdam Public Record Office from a government agency. The study covers issues such as project planning, metadata, various file formats such as e-mails and text files.
http://www.cultivate-int.org/issue9/amsterdammro/
APSR Sustainability Issues Discussion Paper
Bradley, Kevin (Date Created: 28 Jan 2005)
This comprehensive paper examines various aspects of digital sustainability. These include economic aspects, such as costing, funding and business models; technological aspects, such as repositories, formats, bit stream and persistence; and risk and risk management. Also included is a summary of specific issues and their associated tasks. The document also includes an extensive bibliography.
http://www.apsr.edu.au/documents/APSR_Sustainability_Issues_Paper.pdf
Architecture of DAMP : a System for Harvesting and Archiving Web Publications
Milinovic, Miroslav ; Topolscak, Nebojsa (Date Created: Jul 2005) (Croatia)
This article discusses the DAMP project (Digital Archive for Web Publications). DAMP is used to archive Croatian websites. It was developed by The University Computing Centre based at the University of Zagreb (SRCE) and the National and University Library (NUL) in Zagreb. The article discusses the first version of DAMP, including its architecture, the gathering process and future developments such as the instigation of an authentication and authorisation system.
http://widwisawn.cdlr.strath.ac.uk/Issues/Vol3/issue3_3_1.html
WIDWISAWN, Vol. 3, no. 3 (July 2005)
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Archival Data Format Requirements
Christensen, Steen S. (Date Created: Jul 2004) (Denmark)
This document discusses the requirements of the Netarkivet in terms of both file formats and metadata. The document outlines the basic requirements for storage formats that can be used for long term preservation. Different storage formats are then evaluated in relation to Netarkivet specifications and a recommendation for a suitable long term storage format is made.
http://netarkivet.dk/publikationer/Archival_format_requirements-2004.p
df
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Archives in the Regions: An overview of the English Regional Archive Strategies
The National Council on Archives (Date Created: 2001) (United Kingdom)
This report draws together the nine English Regional Archive Strategies. A key area of work highlighted in the report is to find solutions for some of the larger challenges currently facing the domain, such as sustainable arrangements for the management and preservation of digital records, and improving access to conservation services across the regions.
http://www.ncaonline.org.uk/materials/archivesinregionsoverview.pdf
Archiving and Accessing Web Pages : the Goddard Library Web Capture Project
Allen, Robert B. ; Anderson, Nikkia; Hodge, Gail; Senserini, Alessandro ; Smith, Daniel In: D-Lib magazine (Date Created: Nov 2004) (United States of America)
This is a report on capturing intranet web pages by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The aim of the Web Capture project was to ensure the long term preservation of this information, and to extract and index metadata in a format that is searchable. The article discusses how this was achieved including descriptions of system flow, web site selection, and the capture process. Technical limitations of the process are also discussed.
10.1045/november2004-hodge
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november04/hodge/11hodge.html
Archiving the Greek Web
Eirinaki, Magdalini; Jevtuchova, Darija; Lampos, Charalampos; Vazirgiannis, Michalis (Date Created: 2004) (Greece)
This paper describes a project to archive Greek orientated web materials using the domain name (.gr), the Greek language and Greek content as selection criteria. It describes the methodology for archiving, including details on the web crawler and semantic analysis, and presents the results of the experiments.
http://www.iwaw.net/04/Lampos.pdf
Archiving the Slovenian Web : Recent Experiences
Grobelnik, Marko; Kavcic-Colic, Alenka (Date Created: 2004) (Slovenia)
This paper reports on a two year project ending in September 2004 which aimed to develop a national repository for the long term preservation of the Slovenian web. The two main goals of the project were to develop a methodology to archive the Slovenian web and to develop a web crawler to facilitate this.
http://www.iwaw.net/04/Kavcic.pdf
This workshop was held in conjunction with the 8th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technologies for Digital Libraries, September 2004.
Archiving the Web : European Experiences
Hakala, Juha In: Tietolinja News (Date Created: Oct 2003)
This paper was presented at CONSAL XII, 20-23 October 2003, Brunei, and is an updated version of Collecting and Preserving the Web: Developing and Testing the NEDLIB Harvester, published in 2001. It outlines the outcomes of the NEDLIB Harvester Project for the archiving of Web resources. Some of the key issues in using this form of technology for preserving materials on the Web are reviewed. New developments are discussed including the Nordic Web Archive II project and the establishment of the International Internet Preservation Consortium (IIPC) to develop standards and tools for web archiving.
http://www.lib.helsinki.fi/tietolinja/0203/webarchive.html
Historical Archiving the Web : Political Party Web Sites in the Netherlands
Druiven, Henk; Keyzer, André; Voerman, Gerrit; den Hollander, Frank (Date Created: Jun 2003) (Netherlands)
This article describes the Dutch project Archipol, which archives Dutch political Web sites, and examines why this information may be important to researchers in the future. Also discussed are various international initiatives to archive similar Web sites.
http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=9972863&db=aph
Available in Information Services and Use, vol. 23, issue 1 (2003), ISSN 0167-5265; and by subscription online at www.ebscohost.com
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Historical Archiving the Web: The PANDORA Archive at the National Library of Australia
Cathro, Warwick; Webb, Colin; Whiting, Julie (Date Created: Jun 2001) (Australia)
This paper describes the National Library of Australia's PANDORA web archive. It includes description of the Library's framework for digital collection management, the reasons for a selective approach to web archiving, the archiving processes, persistent identifiers, access control, preservation plans and opportunities for global cooperation and information sharing.
