Roles and responsibilities
In the digital environment, roles and relationships are changing. Information systems designers and suppliers, creators, publishers, distributors, collectors and access providers all have a role to play in ensuring long-term access to digital information. Because of the effect some functions have on others, it is vital that responsibilities are well-defined and the impacts from decisions made at one stage on procedures at a later stage are well understood. The cooperation of all with a role in the generation, use, management, distribution and preservation of digital objects is essential.
Models for Cooperation
In the digital environment, information is typically distributed across many sites with a range of people responsible for preserving access. In its seminal report issued in 1996, Preserving Digital Information: Final Report and Recommendations, the (US) Task Force on Archiving of Digital Information recommended the establishment of a national system of certified digital archives collectively responsible for maintaining long-term access. The report argued that, in a time of immense change, a distributed system for collecting, protecting and preserving digital information would be the "most effective and affordable" strategy which assigned responsibility with "those who presumably care most about and have the greatest understanding of the value of particular digital information objects". A range of organisational models have evolved in different countries and a variety of types of organisations are poised to play a role. These include: legal deposit libraries, data centres, digitisers, universities, research institutions and publishers.
The National Library of Australia assumes a distributed and cooperative model. In its Statement of Principles for the Preservation of and Long-Term Access to Australian Digital Objects, developed in consultation with representatives from a wide range of sectors is the principle:
- The location, selection, identification/cataloguing and retention of digital objects will be best achieved through the coordinated distribution of responsibilities.
- A national network of archives, collecting organisations and other information providers operating through formal agreements in which responsibilities are well-defined will best serve to preserve access to significant digital objects.
A national collection of electronic publications, built on shared responsibility for archiving by the National and State libraries, is being developed. This is still evolving: while a number of State libraries have decided to be part of the PANDORA architecture developed by the National Library, others are pursuing their own systems. The National Library of Australia particularly values the evolution of this loose national network and its anticipated gradual extension to other significant stakeholders such as university libraries and major publishers with an interest in archiving. The archiving of electronic theses being pursued by university libraries through the Australian Digital Theses Project illustrates the way a national archiving and preservation model is likely to develop: as a patchwork of action by players with particular business needs and interests.
Within the Australian archives sector, the National Archives of Australia will register and control electronic records which have been in existence for 25 years and which are deemed to be of enduring value, but, in most cases, will establish arrangements whereby the records will be kept with the agency (see the section on 'Retaining Electronic Records in Agency Custody' in Keeping Electronic Records, National Archives of Australia, 1995).
The National Library of Canada (NLC) is currently initiating discussions with the Canadian library and publishing communities on long-term cooperative preservation. It also aims to define roles and responsibilities for archiving digital materials through the Canadian Initiative on Digital Libraries (CIDL) alliance. Several possible cooperative arrangements are discussed in the NLC document, Networked Electronic Publications Policy and Guidelines: a distributed model, possibly including multiple copies of publications stored at different locations; a distributed access but centralised preservation model in which the NLC might store electronic hard copies of publications also stored by other parties on remote servers; or a centralised model in which the NLC would work with other federal agencies to create a central repository for electronic information.
In the UK, a number of models have been successfully adopted for different types of digital material. The Arts and Humanities Data Service (AHDS) is a centrally managed but geographically distributed service which has assumed a significant role in preserving access to digital resources in the arts and humanities field for the higher education sector. The Natural Environment Research Council data centres are also based on a physically distributed model in which materials are housed at locations where there is expertise to manage them. A UK study (Responsibility for digital archiving and long term access to digital data), funded through the higher education sector's Joint Information Systems Committee, recommended that a body should be established to coordinate archiving of digital materials in the UK but that the job of maintaining the archives should be contracted out to specialist agencies with the appropriate expertise. It was proposed that the coordinating body might be formed as an extension of the National Preservation Office (NPO). One of the most prominent collaborations in digital preservation over the past few years has occurred in the higher education and research sectors in the UK. The eLib program has provided both funds and vision for the investigation of digital preservation issues. The program funds the CEDARS project, being undertaken under the overall direction of the (UK) Consortium of University Research Libraries (CURL).
In the USA, the Research Libraries Group (RLG) and the Digital Library Federation (DLF) have set up a joint taskforce to look at policy and practice for long-term retention of digital material. It will "create one or more digital preservation policy frameworks that adequately address the material types and relevant institutional contexts."
The European Commission has been a very active supporter of regional collaboration. Among many interesting projects supporting access to digital heritage is the NEDLIB project, a collaborative project involving eight European national libraries, one national archive, two IT development companies and three major publishers, coordinated by the National Library of the Netherlands. The project "aims to construct the basic infrastructure upon which a networked European deposit library can be built" in order to ensure ongoing access to electronic publications.
Role of Creators
In its report, Preserving Digital Information: Final Report and Recommendations, the (US) Task Force on Archiving of Digital Information wrote, "To the extent that creators/providers/owners of digital information accept initial responsibility for archiving their objects, they may begin to see the wisdom of incorporating migration paths or other provisions for preservation as an integral part of the process or system that generates digital information." Initial steps taken by creators might also include ensuring that necessary metadata is included which will assist organisations taking longer term responsibility; lodging the digital object with an organisation which is willing to accept long-term preservation responsibility for it; or adherence to standards. Without this cooperation, it may not be possible for institutions to maintain access to these publications, even if they are willing to do so. While many will need to negotiate with collecting institutions for their material to be preserved, larger institutions which are creators, such as universities, may have strong interest and be well-equipped to take responsibility for providing long-term access to their own digital material.
Role of Publishers
The role of publishers in preserving access to digital publications has been much debated. A recent US study, (The Unsettled State of Archiving, Beebes and Meyers in The Journal of Electronic Publishing June, 1999) found that publishers see themselves playing an expanding role in the area of archiving. This assumption was also demonstrated in the responses of several publishers in a recent UK study (Responsibility for digital archiving and long term access to digital data, Haynes, Streatfield, Jowett and Blake) who suggested that they or the rights holders should archive their own materials. At a meeting held at the National Library of Australia in October 1997, focussing on the roles and responsibilities in ensuring access to physical format digital material, publishers present indicated strongly that they had no charter to preserve access to their information and would do so only for as long as it remained commercially viable. However, the possibility of publishers providing library-friendly versions (for example copies without hard coding or logical devices that prevented reformatting) of their publications was discussed, with publishers indicating that libraries would need to be able to ensure protection of copyright. In Australia, the PANDORA Project will be instrumental in assessing what arrangements will need to be made for those publishers who do intend to play an active preservation role for networked publications. Even if publishers hand over their material to libraries, their involvement in developing products which facilitate preservation and in the adoption of current best standards and practices will be crucial.
Roles within Organisations
In addition to redefining responsibilities of organisations, it may be necessary to redefine roles within organisations to ensure long-term access to digital information. In an archives or records management environment, for example, responsibility for maintaining long-term access to digital records may be shared between business managers, records management and information technology personnel, and individual creators.
Text last updated: Oct 1999
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- 3D-ArchGIS: Archiving Cultural Heritage In A 3D Multimedia Space
Arnaoutoglou, Fotis; Chamzas, Christodoulos; Koutsoudis, Anestis; Pavlidis, George; Tsirliganis, Nestor C
In: DigiCULT.Info Newsletter
(Date Created: Dec 2003)
(Greece)
- This article looks at the work of the Cultural and Educational Technology Institute (CETI) in Greece in developing an experimental application known as 3D-ArchGIS. Only in its initial stages, 3D-ArchGIS has been designed for the purposes of 3D-digital archiving of cultural objects. The article provides an overview of the system’s main features, the technology behind 3D-ArchGIS as well as a description of future developments.
- http://www.digicult.info/downloads/dc_info_issue6_december_20031.pdf
- Accountability and Accessibility : Ensuring the Evidence of E-governance in Australia
Cunningham, Adrian; Phillips, Margaret E.
(Date Created: Aug 2005)
(Australia)
- This article is an updated version of a earlier article called Keeping Online Information Accessible for E-governance and E-democracy published in 2004. The article focuses on the need for government agencies and other institutions to ensure that electronic publications and organisational records are collected, managed and preserved as a means of ensuring long-term access for the benefit of e-governance and e-democracy. The article provides definitions of online publications and online records; explores the role of libraries and archives in e-government, including initiatives undertaken at the National Library of Australia and National Archives of Australia; addresses factors that contribute to the vulnerability of online information; and concludes with a list of factors that inhibit the long-term availability of online information for e-governance and e-democracy.
- http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/00012530510612059
- Aslib Proceedings, ISSN 0001-253X , vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 301-317. Available via subscription from www.emeraldinsight.com
- Addressing the Uncertain Future of Preserving the Past: Towards a Robust Strategy for Digital Archiving and Preservation
Stijn Hoorens; Jeff Rothenberg; Constantijn van Oranje; Martin van der Mandele; Ruth Levitt
(Date Created: 2007)
(Netherlands)
- This report prepared for the Koninklijke Bibliotheek reviews the history of digital preservation, the role of National Libraries and publishers and discusses the dynamic environment of scholarly publishing. The report considers the strategy implications for the KB and its e-Depot archive.
- http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR510/
- Summary and Full document in PDF available for download from http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR510/ also available for sale. RAND (Technical ) Report TR-510-KB
-
It Always Hurts the First Time: Experiences with Transferred Electronic Records
van Dijk, Marcel
In: Cultivate Interactive
(Date Created: Feb 2003)
(Netherlands)
- This case study notes the problems of transferring electronic records to the Amsterdam Public Record Office from a government agency. The study covers issues such as project planning, metadata, various file formats such as e-mails and text files.
- http://www.cultivate-int.org/issue9/amsterdammro/
-

