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Roles and responsibilities

In the digital environment, roles and relationships are changing. Information systems designers and suppliers, creators, publishers, distributors, collectors and access providers all have a role to play in ensuring long-term access to digital information. Because of the effect some functions have on others, it is vital that responsibilities are well-defined and the impacts from decisions made at one stage on procedures at a later stage are well understood. The cooperation of all with a role in the generation, use, management, distribution and preservation of digital objects is essential.

Models for Cooperation

In the digital environment, information is typically distributed across many sites with a range of people responsible for preserving access. In its seminal report issued in 1996, Preserving Digital Information: Final Report and Recommendations, the (US) Task Force on Archiving of Digital Information recommended the establishment of a national system of certified digital archives collectively responsible for maintaining long-term access. The report argued that, in a time of immense change, a distributed system for collecting, protecting and preserving digital information would be the "most effective and affordable" strategy which assigned responsibility with "those who presumably care most about and have the greatest understanding of the value of particular digital information objects". A range of organisational models have evolved in different countries and a variety of types of organisations are poised to play a role. These include: legal deposit libraries, data centres, digitisers, universities, research institutions and publishers.

The National Library of Australia assumes a distributed and cooperative model. In its Statement of Principles for the Preservation of and Long-Term Access to Australian Digital Objects, developed in consultation with representatives from a wide range of sectors is the principle:

The location, selection, identification/cataloguing and retention of digital objects will be best achieved through the coordinated distribution of responsibilities.
A national network of archives, collecting organisations and other information providers operating through formal agreements in which responsibilities are well-defined will best serve to preserve access to significant digital objects.

A national collection of electronic publications, built on shared responsibility for archiving by the National and State libraries, is being developed. This is still evolving: while a number of State libraries have decided to be part of the PANDORA architecture developed by the National Library, others are pursuing their own systems. The National Library of Australia particularly values the evolution of this loose national network and its anticipated gradual extension to other significant stakeholders such as university libraries and major publishers with an interest in archiving. The archiving of electronic theses being pursued by university libraries through the Australian Digital Theses Project illustrates the way a national archiving and preservation model is likely to develop: as a patchwork of action by players with particular business needs and interests.

Within the Australian archives sector, the National Archives of Australia will register and control electronic records which have been in existence for 25 years and which are deemed to be of enduring value, but, in most cases, will establish arrangements whereby the records will be kept with the agency (see the section on 'Retaining Electronic Records in Agency Custody' in Keeping Electronic Records, National Archives of Australia, 1995).

The National Library of Canada (NLC) is currently initiating discussions with the Canadian library and publishing communities on long-term cooperative preservation. It also aims to define roles and responsibilities for archiving digital materials through the Canadian Initiative on Digital Libraries (CIDL) alliance. Several possible cooperative arrangements are discussed in the NLC document, Networked Electronic Publications Policy and Guidelines: a distributed model, possibly including multiple copies of publications stored at different locations; a distributed access but centralised preservation model in which the NLC might store electronic hard copies of publications also stored by other parties on remote servers; or a centralised model in which the NLC would work with other federal agencies to create a central repository for electronic information.

In the UK, a number of models have been successfully adopted for different types of digital material. The Arts and Humanities Data Service (AHDS) is a centrally managed but geographically distributed service which has assumed a significant role in preserving access to digital resources in the arts and humanities field for the higher education sector. The Natural Environment Research Council data centres are also based on a physically distributed model in which materials are housed at locations where there is expertise to manage them. A UK study (Responsibility for digital archiving and long term access to digital data), funded through the higher education sector's Joint Information Systems Committee, recommended that a body should be established to coordinate archiving of digital materials in the UK but that the job of maintaining the archives should be contracted out to specialist agencies with the appropriate expertise. It was proposed that the coordinating body might be formed as an extension of the National Preservation Office (NPO). One of the most prominent collaborations in digital preservation over the past few years has occurred in the higher education and research sectors in the UK. The eLib program has provided both funds and vision for the investigation of digital preservation issues. The program funds the CEDARS project, being undertaken under the overall direction of the (UK) Consortium of University Research Libraries (CURL).

In the USA, the Research Libraries Group (RLG) and the Digital Library Federation (DLF) have set up a joint taskforce to look at policy and practice for long-term retention of digital material. It will "create one or more digital preservation policy frameworks that adequately address the material types and relevant institutional contexts."

The European Commission has been a very active supporter of regional collaboration. Among many interesting projects supporting access to digital heritage is the NEDLIB project, a collaborative project involving eight European national libraries, one national archive, two IT development companies and three major publishers, coordinated by the National Library of the Netherlands. The project "aims to construct the basic infrastructure upon which a networked European deposit library can be built" in order to ensure ongoing access to electronic publications.

Role of Creators

In its report, Preserving Digital Information: Final Report and Recommendations, the (US) Task Force on Archiving of Digital Information wrote, "To the extent that creators/providers/owners of digital information accept initial responsibility for archiving their objects, they may begin to see the wisdom of incorporating migration paths or other provisions for preservation as an integral part of the process or system that generates digital information." Initial steps taken by creators might also include ensuring that necessary metadata is included which will assist organisations taking longer term responsibility; lodging the digital object with an organisation which is willing to accept long-term preservation responsibility for it; or adherence to standards. Without this cooperation, it may not be possible for institutions to maintain access to these publications, even if they are willing to do so. While many will need to negotiate with collecting institutions for their material to be preserved, larger institutions which are creators, such as universities, may have strong interest and be well-equipped to take responsibility for providing long-term access to their own digital material.

Role of Publishers

The role of publishers in preserving access to digital publications has been much debated. A recent US study, (The Unsettled State of Archiving, Beebes and Meyers in The Journal of Electronic Publishing June, 1999) found that publishers see themselves playing an expanding role in the area of archiving. This assumption was also demonstrated in the responses of several publishers in a recent UK study (Responsibility for digital archiving and long term access to digital data, Haynes, Streatfield, Jowett and Blake) who suggested that they or the rights holders should archive their own materials. At a meeting held at the National Library of Australia in October 1997, focussing on the roles and responsibilities in ensuring access to physical format digital material, publishers present indicated strongly that they had no charter to preserve access to their information and would do so only for as long as it remained commercially viable. However, the possibility of publishers providing library-friendly versions (for example copies without hard coding or logical devices that prevented reformatting) of their publications was discussed, with publishers indicating that libraries would need to be able to ensure protection of copyright. In Australia, the PANDORA Project will be instrumental in assessing what arrangements will need to be made for those publishers who do intend to play an active preservation role for networked publications. Even if publishers hand over their material to libraries, their involvement in developing products which facilitate preservation and in the adoption of current best standards and practices will be crucial.

Roles within Organisations

In addition to redefining responsibilities of organisations, it may be necessary to redefine roles within organisations to ensure long-term access to digital information. In an archives or records management environment, for example, responsibility for maintaining long-term access to digital records may be shared between business managers, records management and information technology personnel, and individual creators.