http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/2001/cathro3.html
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Historical Arrangement for Depositing Electronic Publications at the Deposit of Netherlands Publications [sic] in the Koninklijke Bibliotheek
Koninklijke Bibliotheek (Date Created: 1999) (Netherlands)
English text of a general agreement made on 10 June 1999 between the Koninklijke Bibliotheek and the Dutch Publishers' Association for the voluntary deposit of on- and offline electronic publications. The arrangement is experimental in nature, and is to be reviewed on a three-yearly basis, with the first evaluation due on or before 1 July 2002. Importantly, dynamic databases, whilst covered by the compass of the agreement, will not be sought on deposit by the KB until technical and other problems associated with their collection, storage and access are fully understood.
http://www.kb.nl/dnp/overeenkomst-nuv-kb-en.pdf
Historical British Library Strategic Developments
Brindley, Lynne (Date Created: Apr 2003) (United Kingdom)
This article, based on a paper given at the 26th UKSG (United Kingdom Serials Group) Conference in April 2003, looks at recent strategic developments at the British Library (BL). As well as exploring the factors that have influenced such strategies, the author also addresses the new roles of the BL in relation to the areas of digital acquisition, digital article services and digital preservation and archiving. Included in the article is an overview of the current legal deposit (2003) situation in the UK in relation to digital materials, as well as a summary of the BL’s digital infrastructure development.
http://serials.uksg.org/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&back
to=issue,4,24;journal,16,62;linkingpublicationresults,1:107730,1
In Serials The Journal for the Serials Group, (ISSN 0953-0460) Vol. 16, No. 2, July 2003, pp. 125-129.
Building a Digital Archive : a Dutch Experience
Horsman, Peter; Pompe, Klaartje In: RLG DigiNews (Date Created: 15 Dec 2005) (Netherlands)
This article describes a project to develop a digital repository for the long term preservation of the digital contents of the Municipal Archives of Rotterdam. The project is a collaboration between the Archives and the Netherlands Archives School. The article outlines the processes and objectives over 2 years, including the project management technique of 'time boxing'; migration of documents to XML; system design; and testing DSpace. The article ends with some observations on open source software.
http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/08/08/0000070511/viewer/file3
502.html#article2
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Historical Building a National Strategy for Digital Preservation: Issues in Digital Media Archiving
Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR) (Date Created: Apr 2002) (United States of America)
A collection of papers commissioned by the Library of Congress and the Council on Library and Information Resources as a background to developing the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program. Topics of the papers covered "six principal areas in which the LC faces collection-management issues: large Web sites, electronic books, electronic journals, digitally recorded sound, digital film, and digital television."
http://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub106abst.html
Also available in PDF format at http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub106/pub106.pdf
Building Preservation Functionality in a Digital Archive : the National Library of the Netherlands
Bellekom, Chris (Date Created: Oct 2004) (Netherlands)
This article describes the activities of the National Library of the Netherlands (Koninklijke Bibliotheek - KB) to ensure the long term preservation of digital materials. It includes the e-Depot, the development of a preservation manager to store and use the technical metadata in the e-depot and the UVC for images.
http://www.ingentaselect.com/rpsv/cw/alpsp/09531513/v17n4/s3/p275
in Learned Publishing, Vol. 17, no. 4 (October 2004), ISSN 0953-1513. pp. 275-280.
Building State Government Digital Preservation Partnerships: A Capability Assessment and Planning Toolkit, Version 1.0:
Pardo, Theresa A.; Cresswell, Anthony M.; Dawes, Sharon S.; Burke, Brian; Dadayan, Lucy; Embar, Sudarshan; Kwon, Hyuckbin (Date Created: Aug 2005) (United States of America)
This toolkit was prepared as part of Library of Congress Collaboration for Preservation of State Government Digital Information.Designed for library, archives, records management & information technology professionals to use in planning a digital preservation initiative to assess existing capability & development needs.
http://www.ctg.albany.edu/publications/guides/digital_preservation_par
tnerships
Available for download as PDF from this website
The Canadian Digital Information Strategy
Library and Archives Canada (Date Created: Oct 2007) (Canada)
Draft consultation version October 2007 of the Canadian Digital Information Strategy. The Strategy puts forward three broad opportunities: strengthening digital content; ensuring preservation for ongoing access; and maximising access and use. Specific objectives and proposed actions are outlined. Collaboration within a common framework is recommended.
http://www.collectionscanada.ca/cdis/012033-1000.01-e.html
Available online as full text and PDF. comments due by 23 Nov 2007
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Historical Canadian Overview
Turko, Karen (Last Updated: 18 Feb 1999) (Canada)
This paper discusses the Canadian approach to roles and responsibilities for preserving long-term access, digital preservation, and digitisation.
http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/da/ViewObjectMain.jsp;jsessionid=84ae0c
5f82408109cd3e5b7444b78885931e3452f9a1?fileid=0000070504:000006277814&
reqid=629
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Historical Carrying Authentic, Understandable and Usable Digital Records Through Time
Bikson, T.; RAND-Europe; Rothenberg, J. (Date Created: 6 Aug 1999)
This report to the Dutch National Archives and Ministry of the Interior presents the results of a study to define a strategy and framework for the long-term management and preservation of digital governmental records. A "testbed" in which specific digital preservation techniques can be prototyped and evaluated is proposed.
http://www.digitaleduurzaamheid.nl/bibliotheek/docs/final-report_4.pdf
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Historical CEDARS: Long-term Access and Usability of Digital Resources: The Digital Preservation Conundrum
Russell, Kelly (Date Created: Dec 1998) (United Kingdom)
This article examines the meaning of the task of digital preservation, some strategies for preserving digital material, and provides background to the Cedars project.