Archiving E-mail
Boudrez, Filip; Van den Eynde, Sofie
(Date Created: Aug 2002)
- A report from the Flemish DAVID Project examining in detail the legal and technical issues related to the preservation of email records, including sections on email archiving policies and practice. The report is available in PDF format.
- http://www.expertisecentrumdavid.be/davidproject/teksten/Rapporten/Rep
ort4.pdf
-
Archiving the Web - Some Legal Aspects
Kavcic-Colic, Alenka
(Date Created: 21 Aug 2002)
- A paper presented at the 68th IFLA General Conference and Council held in Glasgow, 18-24 August, 2002, discussing some legal aspects of archiving publications from the web. Copyright and legal deposit legislation are discussed with regard to rights implications for harvesting, public access and long-term preservation.
- http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/116-163e.pdf
- Also available in French at http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/116-163f.pdf
-

Archiving the World Wide Web
Lyman, Peter
In: Building a National Strategy for Digital Preservation: Issues in Digital Media Archiving
(Date Created: Apr 2002)
(United States of America)
- A paper in the series of six environmental scans commissioned as part of the US National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP), this article examines archiving the web from several perspectives. As well as technical issues, such as those involved in defining the digital object, authenticity and provenance and the technologies needed for preservation, the article considers the roles of librarians and computer scientists in managing digital material and organisational issues such as copyright and the responsibility to preserve.
- http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub106/web.html
- The collected papers are also available in PDF format via: http://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub106abst.html
-
Building and Sustaining Digital Collections: Models for Libraries and Museums
Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR)
(Date Created: Aug 2001)
- This meeting report looks at the challenges that cultural institutions face when putting collections online. Business case studies were presented which enabled participants to discuss issues such as property rights, organisational impacts and sustainability.
- http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub100/pub100.pdf
-

Canadian Overview
Turko, Karen
(Last Updated: 18 Feb 1999)
(Canada)
- This paper discusses the Canadian approach to roles and responsibilities for preserving long-term access, digital preservation, and digitisation.
- http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/da/ViewObjectMain.jsp;jsessionid=84ae0c
5f82408109cd3e5b7444b78885931e3452f9a1?fileid=0000070504:000006277814& reqid=629
-

Case for Institutional Repositories: A SPARC Position Paper
Crow, Raym
(Last Updated: 2002)
- A report produced by the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition looking at the benefits of developing Institutional Repositories to capture and preserve scholarly output. Also examined is how the trend towards the self-publishing of primary research materials changes the roles of traditional scholarly publishers, academic libraries and specific faculties.
- http://www.arl.org/sparc/bm~doc/ir_final_release_102.pdf
-

CEDARS Project Report: April 1998 - March 2001
CEDARS Project Team
(Date Created: Jun 2001)
(United Kingdom)
- The report of the first three years of the CEDARS project, a focussed investigation into digital preservation issues. The report comprises an overview of the CEDARS demonstrator archive established across the CEDARS partners, the universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Leeds, and contains case studies for a variety of deposited digital materials and basic recommendations for use of migration and emulation as preservation strategies. The report also provides guidance and recommendations on organisational and management issues. The full report is available for download as PostScript or PDF.
- http://www.leeds.ac.uk/cedars/OurPublications/cedarsrepmar01exec.html
-