Text last updated: Oct 1999

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Articles

3D-ArchGIS: Archiving Cultural Heritage In A 3D Multimedia Space
Arnaoutoglou, Fotis; Chamzas, Christodoulos; Koutsoudis, Anestis; Pavlidis, George; Tsirliganis, Nestor C In: DigiCULT.Info Newsletter (Date Created: Dec 2003) (Greece)
This article looks at the work of the Cultural and Educational Technology Institute (CETI) in Greece in developing an experimental application known as 3D-ArchGIS. Only in its initial stages, 3D-ArchGIS has been designed for the purposes of 3D-digital archiving of cultural objects. The article provides an overview of the system’s main features, the technology behind 3D-ArchGIS as well as a description of future developments.
http://www.digicult.info/downloads/dc_info_issue6_december_20031.pdf
Accountability and Accessibility : Ensuring the Evidence of E-governance in Australia
Cunningham, Adrian; Phillips, Margaret E. (Date Created: Aug 2005) (Australia)
This article is an updated version of a earlier article called Keeping Online Information Accessible for E-governance and E-democracy published in 2004. The article focuses on the need for government agencies and other institutions to ensure that electronic publications and organisational records are collected, managed and preserved as a means of ensuring long-term access for the benefit of e-governance and e-democracy. The article provides definitions of online publications and online records; explores the role of libraries and archives in e-government, including initiatives undertaken at the National Library of Australia and National Archives of Australia; addresses factors that contribute to the vulnerability of online information; and concludes with a list of factors that inhibit the long-term availability of online information for e-governance and e-democracy.
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/00012530510612059
Aslib Proceedings, ISSN 0001-253X , vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 301-317. Available via subscription from www.emeraldinsight.com
Addressing the Uncertain Future of Preserving the Past: Towards a Robust Strategy for Digital Archiving and Preservation
Stijn Hoorens; Jeff Rothenberg; Constantijn van Oranje; Martin van der Mandele; Ruth Levitt (Date Created: 2007) (Netherlands)
This report prepared for the Koninklijke Bibliotheek reviews the history of digital preservation, the role of National Libraries and publishers and discusses the dynamic environment of scholarly publishing. The report considers the strategy implications for the KB and its e-Depot archive.
http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR510/
Summary and Full document in PDF available for download from http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR510/ also available for sale. RAND (Technical ) Report TR-510-KB
Historical It Always Hurts the First Time: Experiences with Transferred Electronic Records
van Dijk, Marcel In: Cultivate Interactive (Date Created: Feb 2003) (Netherlands)
This case study notes the problems of transferring electronic records to the Amsterdam Public Record Office from a government agency. The study covers issues such as project planning, metadata, various file formats such as e-mails and text files.
http://www.cultivate-int.org/issue9/amsterdammro/
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Archiving E-mail
Boudrez, Filip; Van den Eynde, Sofie (Date Created: Aug 2002)
A report from the Flemish DAVID Project examining in detail the legal and technical issues related to the preservation of email records, including sections on email archiving policies and practice. The report is available in PDF format.
http://www.expertisecentrumdavid.be/davidproject/teksten/Rapporten/Rep
ort4.pdf
Historical Archiving the Web - Some Legal Aspects
Kavcic-Colic, Alenka (Date Created: 21 Aug 2002)
A paper presented at the 68th IFLA General Conference and Council held in Glasgow, 18-24 August, 2002, discussing some legal aspects of archiving publications from the web. Copyright and legal deposit legislation are discussed with regard to rights implications for harvesting, public access and long-term preservation.
http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/116-163e.pdf
Also available in French at http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/116-163f.pdf
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Historical Archiving the World Wide Web
Lyman, Peter In: Building a National Strategy for Digital Preservation: Issues in Digital Media Archiving (Date Created: Apr 2002) (United States of America)
A paper in the series of six environmental scans commissioned as part of the US National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP), this article examines archiving the web from several perspectives. As well as technical issues, such as those involved in defining the digital object, authenticity and provenance and the technologies needed for preservation, the article considers the roles of librarians and computer scientists in managing digital material and organisational issues such as copyright and the responsibility to preserve.
http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub106/web.html
The collected papers are also available in PDF format via: http://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub106abst.html
Asking the Right Questions : The Role of the Conservator in Digital Projects
Paris, Jan (Date Created: 2008) (United States of America)
This article explains the criteria used by Jan Paris (University of North Carolina Chapel Hill) in deciding whether vulnerable material may be digitised and the impact of preservation and access considerations including reduced future handling, enabling value-added research and producing teaching aids.
http://liber.library.uu.nl/publish/articles/000245/article.pdf
Liber Quarterly Vol 18, Issue 2, 2008 pp 310-320 and online at http://liber.library.uu.nl/
Historical Building and Sustaining Digital Collections: Models for Libraries and Museums
Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR) (Date Created: Aug 2001)
This meeting report looks at the challenges that cultural institutions face when putting collections online. Business case studies were presented which enabled participants to discuss issues such as property rights, organisational impacts and sustainability.
http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub100/pub100.pdf
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Historical Canadian Overview
Turko, Karen (Last Updated: 18 Feb 1999) (Canada)
This paper discusses the Canadian approach to roles and responsibilities for preserving long-term access, digital preservation, and digitisation.
http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/09/28/0000073852/viewer/file1
235.html
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Historical Case for Institutional Repositories: A SPARC Position Paper
Crow, Raym (Last Updated: 2002)
A report produced by the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition looking at the benefits of developing Institutional Repositories to capture and preserve scholarly output. Also examined is how the trend towards the self-publishing of primary research materials changes the roles of traditional scholarly publishers, academic libraries and specific faculties.
http://www.arl.org/sparc/bm~doc/ir_final_release_102.pdf
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Historical CEDARS Project Report: April 1998 - March 2001
CEDARS Project Team (Date Created: Jun 2001) (United Kingdom)
The report of the first three years of the CEDARS project, a focussed investigation into digital preservation issues. The report comprises an overview of the CEDARS demonstrator archive established across the CEDARS partners, the universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Leeds, and contains case studies for a variety of deposited digital materials and basic recommendations for use of migration and emulation as preservation strategies. The report also provides guidance and recommendations on organisational and management issues. The full report is available for download as PostScript or PDF.
http://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20050410120000/http://www
.leeds.ac.uk/cedars/pubconf/papers/projectReports/cedarsrepmar01exec.h
tml
Archived by the UK Web Archive
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Historical Collecting and Preserving the World Wide Web : a Feasibility Study Undertaken for the JISC and Wellcome Trust
Day, Michael (Date Created: 25 Feb 2003) (United Kingdom)
The study (91 p.) is an analysis of the task of archiving the web, and includes a review of current web archiving activities and approaches. One of the major recommendations of this study is to establish a pilot medical web archiving project using the National Library of Australia's PANDAS software.
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/archiving_feasibility.pdf
Historical Coming Crisis in Preserving Our Digital Cultural Heritage
Lynch, Clifford A (Date Created: 06 Jan 2003) (United States of America)
In this article the author explores the challenges that are facing cultural heritage institutions in relation to digital preservation. The author states that it is difficult for libraries to maintain their role of preserving society’s cultural and intellectual heritage due to the fact that an increasing amount of heritage is being produced in digital form. Constraints for librarians have arisen from digitisation and include areas such as legal rights and protections, both of which have made it difficult for copying and reformatting material. The article offers suggestions on how to address these problems, including making the preservation of intellectual and cultural record in digital form a public policy as well as a legal issue.
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a903396299~db=all~ord
er=page
Co-published in the Journal of Library Administration, (ISSN0193-0826) 38, 3/4, 2003 pp. 149-161 and : The Strategic Stewardship of Cultural Resources : To Preserve and Protect (ed: Andrea T. Merrill)
Comparison of Strategies and Policies for Building Distributed Digital Preservation Infrastructure : Initial Findings from the MetaArchive Cooperative
Halbert, Martin (Date Created: Dec 2008) (United States of America)
This paper discusses cooperative distributed digital content preservation infrastructures for small to medium cultural memory organisations (CMOs) using the MetaArchive Cooperative as an example. The paper considers and contrasts the role and responsibilities of cooperative distributed management for digital preservation and some external centralized infrastructures in the US and UK. It considers the requirements for ongoing sustainability of organisational models over time.
http://www.dcc.ac.uk/events/dcc-2008/programme/papers/Comparison%20of%
20Strategies%20&%20Policies.pdf
Paper of the 4th International Digital Curation Conference, 1-3 Dec 2008, Edinburgh Scotland
Historical Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation
Muir, Adrienne (Date Created: Jun 2003) (United Kingdom)
This article gives an overview of the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Project, which investigated whether copyright legislation and licensed access to digital content threaten the ability of libraries to provide long-term access to that content and to suggest ways in which the problems can be overcome. It also includes background information on digital preservation practices and their associated copyright problems.
http://www.cilip.org.uk/publications/updatemagazine/archive/archive200
3/june/update0306c.htm
in Library and Information Update, June 2003.
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Historical Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Project Seminar
Loughborough University of Technology. Dept. of Library and Information Studies (Date Created: 2003)
This is a report on the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Project Seminar held on November 19th, 2003 at the Policy Studies Institute in London. Attendees included publishers, librarians, legal and digital preservation experts. The seminar featured a presentation on the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Project, as well as discussion focused on preservation copying requirements, copyright issues and relationships with publishers. The report identifies constraints to digital preservation and proposes recommendations on how the constraints may be overcome.
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/ls/disresearch/CLDP/DOCUMENTS/Semin
ar%20Report%20.doc
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Historical Creating Trading Networks of Digital Archives
Cooper, Brian; Garcia-Molina, Hector (Date Created: 2001)
This paper examines how agencies might preserve digital collections by forming and participating in peer-to-peer (P2P) trading networks. Peer-to-peer trading algorithms and a simulator, to conduct and report on trading sessions, were used to examine issues of storage and replication allowances, trading network size, and choice and reliability of trading partners.
http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/726/
Creating Trust Relationships for Distributed Digital Preservation Federations
McDonald, Robert H.; Walters, Tyler O. (Date Created: 30 Aug 2008) (United States of America)
This article presented at iPRES 2008 (British Library Conference Centre, 29-30 Sept. 2008) outlines a model for digital preservation federation based upon several existing models including the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank regional governance model and its similarities to successful large-scale redundant internet networks. Other trust models are also examined and ideas for governance frameworks, business and collaborative organizational issues are considered.
http://www.bl.uk/ipres2008/presentations_day2/31_Walters.pdf
Historical DARE : A New Age in Academic Information Provision in the Netherlands
Van der Vaart, Lilian (Date Created: 01 Jul 2003) (Netherlands)
The DARE programme (Digital Academic Repositories), which runs from 2003-2006, was instigated in the Netherlands as a joint programme between all Dutch Universities, the National Library of the Netherlands, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research. The aim of DARE, is to “ enable universities to better fulfil their own role and responsibility in the preservation and accessibility of the academic information produced in their own institute.” This paper describes the processes and developments of the first stage of the programme (up to June 2003).
http://www.surffoundation.nl/SFDocuments/Paper_EUNIS_2003.pdf
This paper was given at the 9th International Conference of European University Information Systems (EUNIS) in Amsterdam, 4 July, 2003
Historical Data Preservation : Great Data But Will It Last?
Spedding, Vanessa (Date Created: 2003) (United Kingdom)
This article is an overview of the major digital preservation initiatives in both Europe and the United States. The article contains a brief description of the problems facing governments, libraries and business in long term preservation. Costs, commercial potential, and investment in archiving products are also discussed.
http://www.researchinformation.info/rispring03data.html
in Resource Information, Issue 5, Spring 2003.
Data Preservation, the New Science and the Practitioner Librarian
Joint, Nicholas (Date Created: Apr 2007)
This paper discusses the challenge of preserving e-Science data as the output of scientific experimentation in contrast to the traditional scientific paper which librarians are more used to dealing with. It considers how the librarian/ information professional skillset could potentially contribute to curating this new form of scientific output (data-intensive research produced by virtual organisations).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00242530710760337
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/00242530710760337
Also available in PDF and in Library Review ISSN: 0024-2535, 2007 Vol: 56 No.: 6 pp: 451 - 455
Dealing with Data : Roles, Rights, Responsibilities and Relationships. Consultancy Report
Lyon, Liz (Date Created: 19 Jun 2007) (United Kingdom)
This report funded by the JISC Digital Repositories Programme explores the roles, rights, responsibilities and relationships of institutions, data centres and stakeholders working with data in the UK. Based on a consultation workshop and interviews with stakeholder representatives, the report makes recommendations of interest to JISC, institutions and research funding organisations in the areas of Co-ordination and strategy, Policy and planning, Practice, Technical Integration and interoperability, Legal and ethical issues, Sustainability, Advocacy, and Training and skills.
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/programmes/digitalrepositories/d
ealing_with_data_report-final.pdf
Historical DEJA: A Year in Review
Baudoin, Patsy; Smith, MacKenzie (Date Created: 30 May 2002) (United States of America)
This article, presented as part of the Andrew W Mellon Foundation Electronic Journal Archiving Program, provides an overview of the work undertaken by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in relation to the design of a Dynamic E-journal Archive (DEJA). Areas addressed in the article include a definition of dynamic electronic journals, the types of content that should be considered for preservation purposes and a description of preservation strategies.
http://www.diglib.org/preserve/mitfinal.pdf
Also available in Archiving Electronic Journals: Research Funded by the Andrew W Mellon Foundation, edited and introduced by Linda Cantara, Indiana University.
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Historical Developing national collections of electronic publications: issues to be considered and recommendations for future collaborative actions
Fullerton, Jan (Last Updated: Aug 1998) (Australia)
This paper was presented by Jan Fullerton, Deputy Director General of the National Library of Australia, to the workshop "Legal Deposit of Electronic Materials", sponsored by the IFLA Section on National Libraries and held in Amsterdam on 20th August 1998. It seeks to identify areas of common interest where national libraries can work together to progress the issues surrounding the management of electronic publications. The paper makes several recommendations emphasising the collaborative role National Libraries need to adopt to manage their electronic publications.
http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/int_issu.html
Paper delivered at the workshop
Historical Digital Archive Developments
Falk, Howard (Date Created: 2003)
This article provides a guide to the development of digital archives in universities, colleges, as well as national and international governmental institutions worldwide. The author provides an overview of academic digital archives in the USA and Europe; the concerns of journal publishing such as the costs of digital repositories and copyright; worldwide national initiatives and projects to preserve digital materials including activities of the British Library, Library of Congress, and the National Archives of Australia; as well as information relating to archiving software.
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/02640470310491603
Available in The Electronic Library, Vol 21, Number 4, pp. 375-379 (ISSN 02640473). Subscription is also available online at http://konstanza.emeraldinsight.com/. Available in HTML or pdf formats.
Digital Archives that Disappear
(Date Created: 22 Apr 2009)
This article and comments in Inside Higher Ed discusses the (temporary?) disappearance of a commercial digitised newspaper archive (Paper of Record) and touches on who has responsibility for long term preservation and provision of access.
http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/04/22/record#Comments
Inside Higher Ed, 22 April 2009
Historical Digital Archiving : What is Involved?
Flecker, Dale (Date Created: Jan 2003) (United States of America)
This article discusses the issues in archiving and preserving electronic journals, especially within a higher education context. The article is based on the results of Harvard University's study in the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation grant on electronic journal archiving.
http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/erm0316.pdf
in, Educause Review, January/February 2003
Historical Digital Division is Cultural Exclusion. But Is Digital Inclusion Cultural Inclusion?
Worcman, Karen In: D-Lib magazine (Date Created: Mar 2002)
This article examines "the extent to which digital technologies and the Internet can be instruments of social and cultural inclusion" and "how the use of these technologies can be linked to the preservation of the history of a particular cultural group." It also notes the impacts of digital technology on history and the collective memory of communities and the challenges in overcoming digital exclusion of economically disadvantaged groups, in the creation and preservation of digital history and of sustainable projects and resources.
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march02/worcman/03worcman.html
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Historical Digital Electronic Archiving : the State of the Art and the State of the Practice
Carroll, B. C.; Hodge, G.; Information International Associates Inc. (Date Created: 26 Apr 1999)
The Executive Summary and Main Report are available at: http://www.icsti.org/99ga/digarch99_ExecP.pdf and http://www.icsti.org/99ga/digarch99_MainP.pdf, respectively. This study was undertaken to provide information on the state of the art and practice in digital electronic archiving policies, models and best practices. The study is international in scope and includes a variety of data types applicable to scientific and technical information including data, text, images, audio, video and multimedia, and a variety of object types such as electronic journals and monographs, satellite imagery, biological sequence data and patents. Several "cutting edge" projects are identified for more detailed analysis.
http://web.archive.org/web/20040715012747/http://www.icsti.org/Dig_Arc
hiving_Report_1999.pdf
Historical Digital Preservation : An Individual Responsibility For Communal Scholarship
Smith, Abby (Date Created: May 2003)
This article provides a brief discussion of the idea that future scholarship depends on current digital diligence by both libraries and scholars. Scholarly works are created in a wide range of digital formats and their availability for future use depends not only on librarians but on the creators of those works themselves. The Humanities are identified as an area where scholars need to develop work practices that will ensure the integrity of a digital project long after the creator has moved on.
http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/erm0338.pdf
in Educause Review, May/June 2003
Historical Digital Preservation : an Introduction to the Standards Issues Surrounding the Deposit of Non-Print Publications
Bide, M., Potter, E. J. , Watkinson, A. (Date Created: Sep 1999) (United Kingdom)
This study aims to focus attention on the issues surrounding legal deposit of electronic publications in the United Kingdom. The report defines electronic publications, how they should be selected for legal deposit and provides an outline of digital preservation strategies. The study provides a good summary of relevant digital preservation issues, focussing on legal deposit.
ISBN: 1873671253
http://www.bic.org.uk/files/pdfs/digpres.pdf
Historical Digital Preservation Activities in the UK: Building the Infrastructure
Jones, Maggie (Date Created: Aug 2003) (United Kingdom)
This article provides an overview of the developments and activities in digital preservation in the United Kingdom – from the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) and British Library-hosted workshop at the University of Warwick in 1995 up until the present day. Included are summaries of the Cedars and CAMiLEON projects, the JISC Continuing Access and Digital Preservation Strategy (2002-2005), the work of the British Library and the National Archives as well as the Digital Preservation Coalition.