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue18/cedars/
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Historical Challenge of Preserving Digital Maps
Stenvall, Jani (Date Created: 2003) (Finland)
This article discusses the revision of the Finnish legal deposit legislation to include digital publications. It also discusses strategies in the preservation of digital maps at the Helsinki University Library, which is the National Library.
http://liber.library.uu.nl/publish/articles/000007/index.html
Also available in PDF version and in LIBER Quarterly, 13(2003)1-4, pp. 57-63, ISSN 1435-5205
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Historical Code of Practice for the Voluntary Deposit of Non-Print Publications
The British Library (Last Updated: 04 May 2001) (United Kingdom)
This code sets out the agreed practice for the voluntary deposit of non-print physical format publications in the United Kingdom. The arrangement, which came into effect in January 2000, received the endorsement of the various UK publisher trade bodies and legal deposit libraries, and is intended to guide interim practice before new legislation is drafted. The code also recognises the challenges for the deposit of static and dynamic online publications, and examines some of the issues associated with long term access and preservation.
http://www.bl.uk/aboutus/stratpolprog/legaldep/voluntarydeposit/
1999 Revised Version available at National Library of Scotland website http:///www.nls.uk/professional/legaldeposit/nonprint/code.html
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Historical Collecting and Preserving the Web : The Minerva Prototype
Arms, William Y. In: RLG DigiNews (Date Created: Apr 2001) (United States of America)
This article, by William Arms (Cornell University), Roger Adkins, Cassy Ammen and Allene Hayes (Library of Congress), describes the Library of Congress' Minerva Project (Mapping the INternet the Electronic Resources Virtual Archive). The main features of Minerva are described, and suggestions for a full-scale preservation system explored.
http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/08/08/0000070511/viewer/file1
424.html#feature1
Historical Collecting, Indexing and Archiving Net Publications
Schwens, Ute (Last Updated: 12 Jun 2006) (Germany)
These pages outlined the legal mandate and deposit arrangements of the Die Deutsche Bibliothek (DDB) for acquiring digital publications, both for physical formats such as DVDs and for online publications such as websites and electronic periodicals prior to the introduction of the new law which came into effect on 22 June 2006. The current situation is explained on the later web pages about online publications.
http://web.archive.org/web/20070128202450/http://www.d-nb.de/eng/wir/u
eber_dnb/netzpubl.htm
Historical Collection of Swedish web pages at the Royal Library - The Web Heritage of Sweden
Arvidson, Allan (Date Created: 22 Aug 2002) (Sweden)
A paper presented by Allan Arvidson of the Royal Library of Sweden at the 68th IFLA Council and General Conference, Glasgow, 18-24th August, 2002, discussing the evolution of the Swedish web since the Royal Library began harvesting "snapshots" in 1997. The paper questions whether a true picture of Sweden is achieved, from both geographical and technical viewpoints, and comments on the possible influences of future web technologies.
http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/111-163e.pdf
Comparison of Existing Archival Systems
Borghoff, Uwe M. (Date Created: Apr 2006) (Germany)
This is a 7 page summary in English of a document originally published in German. It is part of a series of 7 digital preservation papers commissioned by nestor. This article describes the approach to the evaluation and selection of digital preservation systems. It outlines the evaluation schema, procedures and criteria. There is also a summary of the conceptional and technical orientation of the systems, their planning and development tendencies.
http://www.langzeitarchivierung.de/downloads/mat/03_summary.pdf
nestor studies; 3
Continuing Access and Digital Preservation Strategy for the UK Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC)
Beagrie, Neil In: D-Lib magazine (Date Created: Jul 2004) (United Kingdom)
This article provides a description of the work of JISC within the context of the Continuing Access and Digital Preservation Strategy for the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) 2002-05 and its associated implementation plan. A general description of the strategy is included as well as a discussion of the outcomes to date.
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july04/beagrie/07beagrie.html
Costs of Digital Preservation
Testbed Digitale Bewaring (Date Created: May 2005) (Netherlands)
This article discusses in detail the cost model developed at the Testbed Digitale Bewaring (Digital Preservation Testbed). Cost indicators, which influence the total cost of preservation, are canvassed. The cost model calculates and compares the costs of the various preservation strategies and several document types, such as email, text, spreadsheets and databases.
http://www.digitaleduurzaamheid.nl/bibliotheek/docs/CoDPv1.pdf
Crisis for Web Preservation
Olsen, Florence (Date Created: 24 Jun 2004) (United States of America)
This brief article raises concerns regarding the United States Federal Depository Program’s failure to preserve all government publications that are only available on the web. Such publications are termed ‘fugitive documents’ since they are not deposited into the US library system via the library deposit legislation, which puts them at risk of being permanently lost once they disappear from the web. In order to provide long-term access to these documents the US government is looking into web harvesting technologies and has publicly sought submissions from vendors.
http://www.fcw.com/print/10_20/news/83288-1.html
Current Issues in Web Archiving in Australia
Koerbin, Paul (Date Created: Jul 2005) (Australia)
This paper discusses the curatorial, technical and legal issues currently problematic for web archiving activities by PANDORA at the National Library of Australia.
http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/2005/koerbin1.html
Paper given at the Open Publish Conference, Sydney, Australia, 27-29 July 2005.