Collecting and Preserving the World Wide Web : a Feasibility Study Undertaken for the JISC and Wellcome Trust
Day, Michael
(Date Created: 25 Feb 2003)
(United Kingdom)
- The study is an analysis of the task of archiving the web, and includes a review of current web archiving activities and approaches. One of the major recommendations of this study is to establish a pilot medical web archiving project using the National Library of Australia's PANDAS software.
- http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/archiving_feasibility.pdf
- Coming Crisis in Preserving Our Digital Cultural Heritage
Lynch, Clifford A
(Date Created: 2000)
(United States of America)
- In this article the author explores the challenges that are facing cultural heritage institutions in relation to digital preservation. The author states that it is difficult for libraries to maintain their role of preserving society’s cultural and intellectual heritage due to the fact that an increasing amount of heritage is being produced in digital form. Constraints for librarians have arisen from digitisation and include areas such as legal rights and protections, both of which have made it difficult for copying and reformatting material. The article offers suggestions on how to address these problems, including making the preservation of intellectual and cultural record in digital form a public policy as well as a legal issue.
- ISBN: 0789020904
- Co-published in the Journal of Library Administration, (ISSN0193-0826) 38, 3/4, 2003 pp. 149-161 and : The Strategic Stewardship of Cultural Resources : To Preserve and Protect (ed: Andrea T. Merrill)
- Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation
Muir, Adrienne
(Date Created: Jun 2003)
- This article gives an overview of the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Project, which is investigating whether copyright legislation and licensed access to digital content threaten the ability of libraries to provide long-term access to that content and to suggest ways in which the problems can be overcome. It also includes background information on digital preservation practices and their associated copyright problems.
- http://www.cilip.org.uk/publications/updatemagazine/archive/archive200
3/june/update0306c.htm
- in Library and Information Update, June 2003.
-

Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Project Seminar
Loughborough University of Technology. Dept. of Library and Information Studies
(Date Created: 2003)
- This is a report on the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Project Seminar held on November 19th, 2003 at the Policy Studies Institute in London. Attendees included publishers, librarians, legal and digital preservation experts. The seminar featured a presentation on the Copyright and Licensing for Digital Preservation Project, as well as discussion focused on preservation copying requirements, copyright issues and relationships with publishers. The report identifies constraints to digital preservation and proposes recommendations on how the constraints may be overcome.
- http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/ls/disresearch/CLDP/DOCUMENTS/Semin
ar%20Report%20.doc
-

Creating Trading Networks of Digital Archives
Cooper, Brian; Garcia-Molina, Hector
(Date Created: 2001)
- This paper examines how agencies might preserve digital collections by forming and participating in peer-to-peer (P2P) trading networks. Peer-to-peer trading algorithms and a simulator, to conduct and report on trading sessions, were used to examine issues of storage and replication allowances, trading network size, and choice and reliability of trading partners. The paper is available in several formats, including text, PostScript and PDF, or may be read online by selecting "Pagewise preview".
- http://dbpubs.stanford.edu:8090/pub/2001-23
- DARE : A New Age in Academic Information Provision in the Netherlands
Van der Vaart, Lilian
(Date Created: 01 Jul 2003)
(Netherlands)
- The DARE programme (Digital Academic Repositories), which runs from 2003-2006, was instigated in the Netherlands as a joint programme between all Dutch Universities, the National Library of the Netherlands, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research. The aim of DARE, is to “ enable universities to better fulfil their own role and responsibility in the preservation and accessibility of the academic information produced in their own institute.” This paper describes the processes and developments of the first stage of the programme (up to June 2003).
- http://www.surf.nl/download/Paper_EUNIS_2003.pdf
- This paper was given at the 9th International Conference of European University Information Systems (EUNIS) in Amsterdam, 4 July, 2003
- Data Preservation : Great Data But Will It Last?
Spedding, Vanessa
(Date Created: 2003)
(United Kingdom)
- This article is an overview of the major digital preservation initiatives in both Europe and the United States. The article contains a brief description of the problems facing governments, libraries and business in long term preservation. Costs, commercial potential, and investment in archiving products are also discussed.
- http://www.researchinformation.info/rispring03data.html
- in Resource Information, Issue 5, Spring 2003.
- Data Preservation, the New Science and the Practitioner Librarian
Joint, Nicholas
(Date Created: Apr 2007)
- This paper discusses the challenge of preserving e-Science data as the output of scientific experimentation in contrast to the traditional scientific paper which librarians are more used to dealing with. It considers how the librarian/ information professional skillset could potentially contribute to curating this new form of scientific output (data-intensive research produced by virtual organisations).
- 10.1108/00242530710760337
- http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/00242530710760337
- Also available in PDF and in Library Review ISSN: 0024-2535, 2007 Vol: 56 No.: 6 pp: 451 - 455
-
DEJA: A Year in Review
Baudoin, Patsy; Smith, MacKenzie
(Date Created: 30 May 2002)
(United States of America)
- This article, presented as part of the Andrew W Mellon Foundation Electronic Journal Archiving Program, provides an overview of the work undertaken by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in relation to the design of a Dynamic E-journal Archive (DEJA). Areas addressed in the article include a definition of dynamic electronic journals, the types of content that should be considered for preservation purposes and a description of preservation strategies.
- http://www.diglib.org/preserve/mitfinal.pdf
- Also available in Archiving Electronic Journals: Research Funded by the Andrew W Mellon Foundation, edited and introduced by Linda Cantara, Indiana University.
-