http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla69/papers/129e-Jones.pdf
This paper was given at the World Library and Information Congress: 69th IFLA General Conference and Council, 1-9 August, 2003 in Berlin
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Historical Digital Preservation Needs and Requirements in RLG Member Institutions
Hedstrom, Margaret; Montgomery, Sheon (Last Updated: 22 Jan 1999) (United States of America)
This RLG study was commissioned to assess the nature of guidance, education and training, storage and digital preservation services requirements of RLG members. Fifty-four institutions responded to a survey. Findings are presented under the headings: Digital Preservation Responsibilities, Digital Preservation Policies and Practices, Digital Preservation Staffing and Expertise, and Needs and Requirements.
http://www.oclc.org/programs/ourwork/past/digpresneeds/digpres.pdf
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Historical Digital Preservation Strategy
Davis, Simon (Date Created: Nov 2002) (Australia)
This presentation looks at the National Archives of Australia (NAA) Digital Preservation Policy, devised from its Agency to Researcher Digital Preservation Project. As well as touching on digital preservation problems such as obolesence and restriction on the use of proprietary technology, the article explores data formats used by the NAA as a means of providing digital preservation solutions. These include data formats developed by the NAA, such as dataset, emailmessage, webpackage and XML and Java-based tools, as well as dataformats already in existence, such as XHTML, Portable Network Graphics (PNG) and Open Office.
http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/49635/20050510-0000/www.naa.gov.au/recor
dkeeping/rkpubs/fora/02nov/digital_preservation.pdf
Digital Preservation: Illuminating the Past, Guiding the Future
National Archives of Australia (Date Created: Jun 2006) (Australia)
This publication describes the challenges of digital preservation and the approach of the National Archives of Australia to preserving Commonwealth Government electronic records. It briefly introduces the Xena software.
ISBN: 1920807454
http://www.naa.gov.au/Images/XENA_brochure%5B1%5D_tcm2-918.pdf
Available online as PDF.
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Historical Digitizing, Archiving and Preserving Japanese Cultural Heritage
Harada, Hisayoshi In: RLG DigiNews (Date Created: 15 Apr 2003) (Japan)
This article describes the current activities and initiatives at the National Diet Library in creating a National Digital Library Digitization Project. Copyright is discussed, especially in regard to networked digital publications. The National Diet Library also has several projects planned, including WARP (Web Archiving Project) and DNAVI (the NDL Database Navigation Service). The National Diet Library has also begun research and study for long term preservation of digital information to make the public aware of its importance. A three year project began in 2002 to set up comprehensive guidelines and policies for long term preservation strategies.
http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/08/08/0000070519/viewer/file1
230.html#feature1
Historical Disposable Scholarship?
Miller, Frederick (Date Created: Jan 2004)
This article provides a brief commentary on the issues of long-term preservation of digital information within the higher education sector. With such institutions producing a growing amount of digital media and information, the author stresses the importance of developing strategies to ensure long-terms access of digital scholarship for future generations. Also discussed is the role of higher education institutions in developing digital preservation strategies.
http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/eqm0411.pdf
Available in EDUCAUSE Quarterly, Volume 27, No 1, 2004, pp. 8-9, ISSN 1528-5324.
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Historical DPC Forum with Industry: Future R & D for Digital Asset Preservation
Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC) (Date Created: Jun 2002) (United Kingdom)
This web page provides links to a summary meeting report and presentations by speakers from both the public and private sectors, as presented at the Digital Preservation Coalition forum with industry, held at Prospect House, London on 5th June, 2002. Topics covered long-term trends and research and development issues for preservation and access to digital material in both government and industry.
http://www.dpconline.org/graphics/events/rdfuture.html
Draft DCC Approach to Digital Curation
Digital Curation Centre (Date Created: 27 Aug 2004) (United Kingdom)
This extensive document is a draft and is being continually updated. It features a detailed definition and discussion of the concept of digital curation, particularly as it is applied by the Digital Curation Centre (DCC). Also discussed is the OAIS Reference Model as the basis of Centre's digital curation approach. The document also identifies key services that the DCC can research, develop and supply to facilitate digital curation, including the creation of a Registry/Repository of Representation Information, including information about formats, software and standards.
http://www.dcc.ac.uk/docs/phase-1/DCCApproachtoDigitalCuration-2004082
7.pdf
Dreaming Data : The Library's Role in Supporting eResearch and Data Management
Henty, Margaret (Date Created: Sep 2008) (Australia)
This paper given at the Dreaming08, ALIA Biennial Conference, 2-5 September 2008 at Alice Springs, examines the capabilities and skills required within research institutions to manage, use and re-use data as shown by the Skills for eResearch Project undertaken by APSR in 2007.
http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/13910/20080930-1156/conferences.alia.org
.au/alia2008/pdfs/213.TT.pdf
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Historical E-Government and Digital Preservation
Dumortier, Jos (Date Created: May 2003)
This paper was presented at the Workshop on E-Government: Legal, Technical and Pedagogical Aspects at Albarracín (Spain), 8-10th May 2003. The paper discusses digital signatures within the context of digital archiving. Digital signatures are used to authenticate the originator and the integrity of information. The article discusses the long term validation of digital signatures and the implications of this for emulation and migration preservation strategies.
http://www.unizar.es/derecho/fyd/lefis/documentos/Albareccin_JosDumort
ier.pdf
Historical E-Journals - What Do You Get For Your Money?
Jones, Maggie (Date Created: Feb 2003) (United Kingdom)
This article focuses on the role of the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC), UK, in relation to the issues and challenges of the long-term preservation and continued access of licensed e-journals. JISC has acknowledged the challenges that have emerged with licensed e-journals, particularly with regard to the differing roles and responsibilities of both libraries and publishers. To that end, the Committee has developed a JISC/Publishers Association (PA) Model Licence that seeks to explore such areas as continued online access and different archival options. Between September and November 2002, a JISC consultancy conducted a survey of libraries and publishers as a means of addressing this need for a more definitive role between libraries and publishers, as well as assessing options for a central archiving facility.
http://uksg.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0953-0460
&volume=16&issue=1&spage=27
Available online at uksg.metapress.com and in Serials for the International Serials Community, ISSN 0953-0460, Vol. 16, No. 1, March 2003, pp. 27-31
Historical E-print Services and Long-term Access to the Record of Scholarly and Scientific Research
Day, Michael In: Ariadne (Date Created: 22 Jun 2001)
This article considers some of the long-term preservation issues for e-print services (or archives), a potential application of the Open Archives Initiative (OAI). Some of the major implications such as responsibility for preservation, and authenticity are discussed.
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue28/metadata/
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Historical E-Science Curation Report : Data Curation for E-Science in the UK : an Audit to Establish Requirements for Future Curation and Provision
Lord, Philip; Macdonald, Alison (Date Created: 2003) (United Kingdom)
This report, prepared for the JISC Committee for the Support of Research (JCSR), endeavours to establish the current provision and future requirements for curation of digital primary research data generated within e-science in the UK. The report consists of strategic and policy level recommendations. Questionnaires and interviews were used to ascertain current provisions for data curation, in areas including such as repositories, libraries, funding, costs, preservation, and standards.
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/e-ScienceReportFinal.pdf
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Electronic Publications and the Survival of Information
Jones, Maggie; Webb, Colin (Last Updated: 20 Oct 1998)
This paper discusses organisational issues surrounding the management and preservation of electronic publications, surveying current projects and focusing on activities within the National Library of Australia.
http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/mjcwvala.html
Historical Elephants and Dung Trucks
Poynder, Richard (Date Created: Sep 2003)
This article looks at the issues and challenges facing libraries in relation to digital preservation. It looks at a number of different international initiatives and projects developed as a means of finding long-term solutions for preserving digital material, most notably the digital preservation activities of the National Library of the Netherlands (Koninklijke Bibliotheek).
http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/parade/df04/elephants_and_dung.htm
Also available Information Today, Sep 2003, Vol 20, Issue 8, p 33, ISSN 8755-6286 and by subscription online at www.ebscohost.com/
Historical ERA: An Archives of the Future for the Future
Carlin, John W. (Date Created: Mar 2004) (United States of America)
Written by the Archivist of the United States, this article provides an overview of the challenges facing the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in dealing with the preservation of federal government electronic records. The article describes the NARA’s attempts in dealing with such challenges, by outlining developments of the Electronic Records Archive (ERA). Included in the article are descriptions of stakeholders, the main functions and bids for design of the ERA, as well as other projects and initiatives the NARA is undertaking in relation to electronic recordkeeping.
http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2004/spring/archivist.ht
ml
Available in Prologue, a quarterly publication of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Spring 2004, Vol. 36, No. 1
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Historical Evolution of an Institutional E-prints Archive at the University of Glasgow
Nixon, William J In: Ariadne (Date Created: 8 Jul 2002) (United Kingdom)
This article describes the progress of the e-print archive at the University of Glasgow, including the aims of the archive, decisions about implementation, metadata and presentation. The article also notes the role of the library in encouraging submissions, providing advice on copyright, and arranging deposit, conversion of formats and review of metadata quality.
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue32/eprint-archives/
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Historical Experiment in Using Emulation to Preserve Digital Publications
Rothenberg, Jeff (Date Created: Apr 2000) (Netherlands)
This report presents the results of a preliminary investigation by the National Library of the Netherlands into the feasibility of using emulation as a means of preserving digital publications in accessible, authentic, and usable form within a deposit library.
http://nedlib.kb.nl/results/emulationpreservationreport.pdf
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Historical Implementing an Open Jurisdictional Digital Repository - the STORS Project
Lavelle, Jan; Sokvitne, Lloyd In: D-Lib magazine (Date Created: Jun 2004) (Australia)
Operating within the legal deposit provisions of Tasmania, this article describes the State Library of Tasmania’s (Australia) development and implementation of an open jurisdictional digital repository for published electronic materials - the Stable Tasmanian Open Repository Service (STORS). Included in the paper is an overview of the publisher self-contribution model; a description of the content and format scope of STORS; explanations on metadata structure, risk management issues and software developments; as well as future considerations for STORS, including additional preservation data.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1045/june2004-sokvitne
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june04/sokvitne/06sokvitne.html
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Historical Institutional Repositories in the Context of Digital Preservation
Wheatley, Paul (Date Created: Mar 2004)
This report focuses on the crucial digital preservation issues for institutional repositories, with view on implications on the design and development of repository software. The repository software of various institutions are compared and analysed as well as their different objectives regarding long-term preservation of data and/or collection policy. In addition, the requirements for effective preservation are outlined, including the preservation functions essential in a repository such as persistent identification, object characterisation, and support of object rendering. The report concludes with recommendations that specific requirements for digital repositories should be developed and that independent certification services ought to be established to evaluate how repositories meet these requirements.
http://www.dpconline.org/docs/DPCTWf4word.pdf
DPC Technology Watch Series Report, 04-02
Historical Institutional Repositories: Essential Infrastructure For Scholarship In The Digital Age
Lynch, Clifford A. (Date Created: Feb 2003) (United States of America)
In this article, the author addresses the strategic role of institutional repositories in universities as a means for advancing scholarship and preservation of scholarly works. Citing the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s (MIT) development of the DSpace institutional repository system as a model for universities for the future, the author also seeks to define institutional repositories; looks at their strategic importance for scholarship and higher education; addresses their relationship with networked information standards and infrastructure such as persistent identifiers, preservable file formats and rights documentation; and provides his views for future developments in this field.
http://www.arl.org/resources/pubs/br/br226/
In ARL Bimonthly Report, no. 226, February 2003, pp. 1-10
Historical Invest to Save: Report and Recommendations of the NSF-DELOS Working Group on Digital Archiving and Preservation
Hedstrom, Margaret; Ross, Seamus (Date Created: 2003)
This report identifies research challenges, development opportunities and solutions for problems associated with the preservation of digital information. Consisting of six main areas, the report presents digital preservation challenges; looks at the benefits of long-term preservation; summarises a set of principles and assumptions to guide the research agenda; highlights the work to date within this field; discusses a research agenda, including emerging research; and addresses the need for additional areas of support.
http://eprints.erpanet.org/archive/00000048/01/Digitalarchiving.pdf
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Historical It's About Time : Research Challenges in Digital Archiving and Long-term Preservation : Report on the NSF Workshop on Research Challenges in Digital Archiving: Towards a National Infrastructure for Long-Term Preservation of Digital Information : Workshop Report -- Draft 2.0 (Pre-Publication Draft)
NSF Workshop on Research Challenges in Digital Archiving Organizing Committee (Date Created: 12 Aug 2002) (United States of America)
This report identifies the new research opportunities and challenges in the long term preservation of digital information. Within the Computing and IT sector, technological issues such as storage capabilities, metadata and interoperability are discussed as new areas for research. Non technological areas requiring attention include funding inadequacies, economic and business models for sustainable preservation programs, policies and incentives for long term preservation and social, economic and legal impediments to preservation.
http://www.si.umich.edu/digarch/Report.DFt.2.doc
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Historical Keeping Online Information Accessible for E-Governance and E-Democracy
Cunningham, Adrian; Phillips, Margaret E. (Date Created: Feb 2004) (Australia)
This article focuses on the need for government agencies and other institutions to ensure that electronic publications and organisational records are collected, managed and preserved as a means of ensuring long-term access for the benefit of e-governance and e-democracy. The article provides definitions of online publications and online records; explores the role of libraries and archives in e-government, including initiatives undertaken at the National Library of Australia and National Archives of Australia; addresses factors that contribute to the vulnerability of online information; and concludes with a list of factors that inhibit the long-term availability of online information for e-governance and e-democracy.
http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/2004/phillips1.html
This paper was prepared for the Australian Electronic Governance Conference. Centre for Public Policy, University of Melbourne, Victoria, April 14-15, 2004.
Key Messages for Government and Industry : Outcomes of the Thematic Debate on "Information Preservation"
UNESCO Information For All Programme (Date Created: 03 Apr 2007) (France)
This document is the outcome of the Thematic Debate on "Information Preservation" held at the French National Library on 3 April 2007 through which the UNESCO Information For All Programme (IFAP) declared the roles of Governments and manufacturers of digital media carriers towards preservation of information. The proceedings with video and some speeches are available.
http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/24447/11776910681Key_Messages_for
_Governments_and_Industry.pdf/Key%2BMessages%2Bfor%2BGovernments%2Band
%2BIndustry.pdf
Historical Levels of Service for Digital Repositories
LeFurgy, William G In: D-Lib magazine (Date Created: May 2002)
In this article, William LeFurgy of the US National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) outlines conditions governing persistence of digital objects, such as system architecture and material specification, and suggests a model for future levels of service for digital repositories, considering three levels of tools and processes and three levels of persistence of materials.
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may02/lefurgy/05lefurgy.html
Historical Long-term archiving of digital documents : what efforts are being made in Germany?
Connertz, Thomas (Date Created: Jul 2003) (Germany)
This article provides an overview on the state of digital archiving and legal deposit in Germany. As this article is written from the perspective of a publisher, Thieme Publishing, it offers a different view on the technical, legal and practical difficulties in extending these existing arrangements to digital materials.
http://ninetta.ingentaselect.com/vl=3224230/cl=15/nw=1/rpsv/cgi-bin/li
nker?ini=alpsp&reqidx=/cw/alpsp/09531513/v16n3/s9/p207
in Learned Publishing, Vol. 16, no. 3 (July 2003). pp. 207-211.
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Historical Long-Term Management and Preservation of Publications on CD-ROMs and Floppy Disks : Roles and Responsibilities
Jones, Maggie In: First National Consultative Meeting on the Management of Australian Physical-Format Digital Publications (Date Created: Oct 1997) (Australia)
This paper, delivered at the National Consultative Meeting on the Management of Australian Physical-Format Digital Publications at the National Library of Australia in October 1997, discusses the results of a survey which was sent to libraries and publishers regarding the long-term management and preservation of publications on CD-ROMs and floppy disks. Results suggested that partnerships between libraries and some publishers were a possibility. All of the libraries surveyed favoured a cooperative approach to preservation based on a geographic approach to the allocation of responsibilities.
http://www.nla.gov.au/niac/meetings/roles.html
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Historical Long-Term Management Issues in the Preservation of Electronic Information
Exon, Maggie (Date Created: Nov 1995)
Defining "long term" to be "at least several centuries", Exon discusses the issues of selection for preservation and usage, and the allocation of responsibilities for preserving digital information.
http://www.nla.gov.au/niac/meetings/npo95me.html
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Historical Minimum Criteria for an Archival Repository of Digital Scholarly Journals (version 1.2, May 2000)
Digital Library Federation (Last Updated: 26 Jun 2001)
This document sets out 7 minimum criteria for a digital archival repository that acts to preserve digital scholarly publications. Closely based on the Open Archival Information System Reference Model, with modification to reflect the needs of libraries, publishers and academics, it includes key research issues associated with data deposit, preservation and access.
http://www.diglib.org/preserve/criteria.htm
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Historical Moving Frontier : Archiving, Preservation and Tomorrow's Digital Heritage
Berthon, Hilary; Webb, Colin (Date Created: Feb 2000) (Australia)
This paper reviews international progress in digital archiving and preservation over the past one to two years. There have been developments in international collaboration, many archiving models are being tested, active work on a range of facilitating issues, and an ongoing debate over the most appropriate preservation strategies. A growing trend noted is the ongoing commitment of sharing information, for example, the redevelopment of the PADI website.
http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/hberthon2.html
PDFalso available from http://www.vala.org.au/vala2000/2000pdf/Ber_Web.PDF
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Historical National Archives Green Paper : An Approach to the Preservation of Digital Records
Davis, Simon; Heslop, Helen; Wilson, Andrew (Date Created: Dec 2002) (Australia)
This paper discusses the National Archives approach to digital preservation, specifically in relation to the Agency to Researcher Digital Preservation Project. Areas covered include the fundamental nature of digital records, problems of digital preservation, approaches to preservation such as migration and emulation and XML as an archival data format.
http://www.naa.gov.au/Images/An-approach-Green-Paper_tcm2-888.pdf
Available as PDF from this URL
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Historical National Co-ordinating Body for Digital Archiving?
Haynes, David; Streatfield, David In: Ariadne (Date Created: May 1998) (United Kingdom)
This article is based on the recommendations of the 1997 'Responsibility for Long Term Preservation and Access to Digital Documents' report to the Digital Archiving Group. The study sought to identify responsibility for the long-term preservation of digital information within the United Kingdom, based on consultation with various groups in the electronic information sector. The need for a coherent and coordinated national strategy for ensuring long-term access to digital materials features amongst the recommendations.