Historical DARE : A New Age in Academic Information Provision in the Netherlands
Van der Vaart, Lilian (Date Created: 01 Jul 2003) (Netherlands)
The DARE programme (Digital Academic Repositories), which runs from 2003-2006, was instigated in the Netherlands as a joint programme between all Dutch Universities, the National Library of the Netherlands, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research. The aim of DARE, is to “ enable universities to better fulfil their own role and responsibility in the preservation and accessibility of the academic information produced in their own institute.” This paper describes the processes and developments of the first stage of the programme (up to June 2003).
http://www.surffoundation.nl/download/Paper_EUNIS_2003.pdf
This paper was given at the 9th International Conference of European University Information Systems (EUNIS) in Amsterdam, 4 July, 2003
Data for the future: The German Project "Co-operative Development of a Long-Term Digital Information Archive" (kopal)
Altenhöner, Reinhard (Date Created: Feb 2006) (Germany)
This paper delivered at the 8th Bielefield Conference (7-9 Feb 2006) provides an overview of the German kopal project.
http://conference.ub.uni-bielefeld.de/2006/proceedings/altenhoener_fin
al_web.pdf
Also available in Library Hi-Tech, Vol 24, No. 4, 2006 pp. 574-582.
Dawning of the Dutch Network of Digital Academic REpositories (DARE) : a Shared Experience
Feijen, Martin; van der Kuil, Annemiek In: Ariadne (Date Created: Oct 2004) (Netherlands)
This article describes the first year of the DARE project. The Project was initiated to preserve and provide access to the results of Dutch academic research from a range of institutions. This article covers the infrastructure, implementation, the data and service models, lessons learned and future plans of the project.
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue41/vanderkuil/
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Historical Deposit of Scientific and Technical Gray Literature in Portugal : a Case Study
Borbinha, José; Correia, Ana Maria Ramalho (Date Created: Jul 2001) (Portugal)
This article outlines a project developed by the National Library of Portugal to archive scientific and technical grey literature. The project involves the development of an infrastructure to enable voluntary deposit, to identify and specify the types and formats of grey literature, to establish workflows in the publication and to enhance the awareness and access to grey literature. Existing national and international approaches to accessing, archiving and preservation of grey literature are discussed
http://www.sigmod.org/dblp//db/conf/nddl/nddl2001.html
Paper presented at the International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, 7-10 July, 2001.
Design and Selection Criteria for a National Web Archive
Freitas, Sergio; Gomes, Daniel; Silva, Mario J. (Date Created: Sep 2006) (Portugal)
This paper presented at ECDL 2006 conference in September, describes the architecture of the Tomba prototype. The paper also discusses strategies to populate a web archive, selection, and access. Tomba : Portuguese Web Archive was developed by the Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa and has been crawling the Portuguese web since 2002.
http://xldb.fc.ul.pt/daniel/docs/papers/gomes06tomba.pdf
Available in Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, pp 196-207 http://www.springerlink.com/content/e313463036m04246/
Developing a Profile for a National Long-term Preservation Policy
Severiens, Thomas (Date Created: Apr 2006) (Germany)
This is a 6 page English summary of a document originally published in German (140 p.), "Zur Entwicklung eines Beschreibungsprofils Langzeit-Archivierungs-Strategie fur eine nationale (National long-term Preservation Policy) - ein Beitrag aus der Sicht der Wissenschaften". It is part of a series of 7 digital preservation papers commissioned by nestor. The document mainly discusses the scope of a national long-term preservation policy.
http://www.langzeitarchivierung.de/downloads/mat/07_summary.pdf
nestor studies; 7
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Historical Developing national collections of electronic publications: issues to be considered and recommendations for future collaborative actions
Fullerton, Jan (Last Updated: Aug 1998) (Australia)
This paper was presented by Jan Fullerton, Deputy Director General of the National Library of Australia, to the workshop "Legal Deposit of Electronic Materials", sponsored by the IFLA Section on National Libraries and held in Amsterdam on 20th August 1998. It seeks to identify areas of common interest where national libraries can work together to progress the issues surrounding the management of electronic publications. The paper makes several recommendations emphasising the collaborative role National Libraries need to adopt to manage their electronic publications.
http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/int_issu.html
Paper delivered at the workshop
Development of Cultural Heritage Digitisation and Access : Lithuanian Approach
Dauglia, Giedrius; Varnienė, Regina (Date Created: Oct 2007) (Lithuania)
This paper describes the approach and lessons learned in creating the Integrated Virtual Library System by memory institutions in Lithuania. The architecture and standards for file management and metadata and associated systems are described.
http://www.epaveldas.lt/vbspi/content/docs/publications/7_1.pdf
In P, Cunningham and M. Cunningham (eds.), Expanding the Knowledge Economy: Issues, Applications, Case Studies. pp. 1690- 1697
Digital Archive Developments
Falk, Howard (Date Created: 2003)
This article provides a guide to the development of digital archives in universities, colleges, as well as national and international governmental institutions worldwide. The author provides an overview of academic digital archives in the USA and Europe; the concerns of journal publishing such as the costs of digital repositories and copyright; worldwide national initiatives and projects to preserve digital materials including activities of the British Library, Library of Congress, and the National Archives of Australia; as well as information relating to archiving software.
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/02640470310491603
Available in The Electronic Library, Vol 21, Number 4, pp. 375-379 (ISSN 02640473). Subscription is also available online at http://konstanza.emeraldinsight.com/. Available in HTML or pdf formats.