Developing national collections of electronic publications: issues to be considered and recommendations for future collaborative actions
Fullerton, Jan
(Last Updated: Aug 1998)
(Australia)
- This paper was presented by Jan Fullerton, Deputy Director General of the National Library of Australia, to the workshop "Legal Deposit of Electronic Materials", sponsored by the IFLA Section on National Libraries and held in Amsterdam on 20th August 1998. It seeks to identify areas of common interest where national libraries can work together to progress the issues surrounding the management of electronic publications. The paper makes several recommendations emphasising the collaborative role National Libraries need to adopt to manage their electronic publications.
- http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/int_issu.html
- Paper delivered at the workshop
- Digital Archive Developments
Falk, Howard
(Date Created: 2003)
- This article provides a guide to the development of digital archives in universities, colleges, as well as national and international governmental institutions worldwide. The author provides an overview of academic digital archives in the USA and Europe; the concerns of journal publishing such as the costs of digital repositories and copyright; worldwide national initiatives and projects to preserve digital materials including activities of the British Library, Library of Congress, and the National Archives of Australia; as well as information relating to archiving software.
- DOI: 10.1108/02640470310491603
- http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/02640470310491603
- Available in The Electronic Library, Vol 21, Number 4, pp. 375-379 (ISSN 02640473). Subscription is also available online at http://konstanza.emeraldinsight.com/. Available in HTML or pdf formats.
- Digital Archiving : a Necessary Evil or New Opportunity?
Steenbakkers, Johan F.
(Date Created: 2004)
(Netherlands)
- This article focusses on the contribution of the Koninklijke Bibliotheek (KB)- the National Library of the Netherlands in cooperating with publishers to secure the permanent achiving of electronic publications. It provides a brief overview of e-depot which is the KB's deposit system, a description of the technology involved and the evolving nature of the relationship between the KB and electronic journal publishers.
- http://muse.jhu.edu/cgi-bin/access.cgi?uri=/journals/library_trends/v0
54/54.1steenbakkers.pdf
- Also available in Serials Review, Vol. 30, no. 1 (Spring 2004). Also available as html.
-
Digital Archiving : What is Involved?
Flecker, Dale
(Date Created: Jan 2003)
(United States of America)
- This article discusses the issues in archiving and preserving electronic journals, especially within a higher education context. The article is based on the results of Harvard University's study in the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation grant on electronic journal archiving.
- http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/erm0316.pdf
- in, Educause Review, January/February 2003
-
Digital Division is Cultural Exclusion. But Is Digital Inclusion Cultural Inclusion?
Worcman, Karen
In: D-Lib magazine
(Date Created: Mar 2002)
- This article examines "the extent to which digital technologies and the Internet can be instruments of social and cultural inclusion" and "how the use of these technologies can be linked to the preservation of the history of a particular cultural group." It also notes the impacts of digital technology on history and the collective memory of communities and the challenges in overcoming digital exclusion of economically disadvantaged groups, in the creation and preservation of digital history and of sustainable projects and resources.
- http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march02/worcman/03worcman.html
-

Digital Electronic Archiving : the State of the Art and the State of the Practice
Carroll, B. C.; Hodge, G.; Information International Associates Inc.
(Date Created: 26 Apr 1999)
- The Executive Summary and Main Report are available at: http://www.icsti.org/99ga/digarch99_ExecP.pdf and http://www.icsti.org/99ga/digarch99_MainP.pdf, respectively. This study was undertaken to provide information on the state of the art and practice in digital electronic archiving policies, models and best practices. The study is international in scope and includes a variety of data types applicable to scientific and technical information including data, text, images, audio, video and multimedia, and a variety of object types such as electronic journals and monographs, satellite imagery, biological sequence data and patents. Several "cutting edge" projects are identified for more detailed analysis.
- http://www.icsti.org/Dig_Archiving_Report_1999.pdf
- Digital Preservation : an Individual Responsibility For Communal Scholarship
Smith, Abby
(Date Created: May 2003)
- This article provides a brief discussion of the idea that future scholarship depends on current digital diligence by both libraries and scholars. Scholarly works are created in a wide range of digital formats and their availability for future use depends not only on librarians but on the creators of those works themselves. The Humanities are identified as an area where scholars need to develop work practices that will ensure the integrity of a digital project long after the creator has moved on.
- http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/erm0338.pdf
- in Educause Review, May/June 2003
-
Digital Preservation : an Introduction to the Standards Issues Surrounding the Deposit of Non-Print Publications
Bide, M., Potter, E. J. , Watkinson, A.
(Date Created: Sep 1999)
(United Kingdom)
- This study aims to focus attention on the issues surrounding legal deposit of electronic publications in the United Kingdom. The report defines electronic publications, how they should be selected for legal deposit and provides an outline of digital preservation strategies. The study provides a good summary of relevant digital preservation issues, focussing on legal deposit.
- http://www.bic.org.uk/digpres.doc
- Digital Preservation Activities in the UK: Building the Infrastructure
Jones, Maggie
(Date Created: Aug 2003)
(United Kingdom)
- This article provides an overview of the developments and activities in digital preservation in the United Kingdom – from the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) and British Library-hosted workshop at the University of Warwick in 1995 up until the present day. Included are summaries of the Cedars and CAMiLEON projects, the JISC Continuing Access and Digital Preservation Strategy (2002-2005), the work of the British Library and the National Archives as well as the Digital Preservation Coalition.
- http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla69/papers/129e-Jones.pdf
- This paper was given at the World Library and Information Congress: 69th IFLA General Conference and Council, 1-9 August, 2003 in Berlin
-

Digital Preservation Needs and Requirements in RLG Member Institutions
Hedstrom, Margaret; Montgomery, Sheon
(Last Updated: 22 Jan 1999)
- This RLG study was commissioned to
assess the nature of guidance, education and training, storage and
digital preservation services requirements of RLG members. Fifty-four institutions responded to a survey. Findings are presented under the headings: Digital Preservation Responsibilities, Digital Preservation Policies and Practices, Digital Preservation Staffing and Expertise, and
Needs and Requirements.
- http://www.rlg.org/legacy/preserv/digpres.html
-

Digital Preservation Strategy
Davis, Simon
(Date Created: Nov 2002)
(Australia)
- This article looks at the National Archives of Australia (NAA) Digital Preservation Policy, devised from its Agency to Researcher Digital Preservation Project. As well as touching on digital preservation problems such as obolesence and restriction on the use of proprietary technology, the article explores data formats used by the NAA as a means of providing digital preservation solutions. These include data formats developed by the NAA, such as dataset, emailmessage, webpackage and XML and Java-based tools, as well as dataformats already in existence, such as XHTML, Portable Network Graphics (PNG) and Open Office.
- http://www.naa.gov.au/recordkeeping/rkpubs/fora/02nov/digital_preserva
tion.pdf
- Digital Preservation: Illuminating the Past, Guiding the Future
National Archives of Australia
(Date Created: Jun 2006)
(Australia)
- This publication describes the challenges of digital preservation and the approach of the National Archives of Australia to preserving Commonwealth Government electronic records. It briefly introduces the Xena software.
- ISBN: 1920807454
- http://www.naa.gov.au/Images/XENA_brochure%5B1%5D_tcm2-918.pdf
- Available online as PDF.
-