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue15/digital/
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Historical National Library of Australia: Ensuring Long-Term Access to Online Publications
Phillips, Margaret In: JEP - The Journal of Electronic Publishing (Date Created: Jun 1999) (Australia)
This article gives an overview of archiving networked digital material in the PANDORA project and covers topics such as collection, selection, metadata, access, costs, permanent naming, technological obsolescence and preservation.
http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.3336451.0004.405
Historical National Library of New Zealand - Digital Library Development Review
Ross, Seamus (Date Created: 01 Jul 2003) (New Zealand)
The National Library of New Zealand Act 2003 requires the Library to “collect, preserve and make available New Zealand’s electronic documents”. This report, produced in response to the Act, seeks to identify and recommend areas of digital library development, so that the Library can satisfactorily fulfil its statutory responsibilities. Included in the report are areas addressing the need for the establishment of a digital repository for the long-term preservation of materials, and recommendations for the Library to use its role in supporting other libraries in the areas of digital preservation.
http://www.natlib.govt.nz/files/ross_report.pdf
Historical National Science Foundation Digital Government Research Program' s Role in the Long-term Preservation of Digital Materials
Larry Brandt; Sue Stendebach; Valerie Gregg In: RLG DigiNews (Last Updated: 15 Oct 2002) (United States of America)
A paper stating the current progress, ongoing development and future directions of the United States National Science Foundation’s (NSF) Digital Government Research Program. The program is working collaboratively with a number of government agencies to establish a research program that could ensure the long-term preservation of digital materials. The recommendations of a workshop in April 2002 suggesting specific research needs are also discussed.
http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/08/08/0000070513/viewer/file2
089.html#feature2
Need for Formalized Trust in Digital Repository Collaborative Infrastructure
Berman, Fran; Kozbial, Ardys; McDonald, Robert H.; Schottlaender, Brian E.C. (Date Created: 16 Apr 2007) (United States of America)
This paper given at the NSF/JISC Repositories Workshop (April 17-19 2007 Phoenix Arizona) discusses building trust in collaborative infrastructures using the Chronopolis Pilot Project as a case study.
http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~repwkshop/papers/berman_schottlaender.pdf
Also available as HTML NSF/JISC Repositories Workshop http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~repwkshop/papers/berman_schottlaender.html
Historical New Legal Deposit Laws Include Digital Data
Harris, Sian (Date Created: May 2004) (United Kingdom)
This article comments on changes in legal deposit legislation in the UK, with the introduction of the Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2003. This Act requires publishers to deposit digital information (such as offline electronic materials and websites) with one of the six national libraries in the UK and Ireland. The article provides a background to the new legislation, processes being undertaken to ensure that such legislation becomes a reality and a description of how other European countries are dealing with the preservation of electronic materials.
http://www.researchinformation.info/rimayjun04legaldeposit.html
Available in Research Information, May/June 2004, Issue 11
Historical New Model Scholarship : How will it survive?
Smith, Abby (Date Created: Mar 2003)
This CLIR report (55 p.) discusses the issues in preserving digital scholarly resources. 'New model scholarship' is defined as those resources that are born digital, such as web sites, that will be of use to future researchers. The report looks at organisational approaches to preserving digital content and includes, as appendices, a review of organisational models for digital archiving and a survey of current research, practices and understanding of digital preservation in the United States.
ISBN: 1887334998
http://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub114abst.html
Available online as full text or PDF, or for purchase in print
Historical New York Public Library Archiving Performing Arts Electronic Resources: A Planning Project - Report to the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Mellon Electronic Journal Archiving Program
New York Public Library (Date Created: 31 Jul 2002) (United Kingdom)
Based on a project undertaken by the New York Public Library as part of the Mellon Electronic Journal Archiving Program, this article describes the avenues taken by the Library in investigating the establishment of a repository for archived electronic resources in the performing arts. It highlights the two main areas of the project’s investigation – content development and an overview of the implementation of a new electronic archive based on the OAIS model.
http://www.diglib.org/preserve/nyplfinal.pdf
Also available in Archiving Electronic Journals: Research Funded by the Andrew W Mellon Foundation, edited and introduced by Linda Cantara, Indiana University
Historical Opportunities For Research Libraries In The NSF Cyberinfrastructure Program
Messerschmitt, David G. (Date Created: Aug 2003) (United States of America)
This article explores the Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Program (ACP) that has been developed by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Blue-Ribbon Advisory Panel in the United States. As well as providing an overview of the area of digital science, the author looks at the core elements of the ACP, which includes shared IT resources and services for the digital science community, shared disciplinary data/software repositories, as well as the long-term preservation of data.
http://www.arl.org/resources/pubs/br/br229/
In ARL Bimonthly Report, no 229, August 2003, pp.1-7
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Historical PANDORA, Australia's Web Archive, And The Digital Archiving System That Supports It
Phillips, Margaret E In: DigiCULT.Info Newsletter (Date Created: Dec 2003) (Australia)
This article looks at Australia’s Web Archive, PANDORA – led by the National Library of Australia in co-operation with eight other partners - and its supporting digital archiving system, PANDAS. The article not only explores the role of national libraries in relation to web harvesting and describes their different approaches, but provides an overview of the selection criteria used for PANDORA, the processes of digital archiving and the main functions of the PANDAS software. Future directions of PANDAS as well as digital archiving initiatives, such as the “Deep Web”, are also discussed.
http://www.digicult.info/downloads/dc_info_issue6_december_20031.pdf
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PDF/A: Developing a File Format for Long-Term Preservation
LeFurgy, William G In: RLG DigiNews (Date Created: 15 Dec 2003) (United States of America)
This article looks at current developments in the USA into the long-term preservation of text-based digital documents. A working group has prepared a draft preservation standard for Adobe�s Portable Format Document (PDF). Known as PDF/A, the standard �intends to specify the use of PDF in a manner that is specifically geared to long-term management and use. PDF/A would be ideally suited for documents whose content and appearance must remain stable over long periods of time�.
http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/08/08/0000070511/viewer/file1
491.html#feature1
Historical Perils of Digital Preservation
Ford, Piers (Date Created: 10 Jan 2003)
In this news article the author uses the example of the BBC's Domesday Project to illustrate the costs, software and hardware issues and rights management problems of a digital preservation project. He suggests that it is problematic and inefficient to preserve retrospectively and that digital preservation planning and strategies should be incorporated into the overall management of the data from its creation onwards.
http://www.vnunet.com/features/1137956
Historical Permanent Archiving Of Electronic Publications
Steenbakkers, Johan F. (Date Created: Mar 2003) (Netherlands)
This article looks at the Koninklijke Bibliotheck (KB) - the National Library of the Netherlands’- approach to the development and implementation of a permanent archive for electronic publications. As well as highlighting the history of the Library’s deposit policies, the article explores the Library’s development of an electronic archive system with IBM Global Services, in accordance with the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) archival standard. The article further explores the KB’s relationship with Elsevier Science (ES), a major science publisher. ES have signed an archiving agreement with the KB, agreeing to deposit all electronic publications for permanent archiving. The implications of such an agreement have also been addressed.
http://serials.uksg.org/link.asp?id=xah3bele72plt86r
In Serials for the International Serials Community, ISSN 0953-0460, Vol. 16, No. 1 March, 2003.
Historical Political Communications in Web Archiving : a Proposal to the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation from the Centre for Research Libraries
Reilly, Bernard F. (Date Created: 26 Jul 2002) (United States of America)
This proposal describes the Center for Research Libraries (CRL) project to develop effective methodologies for the systemic, sustainable preservation of web based political communications. The project covers three main areas of political Web communications archiving- curatorship, technology and long-term resource management. The project has a fifteen month time-frame. Web based political communications has been identified as lacking preservation strategies. Yet this area provides an important source of information about political trends, attitudes and activities.
http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/research/WebPolCom.pdf
Historical Presentations and Further Proceedings from the Workshop on Digital Preservation in Copenhagen, December 11, 2002
Danish Ministry of Culture (Date Created: 11 Dec 2002) (Denmark)
Presentations and conclusions from the Workshop on Digital Preservation, held at the Royal Library, Copenhagen on 11th December 2002. Conclusions from the meeting include the importance of the issue and need for research into digital preservation, the need for coordination of effort on an international level, development of national policies on digital preservation, partnership between cultural institutions and industry, and the need to address cost and intellectual property rights issues.
http://web.archive.org/web/20030119224426/http://www.kum.dk/sw5312.asp
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Historical Preservation Metadata and Digital Continuity
Knight, Steve In: DigiCULT.Info Newsletter (Date Created: Feb 2003) (New Zealand)
This article describes the National Library of New Zealand's digital preservation programme generally as well as describing the development of a preservation metadata schema as a means to ensure that digital resources are accessible in the long term. The schema, still under development, involves the preservation metadata applying to a 'logical object' which is then used as the preservation master. The author also discusses future issues that need to be addressed in order for the Library to be acknowledged as a 'trusted repository for New Zealand's digital heritage.
http://data.digicult.info/download/digicult_info3_low.pdf
Preservation of Digital Objects
Galloway, Patricia (Date Created: 2004)
This article provides an overview of issues and international projects that have been undertaken in the area of digital preservation. It looks at practical examples of ongoing digital preservation; the roles of library, archives and museums in the preservation of digital objects; a summary of research on the preservation of digital objects since the year 2000; different record keeping standards; genre-specific preservation problems (such as web pages, databases); repository standards, preservation methods (such as emulation, migration and serial conversion); preservation metadata standards, as well as future directions for digital preservation.
In: Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST), Vol 38, 2004 pp. 549-590 (Chapter 11), ISSN 0066-4200, ISBN 1-57387-185-0 http://www.asis.org/Publications/ARIST/
Preservation of Electronic Scholarly Publishing : an Analysis of Three Approaches
Honey, Sadie L. (Date Created: Jan 2005)
This paper analyses three approaches to the preservation and archiving of scholarly publishing - the caching approach, the moving wall approach and the dark archive approach. The strengths and weakness of each approach is analysed by a set of criteria including shared costs, incentives, economic sustainability and technological integrity.
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/portal_libraries_and_the_academy/v005/5.1
honey.html
Portal : Libraries and the Academy, Vol. 5, no. 1(January 2005), E-ISSN1530-7131. Article also available in PDF.
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Historical Preservation of Scientific Serials : Three Current Examples
Arms, William Y. In: JEP - The Journal of Electronic Publishing (Date Created: Dec 1999)
This paper examines three journals in digital form: the ACM Digital Library, the Internet RFC series, and D-Lib Magazine and discusses the measures which can be taken today to preserve access to the information contained within these journals. The solutions proposed are "partly technical and partly organizational". The author proposes three levels of preservation: preserving the "look-and-feel" of the document; preservation of access, which entails maintaining both the underlying material and an effective system of access; and preservation of content. The role of publishers in archiving is discussed.
http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.3336451.0005.202
Journal of Electronic Publishing, Volume 5, Issue 2
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Historical Preservation Risk Management for Web Resources: Virtual Remote Control in Cornell's Project Prism
Botticelli, Peter; Entlich, Richard; Kenney, Anne R; Lagoze, Carl; McGovern, Nancy Y; Payette, Sandra In: D-Lib magazine (Last Updated: 21 Jan 2002) (United States of America)
This article provides an overview of Project Prism at Cornell University, through which a non-custodial, distributed model for archiving is being explored. Among its aims is to use automated strategies to monitor and validate resource integrity, in a risk-based preservation management program.
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/kenney/01kenney.html
D-Lib Magazine , Vol. 8, No. 1
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Historical Preserving Digital Information : Final Report and Recommendations
Garrett, John (co-chair); Task Force on Archiving of Digital Information; Waters, Donald (chair) (Date Created: 20 May 1996)
This report arose from a decision at the end of 1994 by the Commission on Preservation and Access (CPA) and the Research Libraries Group (RLG) to create a Task Force charged with investigating and recommending means to ensure "continued access indefinitely into the future of records stored in digital electronic form." This was a watershed exercise which generated thoughtful discussion on this topic worldwide.
http://www.oclc.org/programs/ourwork/past/digpresstudy/final-report.pd
f
Historical Preserving Oral History Recordings
Bradley, Kevin; Webb, Colin In: Ariadne (Date Created: Mar 1997) (Australia)
This paper discusses the practical realities, and implications, of introducing digital technology into the sound preservation functions of the National Library of Australia.
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue8/oral-history/
Preserving Our Digital Heritage : Plan for the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program : a Collaborate Initiative of the Library of Congress
Library of Congress (Date Created: Oct 2002) (United States of America)
The Plan for the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program is designed to enable the Library of Congress to develop a national infrastructure for the collection and long term preservation of digital content. The plan involves the establishment of strategies and protocols for the preservation of digital material. The plan includes a description of the current world preservation efforts. It also discusses business models, selection criteria and intellectual property. Additional information is available in the Appendices.
http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/library/resources/pubs/docs/ndiipp_
plan.pdf
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Historical Preserving Scholarly E-Journals
Flecker, Dale In: D-Lib magazine (Date Created: Sep 2001) (United States of America)
In this article, Dale Flecker, of the Harvard University Library, provides an overview of questions raised by the Mellon Foundation / CLIR initiative for the long-term preservation of scholarly electronic journals. Such questions include those of relationships between publishers, archives and subscribers, access conditions, content, long-term preservation formats and funding.
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september01/flecker/09flecker.html
Historical Preserving Software: Why and How
Zabolitzky, John G (Date Created: 13 Sep 2002)
In this article the author highlights the importance of preserving both hardware and software developments so that future generations have a greater knowledge and understanding of computer history. As well as providing an overview of why it is necessary to preserve software and how such preservation can be achieved, the author stresses that the preservation of source code format software should be an immediate goal of organizations and suggests ways for this to be achieved such as the creation of a list of national heritage software.
http://www.cbi.umn.edu/iterations/zabolitzky.html
Available in Iterations: An Interdesciplinary Journal of Software History., 1, 13 September 2002, pp. 1-8, ISSN 1541-843X. Also available in PDF version
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Preserving the Outputs of Research
Cathro, Warwick (Date Created: Nov 2004)
This paper was presented at the Archiving Web Resources conference in Canberra, Australia, November 9-11 2004. The paper discusses the issues and challenges of preserving both the primary outputs, such as datasets, and secondary outputs, such as journal articles, of research. The paper also focuses on the various responses to these issues by institutional repositories and national level programs. The author also argues for more collaboration between stakeholders as well as a role for national libraries in developing an infrastructure for the preservation of these outputs.
http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/2004/cathro1.html
Historical Preserving Tomorrow's Memory: Preserving Digital Content For Future Generations
Smith, Bernard (Date Created: May 2003)
This article was originally presented at a seminar on digital preservation of the record of science organised by the International Council for Scientific and Technical Information on 14-15th February 2002. This article is based on issues identified in recent reports, publications and other documents relating to the long-term preservation of “born digital” materials. The author provides an overview of the challenges and problems of digital preservation facing cultural institutions; looks at policy and strategy considerations; and considers possible areas of recommendations and future actions - such as policy development, costs, networking, technical and research issues.
http://archive.ifla.org/VI/4/news/ipnn29.pdf
In International Preservation News, No. 29, May 2003, pp. 4-9
Historical Public Draft : Extracts from a Survey of Information Technology Vendors
Lord, Philip (Date Created: 28 Oct 2002) (United Kingdom)
This survey of information technology vendors, prepared for the Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC), was conducted between July and October 2002. A cross-section of 35 large, medium and small companies was approached with an e-mailed questionnaire. The respondents covered a variety of industry vendors of both hardware and software on digital retention and preservation. The survey's primary objective was to establish with industry the extent of awareness and perception of its need to become more aware of and engaged with issues of digital longevity; and their views on how the DPC can interact with industry, improve awareness and foster partnerships.
http://www.dpconline.org/graphics/reports/isreportp3.html
Historical Publishing in the Knowledge Economy: Competitiveness Analysis of the UK Publishing Media Sector
Pira International (Date Created: 2002) (United Kingdom)
This report (141 p.) is an e-commerce impact assessment of the UK publishing media commissioned by the UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and co-managed by the DTI and UK Publishing Media (UKPM). Chapter 17 (pp 111-118) concerns digital media and recommends that the archiving of digital research should be organised at national level by the government. The whole report, individual chapters, or an executive summary were available for download in PDF.
http://www.publishingmedia.org.uk/download/02dti_competitive_analysis.
pdf
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Historical Report of the Digital Preservation Policy Working Group on Establishing a Central Depository for Preserving Digital Image Collections, Part 1: Responsibilities of Transferee
Kenney , Anne R. ; Rieger, Oya Y. (Date Created: Mar 2001) (United States of America)
The Digital Preservation Policy Working Group of Cornell University Library's plan for establishing a central depository as part of a digital preservation solution for Cornell's digital image collections is based on two recommendations: the formation of such a centralised depository for ensuring continuing access to the collections, and collaboration with transferees to provide both access and security to deposited files. This report, in PDF format, represents the first part of that plan and defines requirements for transfer of materials to the central depository and indicates the depository's possible roles and responsibilities.
http://www.library.cornell.edu/imls/image%20deposit%20guidelines.pdf
Historical Report of the Workshop on Opportunities for Research on the Creation, Management, Preservation and Use of Digital Content
Barnett, Bill; Bishoff, Liz; Borgman, Christine; Caplan, Priscilla; Hamma, Ken; Lynch, Clifford (Date Created: Sep 2003) (United States of America)
Based on a workshop titled “Opportunities for Research on the Creation, Management, Preservation and Use of Digital Content” held in Washington DC on 16-18 March 2003, this report “summarises the results of the workshop and presents suggestions for useful areas of research”. Suggested research areas on the preservation of digital content include models for digital repositories, the need for cooperative repositories, economic models for preservation and risk analysis. The report also includes a handout on the “Preservation Breakout Session” workshop.
http://www.imls.gov/pdf/digitalopp.pdf
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Historical Report On Current Practices Among Publishers Regarding The Deposit of Digital Publications
Oskamp, Liesbeth (Date Created: 16 Jul 2003) (Netherlands)
This report provides the results of a publishers’ questionnaire conducted as part of Workpackage One (WP1), The European Libraries (TEL) project. The aim of WP1 is to develop better working relations between European National Libraries and publishers in relation to the deposit of digital publications. The report, based on the responses of 39 European publishers, covers areas such as deposit practices, access, metadata, pricing and comments on the advantages and disadvantages of the depositing digital publications.
http://web.archive.org/web/20040716183836/http://www.europeanlibrary.o