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Digital Archiving
National Library of Australia (Regularly Updated) (Australia)
A Web page summarising the National Library of Australia's digital archiving initiatives. Links are provided to key documents which describe the various components of the program.
http://www.nla.gov.au/initiatives/digarch.html
Digital Black Hole
Palm, Jonas (Date Created: Apr 2006) (Sweden)
This article was published as part of the Training for Audiovisual Preservation in Europe (TAPE) programme. The article presents an analysis of costs for digitizing and long-term storage at the Riksarkivet (National Archives, RA) in Stockholm, Sweden.
http://www.tape-online.net/docs/Palm_Black_Hole.pdf
Digital Cultural Heritage and the Cooperation of National Memory Institutes
Žabička, Petr (Date Created: May 2006) (Czech Republic)
This paper discusses and current and future developments of the WebArchiv, a project to selectively archive the Czech web cultural heritage. It outlines the acquisition and access process, the hardware and software infrastruce and aspects of national and international cooperation for the project.
http://en.webarchiv.cz/files/dokumenty/konference/Zabickabanskabystric
a2006.doc
Paper presented at the the 1st Colloquium of Library Information Employees of the V4+ Countries. State Science Library, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, 11 - 13 May, 2006. Libraries in the Knowledge Society
Digital Curation Centre : Externally Moderated Reflective Self-Evaluation : Report
Brophy, Peter; Frey, Jeremy (Date Created: Sep 2006)
The Digital Curation Centre was established in 2004. This report evaluates the activities, outputs and achievements of the Centre since then based on a model of self evaluation and moderated by independent external advisers. The report is based on information gathered from a staff survey, community survey, feedback from workshop participants, focus groups and interviews with experts. The report concludes that the DDC be retained and its activites expanded with the integration of changes suggested in the report.
http://www.dcc.ac.uk/docs/DCC_Evaluation_Report_Final.pdf
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Historical Digital Curation: digital archives, libraries and e-science seminar
Beagrie, Neil; Pothen, Philip In: Ariadne (Last Updated: 17 Jan 2002)
A summary of an invitational seminar held in London on the 19th October 2001 sponsored by the Digital Preservation Coalition and the British National Space Centre.
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue30/digital-curation/
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Digital Data Curation Task Force : Report of the Task Force Strategy Discussion Day
Digital Archiving Consultancy (Date Created: Jan 2003) (United Kingdom)
This report summarises issues discussed at a meeting of the Digital Data Curation Task Force held 26th November 2002 in London. The Task Force was established to work towards defining and structuring a strategy for the use and re-use of digital research data in the UK. Membership of the Task Force covers research, academic and commericial sectors. Areas discussed include the need to establish exemplar science-led research projects which would demonstrate the benefits and value of the re-use of primary research data and the concept of 'curation'.
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/CurationTaskForceFinal1.pdf
Historical Digital Durability at the KB: Digital Archiving and Development of 'Permanent Access Technology'
Bellekom, Chris ; van Wijngaarden, Hilde (Date Created: 2003) (Netherlands)
Outlines the requirements for 'permanent access technology' at the Koninklijke Bibliotheek (National Library of the Netherlands), their effort to build an e-Depot, as well as their approach to long-term preservation of image-formats employing the Universal Virtual Computer.
Informatie Professional - 7(2003)11; p. 32-35, ISSN 1385-5328 http://www.informatieprofessional.nl/
Digital Library Initiatives Across Europe
Raitt, David (Date Created: Nov 2000)
A revised version of a paper presented at the 11th International Conference on New Information Technology, 18-20 August, 1999, in Taipei, Taiwan. This article, published in "Computers in Libraries" reviews current European digital library initiatives, and includes links to the various project websites.
http://www.infotoday.com/cilmag/nov00/raitt.htm
Computers in Libraries, Vol. 20, No. 10, Nov./Dec. 2000
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Historical Digital Preservation : A Report From the Roundtable Held in Munich, 10-11 October 1999
Beagrie, Neil; Elkington, Nancy In: RLG DigiNews (Date Created: 15 Dec 1999) (Germany)
This report about the Roundtable meeting held in Munich in October 1999, hosted by the Bavarian State Library and the German National Library, provides a brief summary of current research and programmes for digital preservation and an overview of the situation within Germany itself.
http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/da/ViewObjectMain.jsp?fileid=0000070519
:000006286512&reqid=4139#confrep
Digital Preservation : Awareness, Responsibility and Rights Issues
Muir, Adrienne (Date Created: 2004) (United Kingdom)
This article reports on the first phase of the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation research project. The project aims to ascertain to what extent copyright legislation and licensed access to digital content affects the digital preservation efforts of libraries in the UK. The project methodology includes survey questionnaires, literature reviews, face to face interviews and a seminar. This report analyses the results of the first two methodologies.
10.1177/0155551504041680
http://jis.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/30/1/73
Journal of Information Science, Vol. 30, no.1 (2004), ISSN 0165-5515, pp. 73-92.
Digital Preservation Activities in the UK: Building the Infrastructure
Jones, Maggie (Date Created: Aug 2003) (United Kingdom)
This article provides an overview of the developments and activities in digital preservation in the United Kingdom – from the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) and British Library-hosted workshop at the University of Warwick in 1995 up until the present day. Included are summaries of the Cedars and CAMiLEON projects, the JISC Continuing Access and Digital Preservation Strategy (2002-2005), the work of the British Library and the National Archives as well as the Digital Preservation Coalition.
http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla69/papers/129e-Jones.pdf
This paper was given at the World Library and Information Congress: 69th IFLA General Conference and Council, 1-9 August, 2003 in Berlin
Historical Digital Preservation and Copyright
Hirtle, Peter B (Date Created: 2003) (United States of America)
This article addresses the legal issues associated with digital preservation in the USA. The author examines sections of US Copyright Law pertaining to areas such as archiving computer programs; preservation copies of libraries and archives; and fair use preservation provisions for libraries and individuals. Issues surrounding the preservation of the World Wide Web, as well as the relationship between licensing and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), are also addressed.