Digitizing, Archiving and Preserving Japanese Cultural Heritage
Harada, Hisayoshi
In: RLG DigiNews
(Date Created: 15 Apr 2003)
(Japan)
- This article describes the current activities and initiatives at the National Diet Library in creating a National Digital Library Digitization Project. Copyright is discussed, especially in regard to networked digital publications. The National Diet Library also has several projects planned, including WARP (Web Archiving Project) and DNAVI (the NDL Database Navigation Service). The National Diet Library has also begun research and study for long term preservation of digital information to make the public aware of its importance. A three year project began in 2002 to set up comprehensive guidelines and policies for long term preservation strategies.
- http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/da/ViewObjectMain.jsp?fileid=0000070519
:000006287396&reqid=3826#feature1
- Disposable Scholarship?
Miller, Frederick
(Date Created: Jan 2004)
- This article provides a brief commentary on the issues of long-term preservation of digital information within the higher education sector. With such institutions producing a growing amount of digital media and information, the author stresses the importance of developing strategies to ensure long-terms access of digital scholarship for future generations. Also discussed is the role of higher education institutions in developing digital preservation strategies.
- http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/eqm0411.pdf
- Available in EDUCAUSE Quarterly, Volume 27, No 1, 2004, pp. 8-9, ISSN 1528-5324.
-

DPC Forum with Industry: Future R & D for Digital Asset Preservation
Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
(Date Created: Jun 2002)
(United Kingdom)
- This web page provides links to a summary meeting report and presentations by speakers from both the public and private sectors, as presented at the Digital Preservation Coalition forum with industry, held at Prospect House, London on 5th June, 2002. Topics covered long-term trends and research and development issues for preservation and access to digital material in both government and industry.
- http://www.dpconline.org/graphics/events/rdfuture.html
- Draft DCC Approach to Digital Curation
Digital Curation Centre
(Regularly Updated)
- This extensive document is a draft and is being continually updated. It features a detailed definition and discussion of the concept of digital curation, particularly as it is applied by the Digital Curation Centre (DCC). Also discussed is the OAIS Reference Model as the basis of Centre's digital curation approach. The document also identifies key services that the DCC can research, develop and supply to facilitate digital curation, including the creation of a Registry/Repository of Representation Information, including information about formats, software and standards.
- http://twiki.dcc.rl.ac.uk/bin/view/Main/DCCApproachToCuration
-

E-Government and Digital Preservation
Dumortier, Jos
- This paper was presented at the Workshop on
E-Government: Legal, Technical and Pedagogical Aspects at Albarracín (Spain), 8-10th May 2003.
The paper discusses digital signatures within the context of digital archiving. Digital signatures are used to authenticate the originator and the integrity of information. The article discusses the long term validation of digital signatures and the implications of this for emulation and migration preservation strategies.
- http://www.unizar.es/derecho/fyd/lefis/documentos/Albareccin_JosDumort
ier.pdf
- E-Journals - What Do You Get For Your Money?
Jones, Maggie
(Date Created: Feb 2003)
(United Kingdom)
- This article focuses on the role of the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC), UK, in relation to the issues and challenges of the long-term preservation and continued access of licensed e-journals. JISC has acknowledged the challenges that have emerged with licensed e-journals, particularly with regard to the differing roles and responsibilities of both libraries and publishers. To that end, the Committee has developed a JISC/Publishers Association (PA) Model Licence that seeks to explore such areas as continued online access and different archival options. Between September and November 2002, a JISC consultancy conducted a survey of libraries and publishers as a means of addressing this need for a more definitive role between libraries and publishers, as well as assessing options for a central archiving facility.
- http://ninetta.ingentaselect.com
- Available online at http://pippo.ingentaselect.com. and in Serials for the International Serials Community, ISSN 0953-0460, Vol. 16, No. 1, March 2003, pp. 27-31
-
E-print Services and Long-term Access to the Record of Scholarly and Scientific Research
Day, Michael
In: Ariadne
(Date Created: 22 Jun 2001)
- This article considers some of the long-term preservation issues for e-print services (or archives), a potential application of the Open Archives Initiative (OAI). Some of the major implications such as responsibility for preservation, and authenticity are discussed.
- http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue28/metadata/
-

E-Science Curation Report : Data Curation for E-Science in the UK : an Audit to Establish Requirements for Future Curation and Provision
Lord, Philip; Macdonald, Alison
(Date Created: 2003)
(United Kingdom)
- This report, prepared for the JISC Committee for the Support of Research (JCSR), endeavours to establish the current provision and future requirements for curation of digital primary research data generated within e-science in the UK. The report consists of strategic and policy level recommendations. Questionnaires and interviews were used to ascertain current provisions for data curation, in areas including such as repositories, libraries, funding, costs, preservation, and standards.
- http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/e-ScienceReportFinal.pdf
-

Electronic Publications and the Survival of Information
Jones, Maggie; Webb, Colin
(Last Updated: 20 Oct 1998)
- This paper discusses organisational issues surrounding the management and preservation of electronic publications, surveying current projects and focusing on activities within the National Library of Australia.
- http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/mjcwvala.html
- Elephants and Dung Trucks
Poynder, Richard
(Date Created: Sep 2003)
- This article looks at the issues and challenges facing libraries in relation to digital preservation. It looks at a number of different international initiatives and projects developed as a means of finding long-term solutions for preserving digital material, most notably the digital preservation activities of the National Library of the Netherlands (Koninklijke Bibliotheek).
- http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=10760467&db=aph
- Also available in PDF version; Information Today, Sep 2003, Vol 20, Issue 8, p 33, ISSN 8755-6286 and by subscription online at www.ebscohost.com/
-

Ensuring Long-Term Access to Online Publications
Phillips, Margaret
In: JEP - The Journal of Electronic Publishing
(Date Created: Jun 1999)
(Australia)
- This article gives an overview of archiving networked digital material in the PANDORA project and covers topics such as collection, selection, metadata, access, costs, permanent naming, technological obsolescence and preservation.
- http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/04-04/phillips.html
- ERA: An Archives of the Future for the Future
Carlin, John W.
(Date Created: 2004)
(United States of America)
- Written by the Archivist of the United States, this article provides an overview of the challenges facing the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in dealing with the preservation of federal government electronic records. The article describes the NARA’s attempts in dealing with such challenges, by outlining developments of the Electronic Records Archive (ERA). Included in the article are descriptions of stakeholders, the main functions and bids for design of the ERA, as well as other projects and initiatives the NARA is undertaking in relation to electronic recordkeeping.
- http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2004/spring/archivist.ht
ml
- Available in Prologue, a quarterly publication of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Spring 2004, Vol. 36, No. 1
-