rg/pdf/tel_d1.2v1.0.pdf
European Library Report, IST-2000-25347. Archived by the Internet Archive
Historical Research Agendas Set Course for Digital Archiving and Long-Term Preservation
Hedstrom, Margaret In: RLG DigiNews (Date Created: 15 Dec 2003)
This article provides overviews of two recent reports - "It's About Time" and " Invest To Save". Both reports centre on the increasing role that digital information plays in most sectors of society and have identified research agendas for digital preservation researchers in the area of long-term digital preservation.
http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/08/08/0000070511/viewer/file1
491.html#feature2
Historical Research Questions for the Digital Era Library
Marcum, Deanna B. (Date Created: 2003)
The author of this article maintains that the library's role in the use of digital information, particularly in regard to access to high quality digital research materials, needs to be reassessed. This article identifies three areas where research is required to meet future needs. One of the three areas is an analysis of what elements are required for a comprehensive preservation strategy. The author details why a preservation strategy is important for libraries and also reports on previous and current suggestions for research in digital preservation related areas.
in Library Trends, Vol. 51, Issue 4, Spring 2003, pp636-651
Historical Response to "Preserving Software: Why and How"
Kaplan, Elisabeth (Date Created: 13 Sep 2002) (United States of America)
This article briefly explores the measures that have been undertaken in the USA to ensure that software is preserved, including the activities of institutions in the 1980s and 1990s. The article also stresses stresses the lack of national software archives. Instead, many institutions in the USA - such as the Smithsonian and Stanford University - have started to collect, not the software itself, but the documentation of the software development such as personal papers, oral histories and audiovisual materials, as it was considered a more economically viable option.
http://www.cbi.umn.edu/iterations/kaplan.html
Available in Iterations: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Software History, 1, 13 September, 2002, pp. 1-3, ISSN 1541-843X. Also available in PDF version.
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Historical Right to Preserve: The Rights Issues of Digital Preservation
Ayre, Catherine; Muir, Adrienne In: D-Lib magazine (Date Created: Mar 2004) (United Kingdom)
This article provides an overview of the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation (CLDP) project, undertaken between September 2002 and March 2004 and funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Board (UK). Based on questionnaire surveys, face-to-face interviews and a seminar, the project’s aim was to examine whether copyright legislation and licensed access to digital content affects the roles of libraries in providing long-term access. Areas outlined in the article include rights implications of digital preservation methods; provision for preservation copying in existing laws and licences; solutions to the rights issues, incorporating areas such as digital preservation responsibility and legal deposit; and rights issues specific to licensed digital content.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1045/march2004-ayre
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march04/ayre/03ayre.html
Historical Role of ERPANET in Supporting Digital Curation and Preservation in Europe
Ross, Seamus In: D-Lib magazine (Date Created: Jul 2004)
This article describes ERPANET's (Electronic Resource Preservation and Access Network) activities in Europe. The services, resources and tools available on the ERPANET Web site are described in detail. ERPANET's collaborative activities are also discussed.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1045/july2004-ross
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july04/ross/07ross.html
Historical Role of National Initiatives in Digital Preservation
Hedstrom, Margaret In: RLG DigiNews (Date Created: 15 Oct 1998)
This paper by Margaret Hedstrom, which was first presented at the Joint RLG and NPO Preservation Conference on Guidelines for Digital Imaging, assesses the role of national research initiatives in the search for global digital preservation solutions. By contrasting the approaches taken in United Kingdom, Sweden and Australia, Hedstrom concludes that national programs have a useful role to play in coordinating local solutions, the sharing of resources and outcomes, and for producing results which can be implemented on a manageable scale.
http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/08/08/0000070511/viewer/file3
642.html#feature2
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Historical Safekeeping: A Cooperative Approach to Building a Digital Preservation Resource
Berthon, Hilary; Thomas, Susan; Webb, Colin (Date Created: Jan 2002)
This article describes a project to cooperatively build a persistent distributed collection of digital resources from the field of digital preservation. All resources have been selected from the PADI subject gateway. The article describes some early findings and outcomes.
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/berthon/01berthon.html
D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2002
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Historical Scholars as Partners in Digital Preservation
Marcum, Deanna B. In: CLIR issues (Date Created: Mar 2001)
This article discusses the role of scholars in the selection of materials for digital archiving. It is argued that a number of benefits can flow from involving scholars in the decision-making process.
http://www.clir.org/pubs/issues/issues20.html#scholars
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SDS Final Report
Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities, University of Virginia (Date Created: 2004) (United States of America)
This is the final report from the Supporting Digital Scholarship project at the University of Virginia. The Mellon Foundation-funded project’s goal was to support the creation and long-term maintenance of digital scholarly projects, with emphasis on cooperation between creators and the collectors to ensure its implementation. The report highlights issues and problem areas, including legal and policy matters, without necessarily providing all the solutions. Preservation policies are discussed with special detailed examination of ‘significant properties’, which identify the unique properties of digital works.
http://www.iath.virginia.edu/~spw4s/sarah/SDS/SDS_AR_2003.frame.html
Also available in .html - http://www3.iath.virginia.edu/sds/SDS_AR_2003.html
Historical SHERPA and Institutional Repositories
Hubbard, Bill (Date Created: May 2003) (United Kingdom)
This article provides an overview of the SHERPA project (Securing A Hybrid Environment for Research Preservation and Access) in the UK. The main aim of the project is to set up open-access institutional e-print repositories within the Higher Education community. The article explores the issues that have arisen in the construction and use of the repositories, and notes key issues that need to be addressed including collection, copyright and preservation policies.
http://serials.uksg.org/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0953-0460&volum
e=16&issue=3&spage=243
Serials: The Journal for the Serials Community, Vol. 16. No. 3, November 2003, pp. 243-247, ISSN 0953-0460
Historical Significant Property: Digital Preservation at the British Library
Woodyard, Deborah (Date Created: Jan 2004) (United Kingdom)
This article focuses on the role of the British Library in relation to the preservation of digital materials. The author provides an overview of various projects currently being undertaken both within the Library itself, and collaboratively with other national and international institutions. Included are descriptions of the how the Library’s Department of Manuscripts and Sound Archive are dealing with digital objects, its Web Archiving and Digital Object Management (DOM) Programmes and the Library’s involvement in the SHERPA project.
http://ninetta.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentTy
pe=Article&contentId=862526
Also available in PDF version and in VINE, Vol 34, No 1, 2004, pp. 17-20, ISSN 0305-5728, (Special Issue: Digital Preservation and Libraries. Part One)
Skills, Role and Career Structure of Data Scientists and Curators ; An Assessment of Current Practice and Future Needs. Report to the JISC
Brown, Sheridan; Swan, Alma (Date Created: 31 Jul 2008) (United Kingdom)
This report, commissioned by JISC examines and makes recommendations on the roles and career development of data scientists and the supply of specialist data curation skills to the research community. Recommendations are made on the development of data skills in research domains, research libraries and in general. Executive summary available from the JISC website.
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/programmes/digitalrepositories/d
ataskillscareersfinalreport.pdf
Historical Software Archaeology
Hunt, Andrew; Thomas, David (Date Created: Mar 2002)
A short article describing the problems of understanding software code with little or no documentation. It ends with some suggestions as to how current developers could make code easier to work with in the future.
http://media.pragprog.com/articles/mar_02_archeology.pdf
IEEE Software, Volume 19, Number 2 (March/April 2002), ISSN 0740-7459.
Historical SPARC Institutional Repository Checklist & Resource Guide
Crow, Raym (Date Created: Nov 2002) (United States of America)
This guide details the issues that institutions and consortia need to address in implementing an institutional repository. These issues include technical considerations such as content longevity, data migration, persistent identifiers and digital formats; cost issues, intellectual property rights and repository management issues. Each section has resources and further reading links.
http://www.arl.org/sparc/bm~doc/IR_Guide_&_Checklist_v1.pdf
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Historical Standards for Electronic Publishing : An Overview
Bide, M. and Associates (Date Created: Aug 2000)
This report was commissioned by the NEDLIB project as a supplement to its Process Model for a Deposit System for Electronic Publications. The report, based on interviews with 14 European publishers, is intended to assist librarians to understand some of the issues in managing the deposit and preservation of electronic publications.
http://nedlib.kb.nl/results/e-publishingstandards.pdf
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Historical State of Legal Deposit Legislation
Deanna Marcum (Date Created: Jan 2000)
This paper, presented at Digital Archiving: Bringing Issues and Stakeholders Together Workshop, Paris, 30-31 January 2000, examines the legal deposit challenges of the digital environment. The need for a new legal mechanism for capturing and preserving eIectronic information is emphasised, and the issues of intellectual property rights, digital preservation, distributed repositories, authenticity and the changing relationships between publishers and libraries are addressed.
http://web.archive.org/web/20021016120841/www.icsti.org/2000workshop/m
arcum.html
Historical 'Superarchives' could hold all scholarly output
Jeffrey R. Young (Date Created: 05 Jul 2002)
Discusses creation of online 'institutional repositories' to preserve and provide access to the intellectual output of institutions like universities. Models discussed (briefly) include the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's DSpace project, the California Institute of Technology's digital repository, the University of California's Scholarly Repository, Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank, and the University of Southhampton's eprint.org initiative. While the article serves only as a brief introduction to the issues, it does have links to all the projects.
http://chronicle.com/free/v48/i43/43a02901.htm
Sustaining the Digital Investment : Issues and Challenges of Economically Sustainable Digital Preservation : Interim Report of the Blue Ribbon Task Force on Sustainable Digital Preservation and Access
Blue Ribbon Task Force on Sustainable Digital Preservation and Access (Date Created: Dec 2008) (United States of America)
This document reports on the activities and findings of the Task Forces first year, in which it sought to sample best and current practices in digital preservation and access and to identify major themes and systemic challenges. The report focuses on the economics of digital preservation and systemic barriers in institutions including inadequate funding, confusion in relation to responsibilities, inadequate incentives, complacency and fear about the size of this urgent problem.
http://brtf.sdsc.edu/biblio/BRTF_Interim_Report.pdf
Taking Care of Digital Collections and Data: 'Curation' and Organisational Choices for Research Libraries
Angevaare, Inge (Date Created: Mar 2009)
This article in Liber Quarterly considers data curation in research libraries; the types of digital information dealt with and the factors behind the decision to curate in-house or externally. A provisional list of do's and don't is included.
http://liber.library.uu.nl/publish/articles/000278/article.pdf
Liber Quarterly, ISSN 1435-2005, Vol 19 (2009) no. 1
Task Force on Digital Repository Certification
Research Libraries Group (Last Updated: Dec 2005) (United States of America)
A joint task force created by RLG and NARA, as part of ongoing work with the OAIS reference model. The Task Force was charged to consult regarding standards, criteria, and mechanisms for certification, identify certifiable elements, create a standard certification process or framework, develop a certification plan and identify the conditions for revocation of certification. In 2005 the task force published a draft checklist for certifying digital repositories and invited public comment. The final report is available from the Center for Research Libraries.
http://www.oclc.org/programs/ourwork/past/repositorycert.htm
Historical On the Web, Research Work Proves Ephemeral
Weiss, Rick (Date Created: 24 Nov 2003) (United States of America)
Using citations and footnotes as examples, this article reports on a recent study of scientific journals that found that that after 27 months of publication, 13 per cent of internet references were inactive. With many scholarly articles now citing Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) in their footnotes and references, there is a growing concern amongst scientists and scholars that this medium is becoming increasingly more ephemeral than archival in nature. The article also highlights the continual importance of the work of the Internet Archive and the development of the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) system – which traces a web page, even if it has moved to a new URL - in helping to make web pages permanently available for future generations.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A8730-2003Nov23?language=prin
ter
Also available in hardcopy.
Toward Distributed Infrastructures for Digital Preservation : The roles of Collaboration and Trust
Day, Michael In: International Journal of Digital Curation (Date Created: Jul 2009)
This article considers the role of collaboration in scientific data curation, digital preservation initiatives and development of institutional repositories. It also considers the concepts of trust and control as discussed in the literature and their application to work on trustworthy repositories.
http://www.ijdc.net/ijdc/article/view/60/61
Historical Transforming Libraries: Issues and Innovations in Preserving Digital Information
Soete, George J. (Date Created: 1998) (United States of America)
This preliminary report in the ARL Transforming Libraries series discusses the role that libraries might play in preserving digital information. It includes a summary of comments from twenty-one stakeholders on digital preservation issues. Overviews from various institutions (university libraries, national libraries, publishers) provide information about how these groups are tackling the problems associated with digital preservation. SP228.
http://web.archive.org/web/20061209222748/http://www.arl.org/transform
/pdi/index.html
ARL Transforming Libraries, Issue 5. Flyer for Spec Kit SP228 at http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/spec-228-flyer.pdf
Historical Treasuring the Digital Records of Science: Archiving E-Journals at the Koninklijke Bibliotheek
Steenbakkers, Johan F In: RLG DigiNews (Date Created: 15 Apr 2004) (Netherlands)
This article addresses the Koninklijke Bibliotheek (KB � National Library of the Netherlands) activities in relation to preserving electronic publications. It discusses the Library�s formal archiving agreements with several major science publishers, whereby such publishers have agreed to deposit all electronic publications for permanent archiving. The article looks at a publisher and librarian�s view of the agreement and also provides a description of the background, developments and infrastructure of the Library�s e-Depot, including the OAIS-compliant DIAS (Digital Information Archiving System).
http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/08/08/0000070511/viewer/file3
645.html#article0
Historical Trust in the preservation of digital information
Hart, Peter E.; Liu, Ziming (Date Created: Jun 2003)
Reports on a survey that demonstrated a lack of confidence in the persistence of digital information. In response, the authors propose that content producers, the IT industry, public agencies, etc. should co-operate to create an "institutional guarantee" system that would help to restore trust.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/777313.777319
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/777313.777319
Communications of the ACM, 46(6), 93-97. Web versions of this article (HTML and PDF) are only available to subscribers to the ACM Digital Library.
Historical Uncertain Fate of Scholarly Artifacts in a Digital Age
Carlson, Scott (Date Created: 30 Jan 2000) (United States of America)
This article looks at the challenges facing scholars in preserving digital objects for future generations. With a growing number of research materials such as novels, poems, letters, notes and artwork being produced electronically, there is an increasing concern amongst scholars that much of this information will become obsolete. The article debates whether society is entering a “digital dark age” or whether these technological changes will mean a new era for scholarship.
http://chronicle.com/weekly/v50/i21/21a02501.htm
Volume 50, Issue 21. Available by subscription.
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Historical UNESCO and the World Summit on the Information Society
Abid, Abdelaziz (Date Created: 18 Aug 2002)
A presentation by Abdelaziz Abid of UNESCO at the 68th IFLA Council and General Conference, Glasgow, 18-24th August, 2002, describing the principles and actions for consideration at the UNESCO World Summit on the information society. The needs of users, equity, information sharing, skills development and knowledge creation are included for consideration. Also included is a discussion paper which served as background to the UNESCO Provisional Draft Charter on the Preservation of the Digital Heritage.
http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/150-85be.pdf
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Historical UNESCO Campaign to Preserve the 'Digital Heritage' and Consultations in Asia and the Pacific
Webb, Colin (Date Created: 30 Sep 2003)
This article briefly describes UNESCO's Draft Charter on Preservation of the Digital Heritage and its associated guidelines. It also discusses the main issues that were raised in the regional Consultation Meeting for Asia and the Pacific, held in Canberra, Australia, in November 2002 and attended by 39 experts from 12 countries in the region. Summaries of topics include digital publishing, electronic records, audiovisual resources, data collections and the products of digitisation and community digital heritage programs, as well as current arrangements for managing digital materials, networks for co-operation, and barriers to preservation.
http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/2003/webb1.html
Also available in IPN (International Preservation News), No. 30, Sept. 2003
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Historical Unsettled State of Archiving
Beebe, Linda; Meyers, Barbara In: JEP - The Journal of Electronic Publishing (Date Created: Jun 1999) (United States of America)
This article discusses roles and responsibilities for archiving, with particular emphasis on the impact electronic publishing is having on the publishing industry. It includes the results of a survey, conducted by the authors, of publishers' attitudes towards archiving.
http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.3336451.0004.406
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Historical Update on the Digital Preservation Coalition
Beagrie, Neil In: D-Lib magazine (Date Created: Apr 2002) (United Kingdom)
Neil Beagrie reports on the progress of the Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC) and its aim to develop a UK digital preservation agenda with an international context. Among the DPC's goals are to construct and disseminate information on current research and practice in digital preservation, to promote the need for action and funding with key stakeholders and to develop strategic alliances, collaborative projects and appropriate services, technologies and standards for digital preservation.
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april02/beagrie/04beagrie.html
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Historical VERS: Building a Digital Record Heritage
Quenault, Howard (Date Created: Feb 2004) (Australia)
The Victorian Electronic Records Strategy (VERS) is “a framework of standards, guidance and practical implementation projects centred around the goal of reliably and authentically archiving electronic records created or managed by the Victorian government”. The article provides an overview into the background and vision of the program, the VERS Centre of Excellence, developing the digital archive and future directions of the program.
http://www.vala.org.au/vala2004/2004pdfs/13Quena.PDF
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Historical Web Archiving : a Feasibility Study for JISC and the Wellcome Trust
JISC (Joint Information Systems Committee) (Date Created: 09 Mar 2003) (United Kingdom)
An overview of a feasibility study by UKOLN into web archiving. The aims of the study were to provide both the JISC and the Wellcome Trust with an analysis of existing web archiving arrangements and how they address the needs of the UK research community, plus recommendations on how the JISC and the Wellcome Trust could develop web archives initiatives. This site includes links to two PDF reports, "Collecting and Preserving the World Wide Web" and "Legal Issues Relating to the Archiving of Internet Resources in the UK, EU, US and Australia".
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/index.cfm?name=project_webarchiving
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Historical Yale Electronic Archive - One Year of Progress: Report on the Digital Preservation Planning Project
Yale University Library (Date Created: Feb 2002) (United States of America)
A report on the progress of the collaborative planning effort between Yale University Library and Elsevier Science for the archiving of electronic journals, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The planning project sought to "understand better the scope and scale of digital journal preservation" and "identify practical next steps" for a large collection of commercially published journals. The report recognises the need for co-operative efforts and standards and relationships between publishers and archivers, and discusses the building of a prototype archive. The report is available in PDF format, either as sections or as a complete document.
http://www.library.yale.edu/~okerson/yea/