http://fairuse.stanford.edu/commentary_and_analysis/2003_11_hirtle.htm
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Digital Preservation and Permanent Access : the UVC for Images
Oltmans, Erik; van Wijngaarden, Hilde (Date Created: 2004) (Netherlands)
This paper describes the extension of the e-Depot at the Koninklijke Bibliotheek, the National Library of the Netherlands. Two components of the preservation subsystem, the Preservation Manager and the Universal Virtual Computer (UVC) for images are covered in detail. The Preservation Manager monitors the technical environment required to render stored digital objects. The UVC offers a method for permanent access to images, with the future aim being to support PDF for the long term.
http://www.kb.nl/hrd/dd/dd_links_en_publicaties/publicaties/uvc-ist.pd
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Digital Preservation at the National Library of France: A Technical and Organizational Overview
Bermes, Emmanuelle; Carbone, Isabelle Dussert; Ledoux, Thomas; Lupovici, Christian (Date Created: 01 Jul 2008) (France)
This paper provides an overview of digital preservation activities at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF). The Library's digital preservation repository SPAR (Système de Préservation et d’Archive Réparti / Distributed Archiving and Preservation System) is described. Organisational issues including mass digitisation, preservation acitivites and collaboration are briefly discussed.
http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla74/papers/084-Bermes_Carbone_Ledoux_Lupovic
i-en.pdf
World Library and Information Congress: 74th IFLA General Conference and Council
Digital Preservation Coalition
Jones, Maggie (Date Created: Jun 2004) (United Kingdom)
This article, adapted from a paper given by the author at the August 2003 IFLA Conference, gives a brief history and description of the major activities of the Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC) since its inception in February 2002.
http://oberon.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/03055720410531031
Also available in pdf version and in VINE Digital Preservation and Libraries, Part Two. , Vol. 34, no. 2, 2004, pp. 84-86, ISSN 0305-5728
Digital Preservation in Practice: The e-Depot at the Koninklijke Bibliotheek
Oltmans, Erik; van Wijngaarden, Hilde (Date Created: Jan 2004) (Netherlands)
This article describes the Koninklijke Bibliotheek’s (KB – Netherlands’ National Library) partnership with IBM in relation to the long-term preservation of digital materials. Both parties have developed a standard-based deposit system called the e-Depot. This article not only provides an overview of the main functions of the e-Depot, but describes further developments by the KB/IBM team, including a preservation manager for the storage and use of technical metadata within the e-Deport and an access tool, the Universal Virtual Computer (UVC).
http://ninetta.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentTy
pe=Article&contentId=862527
Also available in PDF version and in VINE, Vol 34, No 1, 2004, pp. 21-26, ISSN 0305-5728 (Special Issue: Digital Preservation and Libraries. Part One).
Digital Preservation in the Estonian National Archives
National Archives of Estonia (Date Created: 2003) (Estonia)
This document covers the background, current and future plans for digital preservation at the Estonian National Archives. It includes topics such as legal issues, strategic plans, survey and preservation of national datasets, data conversion and metadata. Specific projects are also discussed.
http://www.ra.ee/galahad/file_storage/2/949
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Historical Digital Preservation: The Australian Experience
Woodyard, Deborah (Date Created: Oct 2000) (Australia)
This paper, presented at the 3rd Digital Library Conference: Positioning the Fountain of Knowledge, discusses how and what is being digitally preserved in Australia. Current projects include standardizing metadata and preserving audio collections and electronic publications. Cooperative projects, such as PANDORA and PADI are two of the projects mentioned.
http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/dw001004.html
Digital Repositories Roadmap : Looking Forward
Heery, Rachel; Powell, Andy (Date Created: 07 Apr 2006) (United Kingdom)
Funded by JISC (Joint Information Systems Committee), this discussion document provides information on current practices, future plans and individual roadmaps for various types of repository material such as geospatial data, academic papers and learning material. The content of the roadmap was made by contributors from academic and research organisations in the UK.
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/rep-roadmap-v15.doc
Digital Repository Certification : a Report from Germany
Dobratz, Susanne ; Schoger, Astrid In: RLG DigiNews (Date Created: 15 Oct 2005) (Germany)
This article provides an overview of two different certification-related initiatives and approaches in Germany - the Deutsche Initiative f�r Netzwerkinformation (DINI) Certificate for Document and Publication Repositories and the Working Group on Trusted Repository Certification of the Network of Expertise in Long-term STOrage of Digital Resources (nestor).
http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/08/08/0000070511/viewer/file3
025.html#article3
Digitization and the Preservation of Digital Data in German Museums
Witthaut, Dirk (Date Created: Apr 2006) (Germany)
This is a 7 page English summary of a document originally published in German. It is part of a series of 7 digital preservation papers commissioned by nestor. Although the document is written from a German perspective, the issues and recommendations are of interest of the international digital preservation community.
http://www.langzeitarchivierung.de/downloads/mat/02_summary.pdf
nestor studies; 2
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Historical Digitizing, Archiving and Preserving Japanese Cultural Heritage
Harada, Hisayoshi In: RLG DigiNews (Date Created: 15 Apr 2003) (Japan)
This article describes the current activities and initiatives at the National Diet Library in creating a National Digital Library Digitization Project. Copyright is discussed, especially in regard to networked digital publications. The National Diet Library also has several projects planned, including WARP (Web Archiving Project) and DNAVI (the NDL Database Navigation Service). The National Diet Library has also begun research and study for long term preservation of digital information to make the public aware of its importance. A three year project began in 2002 to set up comprehensive guidelines and policies for long term preservation strategies.
http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/da/ViewObjectMain.jsp?fileid=0000070519
:000006287396&reqid=3826#feature1
Distributed Preservation in a National Context : NDIIPP at Mid-point
Smith, Abby In: D-Lib magazine (Date Created: Jun 2006) (United States of America)
This article describes the progress of the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) after five and a half years. The article focusses on the initiative's strategic investment in technical infrastructure, enabling infrastucture such as copyright and remaining challenges.