Evolution of an Institutional E-prints Archive at the University of Glasgow
Nixon, William J
In: Ariadne
(Date Created: 8 Jul 2002)
(United Kingdom)
- This article describes the progress of the e-print archive at the University of Glasgow, including the aims of the archive, decisions about implementation, metadata and presentation. The article also notes the role of the library in encouraging submissions, providing advice on copyright, and arranging deposit, conversion of formats and review of metadata quality.
- http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue32/eprint-archives/
-

Experiment in Using Emulation to Preserve Digital Publications
Rothenberg, Jeff
(Date Created: Apr 2000)
(Netherlands)
- This report presents the results of a preliminary investigation by the National Library of the Netherlands into the feasibility of using emulation as a means of preserving digital publications in accessible, authentic, and usable form within a deposit library.
- http://nedlib.kb.nl/results/emulationpreservationreport.pdf
-

Implementing an Open Jurisdictional Digital Repository - the STORS Project
Lavelle, Jan; Sokvitne, Lloyd
In: D-Lib magazine
(Date Created: Jun 2004)
(Australia)
- Operating within the legal deposit provisions of Tasmania, this article describes the State Library of Tasmania’s (Australia) development and implementation of an open jurisdictional digital repository for published electronic materials - the Stable Tasmanian Open Repository Service (STORS). Included in the paper is an overview of the publisher self-contribution model; a description of the content and format scope of STORS; explanations on metadata structure, risk management issues and software developments; as well as future considerations for STORS, including additional preservation data.
- 10.1045/june2004-sokvitne
- http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june04/sokvitne/06sokvitne.html
-

Institutional Repositories in the Context of Digital Preservation
Wheatley, Paul
(Date Created: Mar 2004)
- This report focuses on the crucial digital preservation issues for institutional repositories, with view on implications on the design and development of repository software. The repository software of various institutions are compared and analysed as well as their different objectives regarding long-term preservation of data and/or collection policy. In addition, the requirements for effective preservation are outlined, including the preservation functions essential in a repository such as persistent identification, object characterisation, and support of object rendering. The report concludes with recommendations that specific requirements for digital repositories should be developed and that independent certification services ought to be established to evaluate how repositories meet these requirements.
- http://www.dpconline.org/docs/DPCTWf4word.pdf
- DPC Technology Watch Series Report, 04-02
-
Institutional Repositories: Essential Infrastructure For Scholarship In The Digital Age
Lynch, Clifford A.
(Date Created: Feb 2003)
(United States of America)
- In this article, the author addresses the strategic role of institutional repositories in universities as a means for advancing scholarship and preservation of scholarly works. Citing the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s (MIT) development of the DSpace institutional repository system as a model for universities for the future, the author also seeks to define institutional repositories; looks at their strategic importance for scholarship and higher education; addresses their relationship with networked information standards and infrastructure such as persistent identifiers, preservable file formats and rights documentation; and provides his views for future developments in this field.
- http://www.arl.org/resources/pubs/br/br226/
- In ARL Bimonthly Report, no. 226, February 2003, pp. 1-10
-
Invest to Save: Report and Recommendations of the NSF-DELOS Working Group on Digital Archiving and Preservation
Hedstrom, Margaret; Ross, Seamus
(Date Created: 2003)
- This report identifies research challenges, development opportunities and solutions for problems associated with the preservation of digital information. Consisting of six main areas, the report presents digital preservation challenges; looks at the benefits of long-term preservation; summarises a set of principles and assumptions to guide the research agenda; highlights the work to date within this field; discusses a research agenda, including emerging research; and addresses the need for additional areas of support.
- http://eprints.erpanet.org/archive/00000048/01/Digitalarchiving.pdf
-

It's About Time : Research Challenges in Digital Archiving and Long-term Preservation : Report on the NSF Workshop on Research Challenges in Digital Archiving: Towards a National Infrastructure for Long-Term Preservation of Digital Information : Workshop Report -- Draft 2.0 (Pre-Publication Draft)
NSF Workshop on Research Challenges in Digital Archiving Organizing Committee
(Date Created: 12 Aug 2002)
(United States of America)
- This report identifies the new research opportunities and challenges in the long term preservation of digital information. Within the Computing and IT sector, technological issues such as storage capabilities, metadata and interoperability are discussed as new areas for research. Non technological areas requiring attention include funding inadequacies, economic and business models for sustainable preservation programs, policies and incentives for long term preservation and social, economic and legal impediments to preservation.
- http://www.si.umich.edu/digarch/Report.DFt.2.doc
-

Keeping Online Information Accessible for E-Governance and E-Democracy
Cunningham, Adrian; Phillips, Margaret E.
(Date Created: Feb 2004)
(Australia)
- This article focuses on the need for government agencies and other institutions to ensure that electronic publications and organisational records are collected, managed and preserved as a means of ensuring long-term access for the benefit of e-governance and e-democracy. The article provides definitions of online publications and online records; explores the role of libraries and archives in e-government, including initiatives undertaken at the National Library of Australia and National Archives of Australia; addresses factors that contribute to the vulnerability of online information; and concludes with a list of factors that inhibit the long-term availability of online information for e-governance and e-democracy.
- http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/2004/phillips1.html
- This paper was prepared for the Australian Electronic Governance Conference. Centre for Public Policy, University of Melbourne, Victoria, April 14-15, 2004.
-
Levels of Service for Digital Repositories
LeFurgy, William G
In: D-Lib magazine
(Date Created: May 2002)
- In this article, William LeFurgy of the US National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) outlines conditions governing persistence of digital objects, such as system architecture and material specification, and suggests a model for future levels of service for digital repositories, considering three levels of tools and processes and three levels of persistence of materials.
- http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may02/lefurgy/05lefurgy.html
- Long-term archiving of digital documents : what efforts are being made in Germany?
Connertz, Thomas
(Date Created: Jul 2003)
(Germany)
- This article provides an overview on the state of digital archiving and legal deposit in Germany. As this article is written from the perspective of a publisher, Thieme Publishing, it offers a different view on the technical, legal and practical difficulties in extending these existing arrangements to digital materials.
- http://ninetta.ingentaselect.com/vl=3224230/cl=15/nw=1/rpsv/cgi-bin/li
nker?ini=alpsp&reqidx=/cw/alpsp/09531513/v16n3/s9/p207
- in Learned Publishing, Vol. 16, no. 3 (July 2003). pp. 207-211.
-