Top

Books

Addressing the Uncertain Future of Preserving the Past: Towards a Robust Strategy for Digital Archiving and Preservation
Stijn Hoorens; Jeff Rothenberg; Constantijn van Oranje; Martin van der Mandele; Ruth Levitt (Date Created: 2007) (Netherlands)
This report prepared for the Koninklijke Bibliotheek reviews the history of digital preservation, the role of National Libraries and publishers and discusses the dynamic environment of scholarly publishing. The report considers the strategy implications for the KB and its e-Depot archive.
http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR510/
Summary and Full document in PDF available for download from http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR510/ also available for sale. RAND (Technical ) Report TR-510-KB
Digital Archiving in the 21st century: Archives Domain Discussion Paper
Council of Australasian Archives and Records Authorities ; National Archives of Australia (Date Created: Sep 2006) (Australia; New Zealand)
This discussion paper was prepared for the Collections Council of Australia Digital Collections Summit 2006. Written by the the National Archives of Australia for and on behalf of the Council of Australasian Archives and Records Authotities. It describes what has been done, the challenges, hurdles and potential strategies for preservation of digital records in Australia, the capability of the Archives Domain and urgent need for coordinated action and advocacy.
ISBN: 1920807470
http://www.caara.org.au/Publications/DigitalArchiving21C.pdf
Available online as PDF
Digital Preservation in the Regions : Sample Survey of Digital Preservation Preparedness and Needs of Organisations at Local and Regional Levels : An Assessment Carried out from December 2004 to March 2005
Simpson, Duncan (Date Created: Jun 2005) (United Kingdom)
This report, published by the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council (MLA) and Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC), is the result of a survey of non-national museums, libraries and archives in two English regions to gauge their awareness and preparedness in handling the long-term preservation of digital material. The report indicates that awareness raising on the whole issue of digital preservation is needed, and presents 14 action points that institutions and the MLA / DPC can take to promote better practice.
ISBN: 190374380X
http://www.mla.gov.uk/what/publications/~/media/Files/pdf/2005/digital
_preservation_in_regions.ashx
Available for download in pdf and msword formats.
Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age
Committee on Ensuring the Utility and Integrity of Research Data in a Digital Age; National Academy of Sciences (Date Created: Jul 2009) (United States of America)
This book considers the factors effecting the integrity, accessibility and integrity of research data in the digital age and the roles and responsibilities of various stake holders. It recommends training in the management of research data for all researchers, and calls on researchers to make all research data, methods, and other information underlying results publicly accessible in a timely manner.
ISBN: 9780309136808
http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12615
Prepublication available online and for sale as print or PDF
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Historical Guidelines On Best Practices For Using Electronic Information
European Commission (DLM Forum) (Date Created: 1997)
These multidisciplinary guidelines (61 p.), developed at the 1996 DLM Forum, help to define short and medium-term strategies for managing and preserving electronic information.
ISBN: 92-828-2285-0
http://dlmforum.typepad.com/gdlines.pdf
Historical LC 21: A Digital Strategy for the Library of Congress
National Academy Press (Date Created: Jul 2001) (United States of America)
This large report on the Library of Congress was commissioned from the National Academy of Sciences. It states the issues and gives recommendations to assist in developing the Library's preparedness in dealing with its burgeoning digital collection responsibilities. It was compiled from discussions with Library staff, literature/project surveys and the expertise of the committee members. The report found shortfalls in strategic planning, infrastructure, expertise and funding in dealing with the intellectual control and preservation of digital materials at the Library.
http://www.nap.edu/books/0309071445/html/
Historical New Model Scholarship : How will it survive?
Smith, Abby (Date Created: Mar 2003)
This CLIR report (55 p.) discusses the issues in preserving digital scholarly resources. 'New model scholarship' is defined as those resources that are born digital, such as web sites, that will be of use to future researchers. The report looks at organisational approaches to preserving digital content and includes, as appendices, a review of organisational models for digital archiving and a survey of current research, practices and understanding of digital preservation in the United States.
ISBN: 1887334998
http://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub114abst.html
Available online as full text or PDF, or for purchase in print
Safekept
Historical Preserving and Sharing Statistical Material
Royal Statistical Society; UK Data Archive (Date Created: 2002) (United Kingdom)
This booklet is aimed at promoting the preservation and sharing of electronic data. it also discusses what should be preserved and includes the RSS Code of Best Practice on the Preservation and Sharing of Statistical Material.
ISBN: 0-906805-02-3
http://www.rss.org.uk/PDF/Archiving.pdf
Safekept
Historical Responsibility for Digital Archiving and Long Term Access to Digital Data
Blake, Monica; Haynes, David; Jowett, Tanya; Streatfield, David (Date Created: 1997) (United Kingdom)
British Library Research and Innovation Report 67. This report presents the findings of an investigation into opinions on the responsibility for maintaining an archive of digital materials produced in the UK and Ireland. It is available through the eLib Supporting Studies web site.
ISSN: 1366-8218
ISBN: 0 7123 33258
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/services/elib/papers/supporting/pdf/digital-pre
servation.pdf
May be purchased as a photocopy or microfiche from the British Thesis Service, British Library Document Supply Centre, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshore, LS23 7BQ, UK.

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Events

1st African Digital Management and Curation Conference and Workshop
12 - 13 Feb 2008 , CSIR Convention Centre, Pretoria (South Africa)
This conference looked at international trends and perspectives on digital management and curation in various sciences and for e-research. Presentations are available from the website.
http://stardata.nrf.ac.za/nadicc/index.html
Historical 9th Publishing and the Internet Seminar : Archiving - Whose Problem is it?
29 Nov 2002 , City Conference Centre, London.
The Associaciation of Learned and Professional Society Publishers (ALPSP)
(United Kingdom)
This seminar explored the issues in maintaining access to digital resources over time through the viewpoints of the different elements of the scholarly/information chain Some Powerpoint presentations are available.
http://web.archive.org/web/20061003184743/http://www.alpsp.org/events/
previous/s291102.htm
Digital Dilemmas Symposium: Challenges + Opportunities + Solutions
16 Apr 2009 , William and Anita Newman Conference Center at Baruch College, NY
Metropolitan New York Library Council
(United States of America)
This one day symposium organised and hosted by METRO and partly sponsored by OCLC, addressed some of the key strategic issues facing libraries in the digital information economy. Topics include scholarship in the digital environment, creation management and preservation of digital content, faculty attitudes, copyright, and assisting researchers. Presentation slides are available from the website.
http://www.metro.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=331
Historical ERPANET Training Seminar: Policies for Digital Preservation
29 - 30 Jan 2003 , Fontainebleau, Paris (France)
Includes a seminar report.
http://www.erpanet.org/events/2003/paris/ERPAtraining-Paris_Report.pdf
nestor Carries On - Jointly Saving the Digital Knowledge : nestor macht weiter - Gemeinsam digitales Wissen sichern: nestor-Abschlussveranstaltung
10 Jun 2009 , Staatsbibliothek, Berlin
nestor
(Germany)
This event marks the expiration of the funding grant from BMBF in June 2009 for nestor and will explore the continuation by project partners as a cooperative alliance.
http://www.langzeitarchivierung.de/modules.php?op=modload&name=PagEd&f
ile=index&page_id=57
Historical RLG Forum - To Have and To Hold: Metadata and Institutional Repositories
Research Libraries Group (Date Created: Dec 2003) (United States of America)
As part of a one day forum held at the Library of Congress and the Chicago Historical Society on 9 & 12 December respectively, these powerpoint presentations, not only deal with metadata standards, but also cover issues relating to digital respositories, open source software such as DSpace and FEDORA, as well as digital preservation options of various RLG members.
http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/1/OCC/2007/09/28/0000073852/viewer/file1
027.html

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Organisations and Websites

Safekept
Historical Consultation on Online Publications
National Library of Canada (Last Updated: 2004) (Canada)
Consultation on Online Publications is an initiative of the National Library of Canada to bring together experts from various sectors of the Canadian publishing community with National Library staff, to discuss key issues that the National Library must address when collecting and providing access to online publications. This is a new website that will be updated as more information is available.
http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/206/301/lac-bac/consultation_online_publi
cations-ef/8/7/index-e.html
Safekept
Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Home Page : CLDP Project
Loughborough University (Last Updated: 10 Mar 2004) (United Kingdom)
"The aim of the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation (CLDP) research project is to investigate whether copyright legislation and licensed access to digital content threaten the ability of libraries to provide long-term access to that content and to suggest ways in which the problems can be overcome." The web site also provided links to the discussion paper "Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation project" and questionnaires which aimed to gauge the awareness of stakeholders of digital preservation issues and detail and identify any problems in this area.
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/ls/disresearch/CLDP/index.htm
Historical DAREnet (en) - Digital Academic Repositories
Digital Academic Repositories (Last Updated: 2008) (Netherlands)
This website provided information relating to the Digital Academic Repositories (DARE) program - a joint initiative between the Dutch Universities, as well as the National Library of the Netherlands, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research. Initiated to preserve and provide access to the results of Dutch academic research from a range of institutions, this website included information on DARE, provided a list of participants and included the latest news relating to the project. In April 2008 DAREnet was incorporated into NARCIS and its records have became a subset.
http://web.archive.org/web/20070619040506/www.darenet.nl/en/page/langu
age.view/search.page
Site archived by the Internet Archive.
Data Seal of Approval
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (Regularly Updated) (Netherlands)
The Data Seal of Approval web site has been developed by DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services), the Netherlands national organization for ensuring long term access to social sciences research data. The web site contains guidelines for applying and checking quality aspects of the creation, storage and (re)use of digital research data in the social sciences and humanities. "These guidelines serve as a basis for granting a “data seal of approval”. The criteria for granting the data seal of approval are in accordance with, and match, national and international guidelines for digital data archiving such as the Kriterienkatalog vertrauenswürdige digitale Langzeitarchive developed by NESTOR, the Digital Repository Audit Method Based on Risk Assessment (DRAMBORA) published by the Digital Curation Centre (DCC) and DigitalPreservationEurope (DPE), as well as the Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification (TRAC): Criteria and Checklist by the Research Library Group (RLG)." The guidelines indicate responsibilities for data producers, repositories and consumers to ensure ongoing access.
http://www.datasealofapproval.org
Website also available in Dutch language version http://www.datakeurmerk.nl/
DCC: Digital Curation Centre
Digital Curation Centre (DCC) (Regularly Updated) (United Kingdom)
Consisting of four partner institutions - the University of Edinburgh, University of Glasgow, UKOLN at the University of Bath, and the Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils - the Digital Curation Centre (DCC) aims to support UK institutions to store, manage and preserve digital data for long-term access. The website includes links to information about the Digital Curation Centre, a definition of digital curation, DCC aims and objectives, and an overview of the DCC research agenda.
http://www.dcc.ac.uk/
Safekept
Historical Digital Continuity Forum: Presentations
Swinburne University of Technology (Last Updated: 05 Dec 2001) (Australia)
This web page provides links to 6 presentations given at the Digital Continuity Forum at Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia, on November 19, 2001 (see http://www.swin.edu.au/lib/DigCon2001.htm )
http://www.swin.edu.au/lib/digcontforum/presentations.htm
Historical JISC/Publishers Association Working Party Papers and Reports
eLib web-support (Regularly Updated) (United Kingdom)
This area on the Electronic Libraries Programme (eLib) website contains reports and papers arising from collaborative work between the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) and the Publishers Association (PA). Papers dated 1997-1999.
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/services/elib/papers/pa/
Historical Open Archives Forum
Open Archives Forum (Date Created: 2003)
The Open Archives Forum (OAF) website is a valuable resource providing and promoting information and support to activities relating to open archives in Europe, particularly the Open Archives Initiative. The website includes information and reviews on technical issues relating to open archives, such as resource database which lists services, repositories, projects, software, organizations and metadata schemes; materials on the Open Archives Workshop Series, as well as other relevant reports and presentations. Also included is an online tutorial introducing the beginner to the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting . The forum is no longer active.
http://www.oaforum.org/index.php
Safekept
PANDORA - Preserving and Accessing Networked Documentary Resources in Australia
National Library of Australia (Regularly Updated) (Australia)
PANDORA began as a project initiated by the National Library of Australia to investigate strategies and implement procedures for the capture, storage, preservation and access to digital data by creating an electronic archive of library materials. It is interested in capturing the full range of materials published online in Australia - including serials, newspapers and books, as well as unique online formats such as homepages (see also Digital Services Project). PANDORA is Australia's web archive managed by the Library with contributions from partners.
http://pandora.nla.gov.au/
PrestoSpace
PrestoSpace Consortium (Date Created: 2003)
This project, funded by the EU (from 1/2/04 for 40 months) and building upon earlier projects such as Presto, seeks to establish a framework for the digital preservation of audio-visual materials. The aim of the Project is to build ‘preservation factories’ which would provide an affordable infrastructure for institutions such as libraries and museums in order to manage, reduce costs, standardise processes and to provide access to their digital audio visual assets.
http://prestospace.org/
UK Government Web Archive
The National Archives (UK) (Regularly Updated) (United Kingdom)
This archive started as a one year project comprised of a selection of 50 UK government websites archived since August 2003 at varying intervals by the Internet Archive on behalf of The National Archives. Evaluation of the results of the project were used to inform policy and best practice for future archiving of government websites by The National Archives. Since 2005 archiving has been undertaken by contract to the European Archive. In November 2008 a program to archive UK central government websites 3 times per year was started. Additionally sites reflecting topical themes and issues of public interest have been collected into themed collections.
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/preservation/archivedwebsites.htm
Variable Media Network
Solomon R Guggenheim Foundation; Daniel Langlois Foundation for Art, Science, and Technology (Date Created: Jan 2004) (United States of America)
Committed to implementing the Guggenheim Museum’s unconventional preservation strategy, the Variable Media Network is a group of cultural institutions in the USA which looks at developing tools, methods and standards needed to realise this scheme. The Guggenheim approach involves encouraging artists to define their work independently from medium, that is to pass on guidelines for recasting their art work in a new form once the original has expired. The website outlines the initiative, gives examples of past and future case studies and provides information on events related to this field.
http://www.variablemedia.net/

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Policies, Strategies & Guidelines