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june06/smith/06smith.html
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DiVA : Academic Archive Online
Müller, Eva In: DigiCULT.Info Newsletter
This article provides a general overview of the DiVA archive, including current functionality and workflows . In operation since January 2003, the DiVA system is used by several universities in Nordic countries. Long term preservation is an integral part of the system. Each document is assigned a persistent identifier and an archive copy is stored in a local depository as well as sent to the appropriate national library digital archive. The article also describes the development of the DiVA document format (DDF), which is an XML document type, as an important part of the long term preservation strategy.
http://www.digicult.info/downloads/digicult_info_9.pdf
DK Domain : in Words and Figures
Andersen, Bjarne (Date Created: Feb 2006) (Denmark)
In July 2005, new legal deposit laws in Demark gave the Royal Library and the State and University Library the mandate to gather and preserve the Danish domain of the Internet. This paper discusses the initial cross section harvesting that occurred from July to October 2005. Also discussed are the technical specifications of the harvest, harvest limitations, statistics on file types and the size of Danish websites.
http://netarkivet.dk/publikationer/DFrevy_english.pdf
Historical ECDL 2001 Workshop - What's next for Digital Deposit Libraries? Preserving Online Content for Future Generations - Papers
Lupovici, Catherine; Masanès, Julien (Date Created: 26 Sep 2001) (France)
This web site contains links to presentations given at the ECDL 2001 Workshop on September 8, 2001 in Darmstadt, Germany. Topics focus on legal deposit and the internet, web harvesting and archiving. Papers in Powerpoint format include - Austrian On-Line Archive : Current Status and Next Steps ; Harvesting the Finnish Web Space : Practical Experiences ; BnF's Project for Web Archiving ; Collection of German Online Resources by Die Deutsche Bibliothek ; Kulturarw the Swedish WWW Archive.
http://bibnum.bnf.fr/ecdl/2001/index.html
Editor's Interview : National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program
Campbell, Laura In: RLG DigiNews (Date Created: 15 Jun 2003) (United States of America)
In this interview, Laura Campbell, Associate Librarian for Strategic Initiatives, Library of Congress, relates the development and implementation of the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP). Topics covered include funding, proposals, objectives, and stakeholders.
http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/da/ViewObjectMain.jsp?fileid=0000070513
:000006285814&reqid=1033#feature1
Electronic Publications : Access Now and in the Future
Lunden, Tomas (Date Created: 15 Nov 2005) (Sweden)
This is a report of a seminar held on the 18th October 2005 at the Swedish Royal Library. The seminar discussed technical, political and organisational issues involved in the long term preservation and access to electronic publications.
http://www.sciecom.org/sciecominfo/artiklar/lunden_05_03.shtml
ScieCom info, Issue 3, 15 November 2005
Historical Electronic Publications and National Bibliography in Japan
National Diet Library (Date Created: Dec 1999) (Japan)
This newsletter article discusses the National Diet Library of Japan's approach to the concept of an electronic library, the legal deposit and acquisition of electronic publications and their bibliographic control.
http://www.ndl.go.jp/en/publication/ndl_newsletter/112/123.html
in National Diet Library Newsletter
Historical Electronic Publications and the Legal Deposit System in Japan
National Diet Library (Date Created: Jan 1999) (Japan)
This article outlines the presentation of a report in May 1998 from the Legal Deposit System Research Council, an advisory group for the National Diet Librarian, entitled "The Interim Report: On Institution and Management of the Legal Deposit System of Electronic Publications".
http://www.ndl.go.jp/en/publication/ndl_newsletter/107/076.html
in, National Diet Library Newsletter, no. 107, January 1999.
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Electronic Publications and the Survival of Information
Jones, Maggie; Webb, Colin (Last Updated: 20 Oct 1998)
This paper discusses organisational issues surrounding the management and preservation of electronic publications, surveying current projects and focusing on activities within the National Library of Australia.
http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/mjcwvala.html
Historical Electronic Publications as Legal Deposit Copies
Hakala, Juha; Helsinki University Library In: Tietolinja News (Date Created: 15 Jan 1999) (Finland)
This article is a detailed discussion of the proposals made by the Working Group that conducted the revision of the Finnish Legal Deposit Act. The discussion includes: freely accessible online publications and the decision not to make their deposit compulsory; specific deposit requirements for physical format and online electronic documents; delivery methods of electronic documents to be deposited; the treatment of electronic articles; and the use of electronic legal deposit copies.
http://www.lib.helsinki.fi/tietolinja/0199/legaldep.html
Tietolinja News : Electronic Newsletter of the Library Network Services, (ISSN 1239-9132), Helsinki University Library, 1/1999
Historical Electronic Publications Pilot 1996/97 : Final Report
Hjartarson, Fay; Mowat, Kathryn; Ramage, Pamela (Date Created: May 1999) (Canada)
Conducted as a joint initiative between Statistics Canada and the Depository Services Program (DSP) between 1996-1997, the Electronic Publications Pilot's (EPP) main aim was to gather information on how DSP libraries and their users were embracing the electronic environment, and to assess the impact electronic publications would have on print publications. This article provides an overview of the pilot, including an explanation of the methodology undertaken, limitations of the study, research findings including technical and resource problems and archiving issues.