Long-Term Management and Preservation of Publications on CD-ROMs and Floppy Disks : Roles and Responsibilities
Jones, Maggie
In: First National Consultative Meeting on the Management of Australian Physical-Format Digital Publications
(Date Created: Oct 1997)
(Australia)
- This paper, delivered at the National Consultative Meeting on the Management of Australian Physical-Format Digital Publications at the National Library of Australia in October 1997, discusses the results of a survey which was sent to libraries and publishers regarding the long-term management and preservation of publications on CD-ROMs and floppy disks. Results suggested that partnerships between libraries and some publishers were a possibility. All of the libraries surveyed favoured a cooperative approach to preservation based on a geographic approach to the allocation of responsibilities.
- http://www.nla.gov.au/niac/meetings/roles.html
-

Long-Term Management Issues in the Preservation of Electronic Information
Exon, Maggie
(Date Created: Nov 1995)
- Defining "long term" to be "at least several centuries", Exon discusses the issues of selection for preservation and usage, and the allocation of responsibilities for preserving digital information.
- http://www.nla.gov.au/niac/meetings/npo95me.html
-

Minimum Criteria for an Archival Repository of Digital Scholarly Journals (version 1.2, May 2000)
Digital Library Federation
(Last Updated: 26 Jun 2001)
- This document sets out 7 minimum criteria for a digital archival repository that acts to preserve digital scholarly publications. Closely based on the Open Archival Information System Reference Model, with modification to reflect the needs of libraries, publishers and academics, it includes key research issues associated with data deposit, preservation and access.
- http://www.diglib.org/preserve/criteria.htm
-

Moving Frontier : Archiving, Preservation and Tomorrow's Digital Heritage
Berthon, Hilary; Webb, Colin
(Date Created: Feb 2000)
(Australia)
- This paper reviews international progress in digital archiving and preservation over the past one to two years. There have been developments in international collaboration, many archiving models are being tested, active work on a range of facilitating issues, and an ongoing debate over the most appropriate preservation strategies. A growing trend noted is the ongoing commitment of sharing information, for example, the redevelopment of the PADI website.
- http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/hberthon2.html
- PDFalso available from http://www.vala.org.au/vala2000/2000pdf/Ber_Web.PDF
-

National Archives Green Paper : An Approach to the Preservation of Digital Records
Davis, Simon; Heslop, Helen; Wilson, Andrew
(Date Created: Dec 2002)
(Australia)
- This paper discusses the National Archives approach to digital preservation, specifically in relation to the Agency to Researcher Digital Preservation Project. Areas covered include the fundamental nature of digital records, problems of digital preservation, approaches to preservation such as migration and emulation and XML as an archival data format.
- Available as PDF from this URL
-

National Co-ordinating Body for Digital Archiving?
Haynes, David; Streatfield, David
In: Ariadne
(Date Created: May 1998)
(United Kingdom)
- This article is based on the recommendations of the 1997 'Responsibility for Long Term Preservation and Access to Digital Documents' report to the Digital Archiving Group. The study sought to identify responsibility for the long-term preservation of digital information within the United Kingdom, based on consultation with various groups in the electronic information sector. The need for a coherent and coordinated national strategy for ensuring long-term access to digital materials features amongst the recommendations.
- http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue15/digital/
- National Library of New Zealand - Digital Library Development Review
Ross, Seamus
(Date Created: 30 Jun 2003)
(New Zealand)
- The National Library of New Zealand Act 2003 requires the Library to “collect, preserve and make available New Zealand’s electronic documents”. This report, produced in response to the Act, seeks to identify and recommend areas of digital library development, so that the Library can satisfactorily fulfil its statutory responsibilities. Included in the report are areas addressing the need for the establishment of a digital repository for the long-term preservation of materials, and recommendations for the Library to use its role in supporting other libraries in the areas of digital preservation.
- http://www.natlib.govt.nz/files/ross_report.pdf
-
National Science Foundation Digital Government Research Program' s Role in the Long-term Preservation of Digital Materials
Larry Brandt; Sue Stendebach; Valerie Gregg
In: RLG DigiNews
(Last Updated: 15 Oct 2002)
(United States of America)
- A paper stating the current progress, ongoing development and future directions of the United States National Science Foundation’s (NSF) Digital Government Research Program. The program is working collaboratively with a number of government agencies to establish a research program that could ensure the long-term preservation of digital materials. The recommendations of a workshop in April 2002 suggesting specific research needs are also discussed.
- http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/da/ViewObjectMain.jsp?fileid=0000070513
:000006284447&reqid=2789#feature2
- New Legal Deposit Laws Include Digital Data
Harris, Sian
(Date Created: 2004)
(United Kingdom)
- This article comments on changes in legal deposit legislation in the UK, with the introduction of the Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2003. This Act requires publishers to deposit digital information (such as offline electronic materials and websites) with one of the six national libraries in the UK and Ireland. The article provides a background to the new legislation, processes being undertaken to ensure that such legislation becomes a reality and a description of how other European countries are dealing with the preservation of electronic materials.
- http://www.researchinformation.info/rimayjun04legaldeposit.html
- Available in Research Information, May/June 2004, Issue 11
-
New Model Scholarship : How will it survive?
Smith, Abby
(Date Created: Mar 2003)
- This CLIR report discusses the issues in preserving digital scholarly resources. 'New model scholarship' is defined as those resources that are born digital, such as web sites, that will be of use to future researchers. The report looks at organisational approaches to preserving digital content and includes, as appendices, a review of organisational models for digital archiving and a survey of current research, practices and understanding of digital preservation in the United States.
- ISBN: 1887334998
- http://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub114abst.html
- Available online as full text or PDF, or for purchase in print
-
New York Public Library Archiving Performing Arts Electronic Resources: A Planning Project - Report to the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Mellon Electronic Journal Archiving Program
New York Public Library
(Date Created: 31 Jul 2002)
(United Kingdom)
- Based on a project undertaken by the New York Public Library as part of the Mellon Electronic Journal Archiving Program, this article describes the avenues taken by the Library in investigating the establishment of a repository for archived electronic resources in the performing arts. It highlights the two main areas of the project’s investigation – content development and an overview of the implementation of a new electronic archive based on the OAIS model.
- http://www.diglib.org/preserve/nyplfinal.pdf
- Also available in Archiving Electronic Journals: Research Funded by the Andrew W Mellon Foundation, edited and introduced by Linda Cantara, Indiana University
- Opportunities For Research Libraries In The NSF Cyberinfrastructure Program
Messerschmitt, David G.
(Date Created: Aug 2003)
(United States of America)
- This article explores the Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Program (ACP) that has been developed by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Blue-Ribbon Advisory Panel in the United States. As well as providing an overview of the area of digital science, the author looks at the core elements of the ACP, which includes shared IT resources and services for the digital science community, shared disciplinary data/software repositories, as well as the long-term preservation of data.
- http://www.arl.org/resources/pubs/br/br229/
- In ARL Bimonthly Report, no 229, August 2003, pp.1-7
-