Safekept
Historical Attributes of a Trusted Digital Repository: Meeting the Needs of Research Resources
Research Libraries Group (Last Updated: 01 Aug 2001) (United States of America)
This joint RLG-OCLC draft report was available for public comment until 12th October 2001. The report contains information and recommendations on developing and implementing a certified long-term digital information repository based on the OAIS functional model and extensive library and archival community discussion. Appendix B provides useful glossary of terms used in the report. The final report (also listed on PADI) is available at http://www.rlg.org/longterm/repositories.pdf
http://www.oclc.org/programs/ourwork/past/trustedrep/repositories.pdf
CAD: A Guide to Good Practice
Damien Robinson; Harrison Eiteljorg II; Jeremy Huggett; Kate Fernie (Date Created: 2002) (United Kingdom)
"The Guide is based on the premise that many organisations create and use computer aided design (CAD) software for archaeological and architectural projects. Increasingly CAD files comprise a component of project archives which are born digital, used digitally and which may not fully be re-produced on paper. The CAD guide is aimed at those who create CAD files, at project managers and at those considering the management of CAD archives. The guide offers a description of CAD software with a discussion of its use in a variety of situations, methods of data capture and good practices in the preparation of CAD models including consideration of layer naming schemes, drawing conventions and file formats. The guide provides an invaluable source of information about the management of digital data both during the project life-cycle and for its long-term preservation, archiving and effective data re-use. As a result it emphasises the importance of adhering to standards and of documentation essential information to support the re-use of the resource. The CAD Guide to Good Practice is of use to academic researchers, staff in national heritage agencies and local authorities, project field-workers, illustrators and others who are using CAD files as the foundation on which to build mapping applications and virtual reality models."
http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/project/goodguides/cad/
Columbia University Libraries Policy for Preservation of Digital Resources
Columbia University Libraries (Last Updated: 2006) (United States of America)
Official statement of CUL policy for the preservation of digital resources, including its commitment to digital lifecycle management.
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/services/preservation/dlpolicy.html
Historical Corporate Memory in the Electronic Age: Statement of a Common Position on Electronic Recordkeeping, May 1996
Australian Council of Archives (Date Created: 15 May 1996) (Australia)
This statement was designed to assist organisations to establish policy, standards and practical strategies for electronic recordkeeping. The statement describes principles and strategies for pursuing this vision under the following headings: creating electronic records and capturing them into electronic recordkeeping systems; designing, building and using electronic systems that keep records; maintaining and managing electronic records over time; and making electronic records accessible.
http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/52389/20050913-0000/www.naa.gov.au/recor
dkeeping/er/manage_er/append_1.html
Historical Creating and Using Virtual Reality : a Guide for the Arts and Humanities
Fernie, Kate (editor); Richards, Julian D. (editor) (Date Created: 2002)
This AHDS guide to good practice includes sections on archiving virtual reality projects and resources discovery. It includes information on metadata, formats, access and documentation of Virtual Reality projects. The Guide concentrates on accessible desk-top virtual reality which may be distributed and viewed on-line via the World Wide Web. It is concerned with the variety of virtual reality models that may be produced and how to ensure that these can be delivered successfully to users and preserved for future reuse.
http://vads.ahds.ac.uk/guides/vr_guide/
Data Seal of Approval
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (Regularly Updated) (Netherlands)
The Data Seal of Approval web site has been developed by DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services), the Netherlands national organization for ensuring long term access to social sciences research data. The web site contains guidelines for applying and checking quality aspects of the creation, storage and (re)use of digital research data in the social sciences and humanities. "These guidelines serve as a basis for granting a “data seal of approval”. The criteria for granting the data seal of approval are in accordance with, and match, national and international guidelines for digital data archiving such as the Kriterienkatalog vertrauenswürdige digitale Langzeitarchive developed by NESTOR, the Digital Repository Audit Method Based on Risk Assessment (DRAMBORA) published by the Digital Curation Centre (DCC) and DigitalPreservationEurope (DPE), as well as the Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification (TRAC): Criteria and Checklist by the Research Library Group (RLG)." The guidelines indicate responsibilities for data producers, repositories and consumers to ensure ongoing access.
http://www.datasealofapproval.org
Website also available in Dutch language version http://www.datakeurmerk.nl/
Desktop Management: Guidelines for Managing Electronic Documents and Directories
State Records NSW (Last Updated: 02 May 2002) (Australia)
This publication, accessible through the State Records NSW website, forms part of the Government Recordkeeping Manual. The purpose of this document is to foster better electronic recordkeeping practices in the New South Wales public sector by providing guidance on the management of electronic documents. These guidelines are intended to be used by agencies to establish their own internal guidelines for the management of electronic documents. They provide practical guidance on a range of issues including the assignment of roles and responsibilities and integrating document management with recordkeeping systems.
http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/recordkeeping/government-recordkeeping-m
anual/guidance/recordkeeping-in-brief/recordkeeping-in-brief-30
Recordkeeping In Brief, ISSN 1440-3978, RIB 30
Digital Archiving in the 21st century: Archives Domain Discussion Paper
Council of Australasian Archives and Records Authorities ; National Archives of Australia (Date Created: Sep 2006) (Australia; New Zealand)
This discussion paper was prepared for the Collections Council of Australia Digital Collections Summit 2006. Written by the the National Archives of Australia for and on behalf of the Council of Australasian Archives and Records Authotities. It describes what has been done, the challenges, hurdles and potential strategies for preservation of digital records in Australia, the capability of the Archives Domain and urgent need for coordinated action and advocacy.
ISBN: 1920807470
http://www.caara.org.au/Publications/DigitalArchiving21C.pdf
Available online as PDF
Safekept
Digital Preservation Policy for the National Library of Australia
National Library of Australia (Last Updated: Sep 2008) (Australia)
This policy indicates the National Library of Australia's (NLA) directions in preserving its digital collections and in working with other agencies. It outlines the nature of the Library's digital collections and the challenges associated with keeping them accessible; its broad directions for the digital collections; strategies for managing digital collections; and its areas of focus in research, standards development and both national and international collaboration.
http://www.nla.gov.au/policy/digpres.html
3rd edition; earlier version safekept in PANDORA at http://nla.gov.au/nla.arc-36099
Historical Digital Preservation Policy Tool
ERPANET (Date Created: Sep 2003)
This document provides guidance on what should be covered in a digital preservation policy. It outlines the purpose of such a policy as well as the importance of stating responsibilites, monitoring and reviewing and coverage. Also included is a bibliography which provides links to practical examples of digital preservation policies.
http://www.erpanet.org/guidance/docs/ERPANETPolicyTool.pdf
Digital Preservation: Illuminating the Past, Guiding the Future
National Archives of Australia (Date Created: Jun 2006) (Australia)
This publication describes the challenges of digital preservation and the approach of the National Archives of Australia to preserving Commonwealth Government electronic records. It briefly introduces the Xena software.
ISBN: 1920807454
http://www.naa.gov.au/Images/XENA_brochure%5B1%5D_tcm2-918.pdf
Available online as PDF.
Draft DCC Approach to Digital Curation
Digital Curation Centre (Date Created: 27 Aug 2004) (United Kingdom)
This extensive document is a draft and is being continually updated. It features a detailed definition and discussion of the concept of digital curation, particularly as it is applied by the Digital Curation Centre (DCC). Also discussed is the OAIS Reference Model as the basis of Centre's digital curation approach. The document also identifies key services that the DCC can research, develop and supply to facilitate digital curation, including the creation of a Registry/Repository of Representation Information, including information about formats, software and standards.
http://www.dcc.ac.uk/docs/phase-1/DCCApproachtoDigitalCuration-2004082
7.pdf
Historical ERPANET Bibliography on Digital Preservation Policies
ERPANET (Electronic Resource Preservation and Access Network) (Date Created: 20 Jan 2003)
A small but authoritative bibliography which contains links to the digital preservation policies of selected Universities, National Libraries, National Archives and other institutions. There are also links to guides to developing digital preservation policies.
http://www.erpanet.org/assessments/ERPANETbibliography_Policies.pdf
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Historical Framework for the Preservation of and Permanent Public Access to USDA Digital Publications
Uhlir, Paul, Project Consultant, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council (Date Created: Nov 1997) (United States of America)
"This plan developed by the National Agricultural Library in conjunction with the Office of the Chief Information Officer, all other Departmental agencies, and representatives of key stakeholder and customer groups, addresses the preservation of all publications in digital form that are not restricted in their public distribution, that are created by or under the auspices of the Department of Agriculture, and that meet the retention criteria established under this plan. The plan also provides guidelines and procedures for addressing the technical requirements and user access and retrieval needs for the Department's digital publications that are made available through the NAL."
http://web.archive.org/web/20021213215556/www.nal.usda.gov/preserve/US
DADigiPubPresProg/framework.shtml
Safekept
Geophysical Data in Archaeology: a Guide to Good Practice
Schmidt, Armin In: AHDS Guides to Good Practice (Date Created: 2002) (United Kingdom)
"The Guide to Good Practice offers an introduction to archaeological geophysics and the variety  of data that is produced including the raw measurement data, processed data and interpretative drawings. The guide emphasises the importance of ensuring that effective documentation is available for effective re-processing and re-interpretation of geophysical data. It also provides an invaluable introduction to storage and archiving of geophysical datasets and to sources of geophysical data in the UK. This Guide to Good Practice will be of use to the wide variety of individuals and organisations involved with geophysical survey projects.
http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/project/goodguides/geophys/
Safekept
Historical Guidelines On Best Practices For Using Electronic Information
European Commission (DLM Forum) (Date Created: 1997)
These multidisciplinary guidelines (61 p.), developed at the 1996 DLM Forum, help to define short and medium-term strategies for managing and preserving electronic information.
ISBN: 92-828-2285-0
http://dlmforum.typepad.com/gdlines.pdf
Safekept
Historical Keeping Electronic Records: Policy for Electronic Recordkeeping in the Commonwealth Government
National Archives of Australia (Date Created: 15 Jul 1995) (Australia)
This draft policy is designed to provide guidance to users and managers of computer systems in the Commonwealth public sector. It deals with the problems associated with managing electronic records, and recordkeeping and accountability in the electronic environment and provides an historical perspective on the National Archives approach to electronic recordkeeping.
http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/22377/20011102-0000/www.naa.gov.au/recor
dkeeping/er/keeping_er/summary.html
Safekept
Historical Keeping Government Publications Online: a guide for Commonwealth agencies
National Archives of Australia; National Library of Australia; National Office for the Information Economy (Date Created: Jul 2002) (Australia)
Explains how collaboration between agencies, the National Library of Australia and the National Archives of Australia will help to ensure that online Commonwealth Government publications remain accessible. Provides advice on steps that agencies are required or recommended to take, definitions of publications and records, and the roles of the three bodies seeking to work with agencies. The document is provided as a PDF.
http://www.nla.gov.au/guidelines/govpubs.pdf
Historical LC 21: A Digital Strategy for the Library of Congress
National Academy Press (Date Created: Jul 2001) (United States of America)
This large report on the Library of Congress was commissioned from the National Academy of Sciences. It states the issues and gives recommendations to assist in developing the Library's preparedness in dealing with its burgeoning digital collection responsibilities. It was compiled from discussions with Library staff, literature/project surveys and the expertise of the committee members. The report found shortfalls in strategic planning, infrastructure, expertise and funding in dealing with the intellectual control and preservation of digital materials at the Library.
http://www.nap.edu/books/0309071445/html/
Safekept
Historical Management and Preservation of Physical-Format Digital Publications: A National Library Position Paper on the Role of Australian Legal Deposit Libraries DRAFT, February 1998
National Library of Australia (Last Updated: 18 Feb 1998) (Australia)
This is a National Library of Australia position paper on the role of Australian legal deposit libraries in the management and preservation of physical format digital materials. The paper suggests ways the National Library of Australia can work with other stakeholders to find practical, cost effective ways of ensuring preservation for this category of publication. Emphasising the need for coordination and cooperation, this paper contains nineteen recommendations for preserving access to physical format digital publications.
http://www.nla.gov.au/policy/physform.html
Safekept
Historical Managing Electronic Records - A Shared Responsibility
National Archives of Australia (Last Updated: 12 Feb 1999) (Australia)
This paper defines what constitutes an electronic Commonwealth record in Australia and provides a guide to the roles of individual agencies and the Archives in preserving them.
http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/22378/20011102-0000/www.naa.gov.au/recor
dkeeping/er/manage_er/summary.html
Safekept
Historical National Preservation Office Digital Remit
National Preservation Office (Date Created: 2001) (United Kingdom)
The Digital Remit of the National Preservation Office, which set out the NPO's official responsibilities for digital archiving and preservation in the United Kingdom. Featuring amongst the assigned tasks were the assembly of best practice guidelines, the coordination of national digital preservation policy, and the creation of an appropriate comprehensive communication strategy. An important additional responsibility involved the establishment and administration of the Digital Archiving Working Group, to advise the NPO Management Committee.
http://web.archive.org/web/20030402231216/http://www.bl.uk/services/pr
eservation/remit.html
Safekept
Historical The NERC Data Policy Handbook. Version 2.2 December 2002
NERC Data Strategy Group (Last Updated: 2002) (United Kingdom)
The (UK) NERC wishes to ensure that data is properly managed and preserved for future use. This document provides guidance on the implementation of NERC's Data Policies.
http://badc.nerc.ac.uk/data/NERC_Handbookv2.2.pdf
Safekept
Historical Networked Electronic Publications: Policy and Guidelines
National Library of Canada (Date Created: Oct 1998) (Canada)
This policies and guidelines statement deals with the processes of identifying, locating, acquiring, reporting, storing and preserving networked electronic publications at the National Library of Canada.
http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/nlc-bnc/networked_epubs-ef/9/8/in
dex-e.html
Our Cultural Commonwealth. The Report of the American Council of Learned Societies' Commission on Cyberinfrastructure for Humanities and Social Sciences
American Council of Learned Societies' Commission on Cyberinfrastructure for Humanities and Social Sciences (Date Created: 13 Dec 2006) (United States of America)
This report makes recommendations to support the development of a cyberinfrastructure for the humanities and social sciences.
http://www.acls.org/cyberinfrastructure/OurCulturalCommonwealth.pdf
Print copies can be ordered from http://www.acls.org/cyberinfrastructure/
Policy on Networked Australian Electronic Publications
National Library of Australia (Last Updated: 21 Dec 1998) (Australia)
The document expresses the National Library of Australia's policy at the broadest level. It is anticipated that it will be developed in more detail as a result of work currently being undertaken at the Library.
http://www.nla.gov.au/policy/elecpol.html
Safekept
Historical Preserving and Sharing Statistical Material
Royal Statistical Society; UK Data Archive (Date Created: 2002) (United Kingdom)
This booklet is aimed at promoting the preservation and sharing of electronic data. it also discusses what should be preserved and includes the RSS Code of Best Practice on the Preservation and Sharing of Statistical Material.
ISBN: 0-906805-02-3
http://www.rss.org.uk/PDF/Archiving.pdf
Safekept
Historical Preserving the Memory of the World in Perpetuity: A Joint Statement on the Archiving and Preserving of Digital Information
IFLA and IPA (International Publishers Association) (Last Updated: 12 Aug 2002)
A joint statement by IFLA and the International Publishers Association (IPA) advocating seven principles and recommendations for the long term preservation of digital materials. Both organisations recognise the need for action and will seek to make long term preservation a key agenda item internationally and the focus of standards development, research and support. Libraries are considered best placed to take responsibility for long term preservation; arrangements with publishers, and joint initiatives are forecast.
http://archive.ifla.org/V/press/ifla-ipa02.htm
Historical Report by the Director-General on a Draft Charter on the Preservation of Digital Heritage
European Commission on Preservation and Access; UNESCO (Last Updated: 12 Oct 2002)
A document (164 EX/21) containing a set of principles and statements to be presented as a foundation of an International Charter on the Preservation of Digital Heritage and an annex discussion paper on the Preservation of Digital Heritage to be first discussed at the 165th session of the executive board.
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001255/125523e.pdf
Comment and suggestions from stakeholders are accepred until January 2003
Report by the Director-General on a Revised Draft Charter on the Preservation of the Digital Heritage
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (Date Created: 12 Mar 2003)
This document (166 EX/18) contains the revised charter draft as well as UNESCO's Executive Board's comments. The revised draft includes comments from four regional expert meetings including Asia/Pacific, Latin America, Africa and the Baltic countries. It will be presented to the General Conference at its 32nd session.
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001296/129679e.pdf
Safekept
Historical Revolutionizing Science and Engineering Through Cyber-Infrastructure : Report of the National Science Foundation Blue-Ribbon Advisory Panel on Cyberinfrastructure
Atkins, Daniel E. (Chair); CISE (Directorate for Computer & Information Science & Engineering) (Date Created: Jan 2003) (United States of America)
This report discusses a new approach to data curation and scientific collaboration which will enable the development of an advanced national cyberinfrastructure. This would involve interagency partnerships and collaboration between the various science disciplines. It will create a long term platform for data sharing which would avoid major problems such as data incompatibility, lack of interoperability and permanent loss of observational data due to lack of well-curated, long-term archives. The new cyberinfrastructure would "ensure that the exponentially growing amounts of data are collected, curated, managed, and stored for broad, long-term access by scientists everywhere."
http://www.cise.nsf.gov/sci/reports/atkins.pdf
Safekept
Safeguarding Australia's web resources: guidelines for creators and publishers
National Library of Australia (Date Created: Dec 2000) (Australia)
"The guidelines provide advice on creating, describing, naming and managing web resources to facilitate their ongoing use. The practices that are recommended will make it easier to carry out future preservation actions, which may be necessary in the longer term to maintain continued access to important resources."
http://www.nla.gov.au/guidelines/webresources.html
Safeguarding Collections at the Dawn of the 21st Century: Describing Roles & Measuring Contemporary Preservation Activities in ARL Libraries
Meyer, Lars (Date Created: May 2009) (United States of America)
This report (54 p.) considers both traditional preservation activities and emerging activities including the development of digital collections and related collaboration by ARL libraries. It includes discussion and recommendations in relation to collecting, preserving and curating digital surrogates, web-based content, machine dependent media and e-journals; digital repository development; digitisation; shared storage for print & digital materials and the collection of relevant statistics.
http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/safeguarding-collections.pdf
To Stand the Test of Time : Long-term Stewardship of Digital Data Sets in Science and Engineering. A Report to the National Science Foundation from the ARL Workshop on New Collaborative Relationships : The Role of Academic Libraries in the Digital Data Universe.
Association of Research Libraries (ARL) (Date Created: 26 Sep 2006) (United States of America)
This report (158, 36.1 MB) from a workshop held 26-27 September 2006 in Arlington Virginia makes recommendations to the National Science Foundation for developing an infrastructure to support long term curation of digital data sets in science and engineering. It discusses the current US data landscape, infrastructure, new partnership models and economic sustainability and provides recommendations for long-term curation.
http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/digdatarpt.pdf
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Historical Standards for an Electronic Records Policy
Committee on Institutional Cooperation University Archivists Group (CIC UAG) (Date Created: Dec 2001) (United States of America)
A policy outlining "a set of institutional requirements for the responsible management of electronic records and information systems" within the twelve member academic consortium, the Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC).
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~deromedi/CIC/cic4.htm
Also available in PDF format at: http://www.cic.net/Libraries/Library/Electronic_Records_Policy.sflb
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Historical Statement of Principles for the Preservation of and Long-Term Access to Australian Digital Objects
National Library of Australia (Last Updated: 1997) (Australia)
These principles for preserving access to Australian digital material cover areas of: cooperation, the role of the creator, distributed responsibility, appraisal, rights, strategies and the role of Government. They were developed by the National Library of Australia, in consultation with representatives from a wide range of sectors.
http://www.nla.gov.au/preserve/digital/princ.html
Stewardship of Digital Research Data - Principles and Guidelines: Responsibilities of Research Institutions and funders, data managers, learned societies and publishers
Research Information Network (Date Created: Jan 2008) (United Kingdom)
This document produced by the Research Information Network (RIN) provides a framework of key principles and guidelines for the stewardship of digital research data and is based on the premise that ideas and knowledge including data derived from publicly funded research should be made available. The framework is structured around five broad principles: 1. Roles and responsibilities; 2. Standards and quality assurance; 3. Access, usage and credit; 4. Benefits and cost-effectiveness, and; 5. Preservation and sustainability.
http://www.rin.ac.uk/our-work/data-management-and-curation/stewardship
-digital-research-data-principles-and-guidelines
Full document and summary available for dowload in PDF.
Historical Technological Landscapes for tomorrow's information economy: Unlocking the value of cultural heritage
Salzburg Research; Salzburg Research (Last Updated: 2001)
This DigiCULT study (320 p.) was completed by Salzburg Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH . It contemplates the transformation required and development opportunities presented by the increasing reliance of European Cultural Heritage Institutions on digital technologies. The need for digital preservation initiatives is also mentioned.
http://www.salzburgresearch.at/fbi/digicult/
available in pdf or html versions
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Historical Towards Collection Management Guidance
Weinberger, Ellis (Date Created: 01 Jun 2000) (United Kingdom)
This CEDARS document contains guidelines for the modification of collection management policies to help ensure preservation of digital objects.
http://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20050409230000/http://www
.leeds.ac.uk/cedars/colman/CIW02r.html
Archived by UKWAC
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Historical Trusted Digital Repositories: Attributes and Responsibilities
(Date Created: May 2002) (United States of America)
This joint RLG-OCLC report is the result of a working group that was created to establish attributes of a digital repository for the long-term preservation of and access to research materials in digital form. It discusses seven attributes of 'trusted digital repositories' and is intended for cultural institutions who have traditional or legal responsibilities for the preservation of cultural heritage.
http://www.oclc.org/programs/ourwork/past/trustedrep/repositories.pdf
UNESCO Charter on the Preservation of the Digital Heritage
UNESCO (Date Created: Apr 2003)
The charter is a non-binding declaration of a number of principles associated with digital preservation. It claims to be an inspirational document that defines digital heritage, clearly states the problems associated with its preservation and proposes a number of solutions. Related to Guidelines for the Preservation of Digital Heritage. The charter was adopted at the 32nd session of the General Conference of UNESCO, 17 October 2003.
http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13367&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL
_SECTION=201.html
PDFs available in multiple languages from http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13367&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
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Historical UNESCO and the World Summit on the Information Society
Abid, Abdelaziz (Date Created: 18 Aug 2002)
A presentation by Abdelaziz Abid of UNESCO at the 68th IFLA Council and General Conference, Glasgow, 18-24th August, 2002, describing the principles and actions for consideration at the UNESCO World Summit on the information society. The needs of users, equity, information sharing, skills development and knowledge creation are included for consideration. Also included is a discussion paper which served as background to the UNESCO Provisional Draft Charter on the Preservation of the Digital Heritage.
http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/150-85be.pdf
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Historical VERS: Building a Digital Record Heritage
Quenault, Howard (Date Created: Feb 2004) (Australia)
The Victorian Electronic Records Strategy (VERS) is “a framework of standards, guidance and practical implementation projects centred around the goal of reliably and authentically archiving electronic records created or managed by the Victorian government”. The article provides an overview into the background and vision of the program, the VERS Centre of Excellence, developing the digital archive and future directions of the program.
http://www.vala.org.au/vala2004/2004pdfs/13Quena.PDF
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Website Archiving Policy : National Library of Australia
National Library of Australia (Date Created: 23 Jan 2004) (Australia)
This document describes the strategies used to ensure that the content accessible through the National Library of Australia's websites is archived in accordance with government policy and guidelines. The strategies cover content made accessible through the Library's public website, intranet, websites hosted by the Library and websites mirrored by the Library. The document also includes the web record archiving workflow.
http://www.nla.gov.au/policy/webarchive/archstrat.html