ISBN: 0662278607
http://www.statcan.ca/bsolc/english/bsolc?catno=11-534-R&CHROPG=1
Catalogue no. 11-534-RIE
Historical ePrints UK : Developing a National E-Prints Archive
Martin, Ruth In: Ariadne (Date Created: 2003) (United Kingdom)
ePrints UK is a two year project which aims to provide the higher and further education sector access to and preservation of the e-print papers available from compliant open archive repositories. This paper provides a brief overview of the ePrints UK project, including technical issues such as database development and SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) interfaces and non technical issues such as intellectual property rights and insufficient repositories from which to harvest records.
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue35/martin
ERA: An Archives of the Future for the Future
Carlin, John W. (Date Created: 2004) (United States of America)
Written by the Archivist of the United States, this article provides an overview of the challenges facing the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in dealing with the preservation of federal government electronic records. The article describes the NARA’s attempts in dealing with such challenges, by outlining developments of the Electronic Records Archive (ERA). Included in the article are descriptions of stakeholders, the main functions and bids for design of the ERA, as well as other projects and initiatives the NARA is undertaking in relation to electronic recordkeeping.
http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2004/spring/archivist.ht
ml
Available in Prologue, a quarterly publication of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Spring 2004, Vol. 36, No. 1
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Historical EVA : The Acquisition and Archiving of Electronic Network Publications In Finland
Lounamaa, Kirsti; Salonharju, Inkeri In: Tietolinja News (Date Created: 15 Jan 1999) (Finland)
This article presents the current status of a project to capture and preserve electronic documents published in the Finnish Internet. The article describes the policy used to select the material to be included in the collection, the capturing process, the storage technology and accessing method. Electronic documents are not yet a part of the Legal Deposit in Finland, but the revision of the Act is going on and the aim is to also preserve electronic publications for the coming generations.
http://www.lib.helsinki.fi/tietolinja/0199/evaart.html
Tietolinja News 1/1999
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EXtensible Past : The Relevance of the XML Data Format for Access to Historical Datasets and a Strategy for Digital Preservation
Kramer, Rutger; van Horik, René; van Nispen, Annelies In: D-Lib magazine (Date Created: Feb 2005) (Netherlands)
This article describes the 'X past' project undertaken by the Netherlands Historical Data Archive (NHDA) which was developed to investigate how OAI PMH (Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) can be used for long term access to historical datasets. The development of a prototype to investigate the practical considerations of whether XML can be used for long term preservation of datasets is also discussed.
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february05/vannispen/02vannispen.html
FAQ: You've Got Mail - Now What? Regulatory & Policy Dilemmas in Email Management: Part I: US Federal Environment
Entlich, Richard In: RLG DigiNews (Date Created: 15 Apr 2006) (United States of America)
This is the first of a two part discussion of legal issues surrounding the retention and preservation of emails as required by law in the United States. Part I covers US Federal law.
http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/08/08/0000070511/viewer/file8
80.html#article3
FAQ: You've Got Mail - Now What? Regulatory & Policy Dilemmas in Email Management: Part II. US State Environment
Entlich, Richard In: RLG DigiNews (Date Created: 15 Jun 2006) (United States of America)
This is the second of a two part discussion of legal issues surrounding the retention and preservation of emails as required by law in the United States. Part II discusses a survey of the regulations in the 50 United States.
http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/da/ViewObject.jsp?objid=0000070513&reqi
d=2789
Historical First Experience in Archiving the French Web
Abiteboul, Serge; Cobéna, Gregory; Masanès, Julien; Sedrati, Gerald (Date Created: Sep 2002) (France)
This paper describes preliminary work and experiments by the Bibliothèque nationale de France and INRIA in archiving the French web under legal deposit legislation. Defining the perimeter of the French web and versioning issues are also discussed.
ftp://ftp.inria.fr/INRIA/Projects/verso/gemo/GemoReport-229.pdf
Historical First National Consultative Meeting on the Management of Australian Physical-Format Digital Publications
National Library of Australia (Last Updated: 16 Oct 1998) (Australia)
A National Consultative Meeting on the management of Australian physical-format digital publications brought together representatives from publishers, creators and the National and State Libraries. The meeting aimed to seek agreement on key principles and responsibilities related to the long-term access to digital publications in physical formats. Issues such as legal and voluntary deposit, copyright, access, licensing, collection development, cataloguing, and preservation paths were discussed and an action plan formalised to progress the development of strategies for the long-term preservation and access to significant Australian publications.
http://www.nla.gov.au/niac/meetings/physical.html
Functional Requirements for a Preservation System
Testbed Digitale Bewaring (Date Created: Jan 2005) (Netherlands)
This article discusses the requirements for a preservation system to implement the Digital Preservation Testbed recommendations. It focuses mainly on the preservation planning aspect of the OAIS model. An associated document, Costs of Digital Preservation, examines the costs associated with the digital archive. The preservation of digital records are described within the context of several phases including pre-accession, accession and long term preservation. Specific features of a system to support the Testbed recommendations for preserving email, text document, spreadsheet and databases are also discussed.
http://www.digitaleduurzaamheid.nl/bibliotheek/docs/Technical_and_Func
tional_Requirements.pdf
GPO LOCKSS Pilot Project
United States. Government Printing Office. (Date Created: 20 Jun 2005) (United States of America)
This article describes the United States Government Printing Office 12 month pilot project using LOCKSS (Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) as a means to manage, disseminate, and preserve access to Web-based Federal Government e-journals that are within the scope of the FDLP (Federal Depository Library Program) and the IES (International Exchange Service).
http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/fdlp/lockss/index.html