PANDORA, Australia's Web Archive, And The Digital Archiving System That Supports It
Phillips, Margaret E
In: DigiCULT.Info Newsletter
(Date Created: Dec 2003)
(Australia)
- This article looks at Australia’s Web Archive, PANDORA – led by the National Library of Australia in co-operation with eight other partners - and its supporting digital archiving system, PANDAS. The article not only explores the role of national libraries in relation to web harvesting and describes their different approaches, but provides an overview of the selection criteria used for PANDORA, the processes of digital archiving and the main functions of the PANDAS software. Future directions of PANDAS as well as digital archiving initiatives, such as the “Deep Web”, are also discussed.
- http://www.digicult.info/downloads/dc_info_issue6_december_20031.pdf
-

PDF/A: Developing a File Format for Long-Term Preservation
LeFurgy, William G
In: RLG DigiNews
(Date Created: 15 Dec 2003)
(United States of America)
- This article looks at current developments in the USA into the long-term preservation of text-based digital documents. A working group has prepared a draft preservation standard for Adobe’s Portable Format Document (PDF). Known as PDF/A, the standard “intends to specify the use of PDF in a manner that is specifically geared to long-term management and use. PDF/A would be ideally suited for documents whose content and appearance must remain stable over long periods of time”.
- http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/da/ViewObjectMain.jsp?fileid=0000070519
:000006289350&reqid=15674#feature1
- Perils of Digital Preservation
Ford, Piers
(Date Created: 10 Jan 2003)
- In this news article the author uses the example of the BBC's Domesday Project to illustrate the costs, software and hardware issues and rights management problems of a digital preservation project. He suggests that it is problematic and inefficient to preserve retrospectively and that digital preservation planning and strategies should be incorporated into the overall management of the data from its creation onwards.
- http://www.vnunet.com/features/1137956
- Permanent Archiving Of Electronic Publications
Steenbakkers, Johan F.
(Date Created: Mar 2003)
(Netherlands)
- This article looks at the Koninklijke Bibliotheck (KB) - the National Library of the Netherlands’- approach to the development and implementation of a permanent archive for electronic publications. As well as highlighting the history of the Library’s deposit policies, the article explores the Library’s development of an electronic archive system with IBM Global Services, in accordance with the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) archival standard. The article further explores the KB’s relationship with Elsevier Science (ES), a major science publisher. ES have signed an archiving agreement with the KB, agreeing to deposit all electronic publications for permanent archiving. The implications of such an agreement have also been addressed.
- ISSN: 0953-0460
- http://ninetta.ingentaselect.com
- In Serials for the International Serials Community, Vol. 16, No. 1 March, 2003. Subscription also available online http://pippo.ingentaselect.com.
-
Political Communications in Web Archiving : a Proposal to the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation from the Centre for Research Libraries
Reilly, Bernard F.
(Date Created: 26 Jul 2002)
(United States of America)
- This proposal describes the Center for Research Libraries (CRL) project to develop effective methodologies for the systemic, sustainable preservation of web based political communications. The project covers three main areas of political Web communications archiving- curatorship, technology and long-term resource management. The project has a fifteen month time-frame. Web based political communications has been identified as lacking preservation strategies. Yet this area provides an important source of information about political trends, attitudes and activities.
- http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/research/WebPolCom.pdf
- Presentations and Further Proceedings from the Workshop on Digital Preservation in Copenhagen, December 11, 2002
Danish Ministry of Culture
(Date Created: 11 Dec 2002)
(Denmark)
- Presentations and conclusions from the Workshop on Digital Preservation, held at the Royal Library, Copenhagen on 11th December 2002. Conclusions from the meeting include the importance of the issue and need for research into digital preservation, the need for coordination of effort on an international level, development of national policies on digital preservation, partnership between cultural institutions and industry, and the need to address cost and intellectual property rights issues.
- http://www.kum.dk/sw5312.asp
-

Preservation Metadata and Digital Continuity
Knight, Steve
In: DigiCULT.Info Newsletter
(Date Created: Feb 2003)
(New Zealand)
- This article describes the National Library of New Zealand's digital preservation programme generally as well as describing the development of a preservation metadata schema as a means to ensure that digital resources are accessible in the long term. The schema, still under development, involves the preservation metadata applying to a 'logical object' which is then used as the preservation master. The author also discusses future issues that need to be addressed in order for the Library to be acknowledged as a 'trusted repository for New Zealand's digital heritage.
- http://data.digicult.info/download/digicult_info3_low.pdf
- Preservation of Digital Objects
Galloway, Patricia
(Date Created: 2003)
- This article provides an overview of issues and international projects that have been undertaken in the area of digital preservation. It looks at practical examples of ongoing digital preservation; the roles of library, archives and museums in the preservation of digital objects; a summary of research on the preservation of digital objects since the year 2000; different record keeping standards; genre-specific preservation problems (such as web pages, databases); repository standards, preservation methods (such as emulation, migration and serial conversion); preservation metadata standards, as well as future directions for digital preservation.
- In: Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST), Vol 38, 2004 pp. 549-590 (Chapter 11), ISSN 0066-4200, ISBN 1-57387-185-0
- Preservation of Electronic Scholarly Publishing : an Analysis of Three Approaches
Honey, Sadie L.
(Date Created: Jan 2005)
- This paper analyses three approaches to the preservation and archiving of scholarly publishing - the caching approach, the moving wall approach and the dark archive approach. The strengths and weakness of each approach is analysed by a set of criteria including shared costs, incentives, economic sustainability and technological integrity.
- http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/portal_libraries_and_the_academy/v005/5.1
honey.html
- Portal : Libraries and the Academy, Vol. 5, no. 1(January 2005), E-ISSN1530-7131. Article also available in PDF.
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