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Projects and Case Studies

Addressing the Uncertain Future of Preserving the Past: Towards a Robust Strategy for Digital Archiving and Preservation
Stijn Hoorens; Jeff Rothenberg; Constantijn van Oranje; Martin van der Mandele; Ruth Levitt (Date Created: 2007) (Netherlands)
This report prepared for the Koninklijke Bibliotheek reviews the history of digital preservation, the role of National Libraries and publishers and discusses the dynamic environment of scholarly publishing. The report considers the strategy implications for the KB and its e-Depot archive.
http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR510/
Summary and Full document in PDF available for download from http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR510/ also available for sale. RAND (Technical ) Report TR-510-KB
Historical It Always Hurts the First Time: Experiences with Transferred Electronic Records
van Dijk, Marcel In: Cultivate Interactive (Date Created: Feb 2003) (Netherlands)
This case study notes the problems of transferring electronic records to the Amsterdam Public Record Office from a government agency. The study covers issues such as project planning, metadata, various file formats such as e-mails and text files.
http://www.cultivate-int.org/issue9/amsterdammro/
Historical BIBLINK
European Commission (Last Updated: 15 Jul 2000)
Project BIBLINK, funded through the European Commission's Telematics Applications Programme, aimed to establish a relationship between national bibliographic agencies and publishers of electronic material, in order to establish authoritative bibliographic information for the benefit of both sectors. Areas of investigation have included: metadata, permanent naming, data transmission and authenticity. The project finished in February 2000.
http://hosted.ukoln.ac.uk/biblink/
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Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Home Page : CLDP Project
Loughborough University (Last Updated: 10 Mar 2004) (United Kingdom)
"The aim of the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation (CLDP) research project is to investigate whether copyright legislation and licensed access to digital content threaten the ability of libraries to provide long-term access to that content and to suggest ways in which the problems can be overcome." The web site also provided links to the discussion paper "Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation project" and questionnaires which aimed to gauge the awareness of stakeholders of digital preservation issues and detail and identify any problems in this area.
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/ls/disresearch/CLDP/index.htm
Historical Digital Archives Attributes Working Group
Research Libraries Group (Regularly Updated) (United States of America)
A joint OCLC/RLG initiative, the Digital Archives Attributes Working Group was engaged in defining the elements of a sustainable digital archive for large general research collections. Drawing on the efforts of international experts, outcomes of the research were inted to be of assistance to research institutions building archival systems.
http://web.archive.org/web/20070101051700/http://www.rlg.org/longterm/
attribswg.html
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Memory of the World - Preserving Our Digital Heritage
UNESCO (Date Created: 2001)
This project is part of the UNESCO Memory of the World Programme. As described in the Project Summary, "The goal of this project is to provide a framework for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the digital heritage (web sites, data bases, electronic documents). This project covers both digitised and born-digital material."
http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=1538&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_
SECTION=201.html
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PANDORA - Preserving and Accessing Networked Documentary Resources in Australia
National Library of Australia (Regularly Updated) (Australia)
PANDORA began as a project initiated by the National Library of Australia to investigate strategies and implement procedures for the capture, storage, preservation and access to digital data by creating an electronic archive of library materials. It is interested in capturing the full range of materials published online in Australia - including serials, newspapers and books, as well as unique online formats such as homepages (see also Digital Services Project). PANDORA is Australia's web archive managed by the Library with contributions from partners.
http://pandora.nla.gov.au/
PrestoSpace
PrestoSpace Consortium (Date Created: 2003)
This project, funded by the EU (from 1/2/04 for 40 months) and building upon earlier projects such as Presto, seeks to establish a framework for the digital preservation of audio-visual materials. The aim of the Project is to build ‘preservation factories’ which would provide an affordable infrastructure for institutions such as libraries and museums in order to manage, reduce costs, standardise processes and to provide access to their digital audio visual assets.
http://prestospace.org/
Historical Publications supporting Digital Culture: DigiCULT
Salzburg Research (Date Created: 2002)
Digital Culture (DigiCULT) is an Information Society Technologies Programme (IST) Support Measure to establish a regular technology watch for cultural and scientific heritage over the period of 30 months (03/2002-08/2004). This website will publish papers over the life of the DigiCULT project.
http://www.digicult.info/pages/publications.php
Historical Significant Property: Digital Preservation at the British Library
Woodyard, Deborah (Date Created: Jan 2004) (United Kingdom)
This article focuses on the role of the British Library in relation to the preservation of digital materials. The author provides an overview of various projects currently being undertaken both within the Library itself, and collaboratively with other national and international institutions. Included are descriptions of the how the Library’s Department of Manuscripts and Sound Archive are dealing with digital objects, its Web Archiving and Digital Object Management (DOM) Programmes and the Library’s involvement in the SHERPA project.
http://ninetta.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentTy
pe=Article&contentId=862526
Also available in PDF version and in VINE, Vol 34, No 1, 2004, pp. 17-20, ISSN 0305-5728, (Special Issue: Digital Preservation and Libraries. Part One)
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Historical TEL Digital Deposits : State of the Art Review
de Niet, Marco (Date Created: Dec 2001)
This report gives an overview of the digital deposit practices at national libraries throughout Europe in 2001. The report is based on a questionnaire which was sent to all 41 members of the Conference of European National Librarians (CENL). The report recommends a number of issues to be discussed by libraries in order to align their legal deposit practices. This report is followed up by the Report on Current Practices Among Publishers Regarding the Deposit of Digital Publications which includes a corresponding survey of the major publishers of digital publications whose names have been supplied by the CENL libraries.
http://web.archive.org/web/20031002122349/http://www.europeanlibrary.o
rg/pdf/tel_results_d11_v02.pdf
European Library Project WP1 - publisher relations, DEL/007
UK Government Web Archive
The National Archives (UK) (Regularly Updated) (United Kingdom)
This archive started as a one year project comprised of a selection of 50 UK government websites archived since August 2003 at varying intervals by the Internet Archive on behalf of The National Archives. Evaluation of the results of the project were used to inform policy and best practice for future archiving of government websites by The National Archives. Since 2005 archiving has been undertaken by contract to the European Archive. In November 2008 a program to archive UK central government websites 3 times per year was started. Additionally sites reflecting topical themes and issues of public interest have been collected into themed collections.
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/preservation/archivedwebsites.htm
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Web-Based Government Information : Evaluating Solutions for Capture, Curation and Preservation
Christenson, Heather; Colvin, Jennifer; Cruse, Patricia; Eckman, Charles; Greenstein, Daniel; Hutton, Cate; Kunze, John (Date Created: Nov 2003) (United States of America)
Set within the context of the USA, this project report addresses the roles of libraries and other memory institutions in preserving web-based government information. The report outlines the methodology employed by the project team, including an extensive literature review and analysis, a demographic review of the dot-gov domain and surveys of existing web-archiving initiatives around the world. It also addresses the challenges in the capture, curation, and persistent management of web-based materials; discusses a route map for service implementation and looks at cost elements.
http://www.cdlib.org/programs/Web-based_archiving_mellon_Final.pdf

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Bibliographies

Historical ERPANET Bibliography on Digital Preservation Policies
ERPANET (Electronic Resource Preservation and Access Network) (Date Created: 20 Jan 2003)
A small but authoritative bibliography which contains links to the digital preservation policies of selected Universities, National Libraries, National Archives and other institutions. There are also links to guides to developing digital preservation policies.
http://www.erpanet.org/assessments/ERPANETbibliography_Policies.pdf
Historical JISC/Publishers Association Working Party Papers and Reports
eLib web-support (Regularly Updated) (United Kingdom)
This area on the Electronic Libraries Programme (eLib) website contains reports and papers arising from collaborative work between the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) and the Publishers Association (PA). Papers dated 1997-1999.
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/services/elib/papers/pa/

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Glossaries

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Historical Attributes of a Trusted Digital Repository: Meeting the Needs of Research Resources
Research Libraries Group (Last Updated: 01 Aug 2001) (United States of America)
This joint RLG-OCLC draft report was available for public comment until 12th October 2001. The report contains information and recommendations on developing and implementing a certified long-term digital information repository based on the OAIS functional model and extensive library and archival community discussion. Appendix B provides useful glossary of terms used in the report. The final report (also listed on PADI) is available at http://www.rlg.org/longterm/repositories.pdf
http://www.oclc.org/programs/ourwork/past/trustedrep/repositories.pdf

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Surveys

Digital Preservation in the Regions : Sample Survey of Digital Preservation Preparedness and Needs of Organisations at Local and Regional Levels : An Assessment Carried out from December 2004 to March 2005
Simpson, Duncan (Date Created: Jun 2005) (United Kingdom)
This report, published by the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council (MLA) and Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC), is the result of a survey of non-national museums, libraries and archives in two English regions to gauge their awareness and preparedness in handling the long-term preservation of digital material. The report indicates that awareness raising on the whole issue of digital preservation is needed, and presents 14 action points that institutions and the MLA / DPC can take to promote better practice.
ISBN: 190374380X
http://www.mla.gov.uk/what/publications/~/media/Files/pdf/2005/digital
_preservation_in_regions.ashx
Available for download in pdf and msword formats.
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Historical Digital Preservation Needs and Requirements in RLG Member Institutions
Hedstrom, Margaret; Montgomery, Sheon (Last Updated: 22 Jan 1999) (United States of America)
This RLG study was commissioned to assess the nature of guidance, education and training, storage and digital preservation services requirements of RLG members. Fifty-four institutions responded to a survey. Findings are presented under the headings: Digital Preservation Responsibilities, Digital Preservation Policies and Practices, Digital Preservation Staffing and Expertise, and Needs and Requirements.
http://www.oclc.org/programs/ourwork/past/digpresneeds/digpres.pdf
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Historical E-Science Curation Report : Data Curation for E-Science in the UK : an Audit to Establish Requirements for Future Curation and Provision
Lord, Philip; Macdonald, Alison (Date Created: 2003) (United Kingdom)
This report, prepared for the JISC Committee for the Support of Research (JCSR), endeavours to establish the current provision and future requirements for curation of digital primary research data generated within e-science in the UK. The report consists of strategic and policy level recommendations. Questionnaires and interviews were used to ascertain current provisions for data curation, in areas including such as repositories, libraries, funding, costs, preservation, and standards.
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/e-ScienceReportFinal.pdf
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Historical International Survey of Archival, Preservation and Related Clauses in Copyright Law
Norris, Michael (Date Created: 03 Feb 2004)
This survey, which is part of the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Project, identifies clauses in the copyright laws of 25 countries that allow copying for preservation. It also identifies those clauses that hinder this process. The survey is restricted to principal legislation and does not cover amendments. The survey results are presented in tabular form.
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/ls/disresearch/CLDP/DOCUMENTS/Copyr
ight%20survey.doc
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Historical Long-Term Management and Preservation of Publications on CD-ROMs and Floppy Disks : Roles and Responsibilities
Jones, Maggie In: First National Consultative Meeting on the Management of Australian Physical-Format Digital Publications (Date Created: Oct 1997) (Australia)
This paper, delivered at the National Consultative Meeting on the Management of Australian Physical-Format Digital Publications at the National Library of Australia in October 1997, discusses the results of a survey which was sent to libraries and publishers regarding the long-term management and preservation of publications on CD-ROMs and floppy disks. Results suggested that partnerships between libraries and some publishers were a possibility. All of the libraries surveyed favoured a cooperative approach to preservation based on a geographic approach to the allocation of responsibilities.
http://www.nla.gov.au/niac/meetings/roles.html

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Tools

Historical Digital Preservation Policy Tool
ERPANET (Date Created: Sep 2003)
This document provides guidance on what should be covered in a digital preservation policy. It outlines the purpose of such a policy as well as the importance of stating responsibilites, monitoring and reviewing and coverage. Also included is a bibliography which provides links to practical examples of digital preservation policies.
http://www.erpanet.org/guidance/docs/ERPANETPolicyTool.pdf

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Evaluations

Historical Archives in the Digital Age : A Study for Resource
Barata, Kimberley (Date Created: Dec 2002) (United Kingdom)
This study (194 p. 1.06MB) describes the current situation in the United Kingdom in regard to the long term management of digital records, both born digital and created through digitisation programmes. The aim of the study is to provide information obtained by surveys and interviews to Resource, the UK Council for Museums, Archives and Libraries, and to analyse the specific needs of the archives, with particular emphasis on archives run by local authorities.
http://research.mla.gov.uk/evidence/view-publication.php?dm=nrm&pubid=
4
Original MSWord document (3.63 MB), now PDF available for download (1.06MB).

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